DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A MEDICAL EXPERT SYSTEM FOR TROPICAL DISEASE DIAGNOSIS.

ABSTRACT

This project presents the design and implementation of medical expert system, which is a system that is capable of storing clinical data in diabetes management, such as blood glucose measurements, insulin injection doses, hypoglycemic events, dietary intake and exercise activity. These stored records eventually will allow the doctors to monitor their patients remotely. Furthermore, based on these records and some expert knowledge, the system will give recommendations to the patients about insulin dose adjustment.

ORGANIZATION OF WORK

The organization of work entails the arrangement of the research work from chapter one to the last chapter. It includes the following: Chapter one is the introductory part of the research work, aims and objectives, purpose of study, significance of the study scope/delimitation, limitation constraints, assumption of study, definition of terms.

Chapter two contains the review of relevant literature of though concerning the research work.

Chapter three contains the description and analysis of the existing system, other sub-topic includes; fact finding method/methodology, organizational structure/organogram, objectives of the existing system, input, process and output analysis, information flow diagram, problems of the existing system, justification for the new system.

Chapter four contains the design of the new system. With the following sub-topic; design standard, output specification and design, file design, procedure chart, system flowchart, system requirements, hardware requirements, software requirements, operational requirements, personnel requirements.

Chapter five describes the implementation of the research work, with the following sub-topics: design standard, program design, program flowchart, psuedocode, coding, test data/test run, user training. An overview, cutover process.

Chapter six contains the documentation with the following sub-topic; program documentation, user documentation.

Chapter seven contains the recommendation, summary and conclusion of the research work.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Organization of work

List of figures

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

1.0. Introduction

1.1. Statement of problems

1.2. Aim and objectives

1.3. Purpose of the study

1.4. Significance of the study

1.5. Scope/delimitation

1.6. Limitation/constraints

1.7. Assumption of study

1.8. Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.0. Review of relevant literature

Chapter three

3.0. Description and analysis of the existing system

3.1. Fact finding method/methodology

3.3. Objectives of the existing system

3.4. Input, process and output analyses

3.4.1. Input analysis

3.4.2. Process analysis

3.4.3. Output analysis

3.5. Information flow diagram

3.6. Problems of the existing system

3.7. Justification for the new system

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0. Design of the new system

4.1. Design standards

4.2. Output specification and design

4.3. Input specification and design

4.3.1.File design

4.4. Procedure chart

4.5 system flowchart

4.6. System requirements

4.6.1. Hardware requirement

4.6.2. Software requirements

4.6.3. Operational requirements

4.6.4. Personnel requirements

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0. Implementation

4.5. Design standard

5.2. Program design

5.2.1. Program flowchart

5.2.2. Pseudocode

5.3. Coding

5.4. Test data/test run

5.5. User training

5.6. Cutover process

CHAPTER SIX

Documentation

6.1. Program documentation

6.2. User documentation

Chapter seven

7.0. Recommendation, summary and conclusion

7.1. Recommendation

7.2. Summary

7.3. Conclusion

References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

An expert system is a computer application that solves complicated problems that would otherwise require extensive human expertise. To do so, it simulates the human reasoning process by applying specific knowledge and interfaces. Expert systems also use human knowledge to solve problems that normally would require human intelligence. These expert systems represent the expertise knowledge as data or rules within the computer. These rules and data can be called upon when needed to solve problems. Books and manual guides have a tremendous amount of knowledge but a human has a read and interpret the knowledge for it to be used.

A computer program designed to model the problem solving ability of a human expert (Durkin 1994). A system that uses human knowledge captured in a computer to solve problems that ordinarily require human expertise (Turban and Aroson, 2001).

An intelligent computer program that uses knowledge and inference procedures to solve problems that was difficult enough to acquire significant human expertise for their solutions (Fiegenbayunm).

Expert systems typically have a number of several components. The knowledge base is the component that contains the knowledge obtained from the domain expert. Normally the way of representing knowledge is using rules. The inference engine is the component that manipulates the knowledge found in the knowledge base as needed to arrive at a result or solution. The user interface is the component that allows the user to query the system and receive the results of those queries. Many expert systems also have an explanation facility which explains why a question was asked or how a result or solution was obtained.

There are several major application areas of expert systems such as agriculture, education, environment, law, manufacturing, medicine power systems etc. The most commonly used among practitioners are agriculture, education, environment and medicine expert system due to the maturity of the field by revealing the acceptance of the technology by the commercial sectors. 1.1. STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

The computers are indispensable throughout the research process. The role of computer becomes more important when the research is on a large sample. Data can be stored in computers for immediate use or can be stored in auxiliary memories like floppy disk, compact disk, universal serial buses ( pen drives) or memory cards, so that the same can be retrieved later. The computers assist the researcher throughout different phases of research processes, which includes:

Conceptual phase
Empirical phase
Analytic phase
Dissemination phase.

Improving research process through the use of computers is by no means an easy feat as researchers needs to get the fact that computers can go along way to assist in the research process as would be seen in subsequent sections and chapters in this project work.

1.2. AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The study is aimed at exposing the importance of computer as research toll and the role they play during each process.

Other objectives includes:

Efficient information retrieval
Provide alternative research option and tool for researchers to explore.
Make available to researchers and to the general public important characteristics of computers, which they can take full advantage of.

1.4. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to conduct a verifiable research and explore the importance and uses of a computer as research toll with its attending characteristics.

1.4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study is that it will provide the institute with an opportunity to introduce this new technology, which will also serve as the basis for future research into the topic.

1.5. SCOPE/DELLIMITATION

The scope/delimitation basically cover the area of information generation. It also cover data security and authenticity as well as reportage. These areas were identified and grouped into:

Data capturing
Information processing
Reporting.

1.6. LIMITATION/CONSTRAINTS

During the research process, some difficulties and limitations where encountered. They include:

High proximity to resource areas from my home
Limited time in the gathering of facts and findings.
Inadequate funds
Insufficient local literature and/or resources.

1.7. ASSUMPTION OF STUDY

Sequels to insufficient information, the following assumptions were made:

Most researchers are not computer literate and as a result aren’t aware of the importance of computers to their research work or research process so they are totally ignorant of it.
They can actually, afford and internet ready personnel computer.
The general public are computer enthusiasts.

1.8. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Expert system: Is a computer application that solves complicated problems that would other wise require extensive human expertise. It is also a knowledge-based information system that uses its knowledge about a specific complex application area to act as an expert consultant to end-user.
Diagnosis: The act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of a problem.
Medicine: The study and treatment of diseases and injuries.
Diseases: an illness affecting humans, animals or plants often caused by infection.
System: is define as a network of interrelated and play of any of the sub-systems part affect the whole.
Program: sequence of instruction the computer would carryout on data written in a particular language.
Information: This is referred to as the defects, locates and rectifies fault as they occur
User Interface: Is the component that allows the user to query the system and receive the results of those queries.
Medical Artificial Intelligence: Is the construction of artificial intelligence programs that perform diagnosis and make therapy recommendations.
Artificial Intelligence: is concerned with knowledge representation problem solving, learning, robotics and the development of computers that can speak and understand humanlike languages.

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