ABSTRACT
This work is a survey of viewership of terrestial television programs in portharcourt (a case study of AIT). A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among residents of portharcourt
. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that there is an increasing viewership of television programs in portharcourt and this have a strong and significant impact on the social and political awareness of portharcourt residents.
.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of my project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: A SURVEY OF VIEWERSHIP OF TERRESTIAL TELEVISION PROGRAMS IN PORTHARCOURT (A CASE STUDY OF AIT)
ABSTRACT
This work is a survey of viewership of terrestial television programs in portharcourt (a case study of AIT). A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among residents of portharcourt
. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that there is an increasing viewership of television programs in portharcourt and this have a strong and significant impact on the social and political awareness of portharcourt residents.
.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of my project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: A SURVEY OF VIEWERSHIP OF TERRESTIAL TELEVISION PROGRAMS IN PORTHARCOURT (A CASE STUDY OF AIT)
ABSTRACT
This work discusses role of television in childhood socialization. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among people from selected states in Nigeria
. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that television have a strong and significant impact in childhood socialization
.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#20000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: ROLE OF TELEVISION IN CHILDHOOD SOCIALIZATION
ABSTRACT
This work discusses role of television in childhood socialization. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among people from selected states in Nigeria
. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that television have a strong and significant impact in childhood socialization
.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#25000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: ROLE OF TELEVISION IN CHILDHOOD SOCIALIZATION
ABSTRACT
This work psychological effects of colours on the audience using vincent van gogh as a case study. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed people from selected states in Nigeria-viewers of selected television stations. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that colours have a strong and significant impact on the audience
.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#20000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLOURS ON THE AUDIENCE USING VINCENT VAN GOGH AS A CASE STUDY
ABSTRACT
This work psychological effects of colours on the audience using vincent van gogh as a case study. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed people from selected states in Nigeria-viewers of selected television stations. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that colours have a strong and significant impact on the audience
.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#25000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLOURS ON THE AUDIENCE USING VINCENT VAN GOGH AS A CASE STUDY
ABSTRACT
This research project the influence of photographic images in advertising has looked at photograph in relation to their roles in conveying messages through advertising medium, to also improve on the way photographs are been used in advertising for promotion of products. To successfully do this the illustration aspect, which is the photograph, must be properly used in a way that it must tally with the text aspect in other for the role message to be adequately conveyed to the public. This project also covers the studio process through which photographs are been produced. Furthermore, this research also covers the creative aspect of advertising which are stages that are involved in the task of a successful adverts. In conclusion, the researcher included techniques in photography through which photograph for advert can be produced. Moreso, that the works should be handled by professionals in graphics design to avoid wrong or abusive way of using photograph in adverts, to also make work being done in Nigeria of international standard.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.0 Background Statement
1.1 Statement of Problems
1.2 Objective of Study
1.3 Significance of Study
1.4 Scope of Study
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
2.1 Photo Retouching
2.2 Creative Aspect Of Advertising
2.3 Credibility of Photography
2.4 Functions of Photograph
2.5 The Necessity of the Visual
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Methodology 14
3.2 Questions
3.3 Responses On Oral Interview
3.4 Production Process
3.5 The Visualizing Stage
3.6 The Illustration Stage (Pectoral Aspect)
3.7 The Finishing
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Project Analysis
4.2 Project Execution
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Observation
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Conclusion
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND STATEMENT
The use of photograph for adverts, which is very important, is a means of communication or passing across message to the public about a particular product for the purpose of sales and promotion. Therefore, the researcher has chosen this topic to bring to light those roles or function photograph plays in advert cannot be overlooked by the advertisers. To make them see why they must imbibe by it and how to go about using photograph in advertising their product. Some advertisers preferred using text only without illustration either photographs or hand made, forgetting that a picture is worth a thousand words, as the Chinese philosopher says. For this purpose, the researcher treats the effective ways of using photograph. As earlier mentioned, the advert predominantly has the written information which is the message and it has ‘shown” information this is the picture content. Picture is very important in very advert because they aid credibility and other aesthetic value to the advert and most importantly to the text message. In other words, pictures and text message compliment each other. It is almost impossible to imagine what the world look like if photographic process were suddenly taken from us. It is involved directly or indirectly in almost everything, we do. Photography which through photographic camera is a medium completely familiar to today’s youth and they have accepted it as either their own. Everyone is interested in photographic images. Still or movies in black and white or in colour, light or contrived, fantastic or documentary, beautiful or brutal and everyone seems to have at least, one camera. Photography is the language of today; it is the best known medium for adverts.
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS:
Subsequently on the fact that language of today is a picture (photograph) the advertisers most especially in Nigeria do not seem to identify with the current trend. While some that seemed to be identifying with the current trend, majority of them made use of hand made illustration that cannot be compared with a real picture. Based on this research I decided to make the advertisers to know the role photograph plays in helping to promote their products and gain the attention of the buyers. The researcher also observed that those that chose to advertise with photograph, their works are being given to non – –professionals. Hence the work are not professionally handled by so doing the purpose of the advert is not fully fulfilled because some of this non professional made use of picture that does not fit n with the text message.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
This project work is initiated to correct the wrong insinuation of neglecting the use of photograph for adverts by going for hand made illustration, which is some how archaic in nature. We are in a computer age where everything is being done in a computerized way. Also to discourage the advertisers from giving their adverts to non- professionals and make them see the reasons why a professional should handle their adverts. Equally to correct the abusive use photography in advertising a product.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This research work is designed to give adequate knowledge to the graphics artist on how to make best use to photograph in advertising a product for sales and promotion.
1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY
For the purpose of proper accomplishment of this project, I decided to limit my research with photograph being under execution by snapping photographs for promotion of a newly introduced product to the market on poster
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#10000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: THE INFLUENCE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES IN ADVERT DESIGN
ABSTRACT
This research project the influence of photographic images in advertising has looked at photograph in relation to their roles in conveying messages through advertising medium, to also improve on the way photographs are been used in advertising for promotion of products. To successfully do this the illustration aspect, which is the photograph, must be properly used in a way that it must tally with the text aspect in other for the role message to be adequately conveyed to the public. This project also covers the studio process through which photographs are been produced. Furthermore, this research also covers the creative aspect of advertising which are stages that are involved in the task of a successful adverts. In conclusion, the researcher included techniques in photography through which photograph for advert can be produced. Moreso, that the works should be handled by professionals in graphics design to avoid wrong or abusive way of using photograph in adverts, to also make work being done in Nigeria of international standard.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.0 Background Statement
1.1 Statement of Problems
1.2 Objective of Study
1.3 Significance of Study
1.4 Scope of Study
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
2.1 Photo Retouching
2.2 Creative Aspect Of Advertising
2.3 Credibility of Photography
2.4 Functions of Photograph
2.5 The Necessity of the Visual
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Methodology 14
3.2 Questions
3.3 Responses On Oral Interview
3.4 Production Process
3.5 The Visualizing Stage
3.6 The Illustration Stage (Pectoral Aspect)
3.7 The Finishing
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Project Analysis
4.2 Project Execution
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Observation
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Conclusion
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND STATEMENT
The use of photograph for adverts, which is very important, is a means of communication or passing across message to the public about a particular product for the purpose of sales and promotion. Therefore, the researcher has chosen this topic to bring to light those roles or function photograph plays in advert cannot be overlooked by the advertisers. To make them see why they must imbibe by it and how to go about using photograph in advertising their product. Some advertisers preferred using text only without illustration either photographs or hand made, forgetting that a picture is worth a thousand words, as the Chinese philosopher says. For this purpose, the researcher treats the effective ways of using photograph. As earlier mentioned, the advert predominantly has the written information which is the message and it has ‘shown” information this is the picture content. Picture is very important in very advert because they aid credibility and other aesthetic value to the advert and most importantly to the text message. In other words, pictures and text message compliment each other. It is almost impossible to imagine what the world look like if photographic process were suddenly taken from us. It is involved directly or indirectly in almost everything, we do. Photography which through photographic camera is a medium completely familiar to today’s youth and they have accepted it as either their own. Everyone is interested in photographic images. Still or movies in black and white or in colour, light or contrived, fantastic or documentary, beautiful or brutal and everyone seems to have at least, one camera. Photography is the language of today; it is the best known medium for adverts.
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS:
Subsequently on the fact that language of today is a picture (photograph) the advertisers most especially in Nigeria do not seem to identify with the current trend. While some that seemed to be identifying with the current trend, majority of them made use of hand made illustration that cannot be compared with a real picture. Based on this research I decided to make the advertisers to know the role photograph plays in helping to promote their products and gain the attention of the buyers. The researcher also observed that those that chose to advertise with photograph, their works are being given to non – –professionals. Hence the work are not professionally handled by so doing the purpose of the advert is not fully fulfilled because some of this non professional made use of picture that does not fit n with the text message.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
This project work is initiated to correct the wrong insinuation of neglecting the use of photograph for adverts by going for hand made illustration, which is some how archaic in nature. We are in a computer age where everything is being done in a computerized way. Also to discourage the advertisers from giving their adverts to non- professionals and make them see the reasons why a professional should handle their adverts. Equally to correct the abusive use photography in advertising a product.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This research work is designed to give adequate knowledge to the graphics artist on how to make best use to photograph in advertising a product for sales and promotion.
1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY
For the purpose of proper accomplishment of this project, I decided to limit my research with photograph being under execution by snapping photographs for promotion of a newly introduced product to the market on poster
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: THE INFLUENCE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES IN ADVERT DESIGN
ABSTRACT
The attitude of television audience toward commercial interruption in television programmes is a research work carried out through scientific and empirical method in attempt to find out what television commercial interruption is all about and how it affects the audience and suggestion on what to do in order to better the performance of the media houses towards the television commercial interruptions.
It goes a long way to carry out a research on this topic by drawing up questionnaire and interviewing the subjects in their environments. Also made use of library and oral interviews. And our finding shows that uninterrupted television programmes are preferred by the television audience and that the television audience will prefer their unfavourite programmes interrupted. We also found out that commercial that tends to satisfy their needs are recalled faster than commercial that does not satisfy their needs.
Conclusively, the main objective of this study is to asses the attitude of television audience in Enugu towards commercial interruption of television programmes.
This study being an attitude survey seeks to find out the relationship between media content (advertisements) and the society. Therefore, it focused on consumer behaviour, which gives insight into consumer attitude beliefs, perception and culture.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE:……………………………………………………………II
APPROVAL PAGE:…………………………………………………….III
PROJECT TOPIC:……………………………………………………….IV
DEDICATION:…………………………………………………………V
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:………………………………………………VI
ABSTRACT:………………………………………………………………VII
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION:………………………………………………………1
STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM:…………………………7
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:………………………………………9
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:…………………………………11
RESEARCH QUESTION:………………………………………………14
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:…………………………………………14
DEFINITION OF VARIABLES:………………………………………16
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:……………………………………….21
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW:…………………………………………………24
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHOD:……………………………………………… 52
RESEARCH DESIGN:…………………………………………………..53
RESEARCH SAMPLE:……………………………………………………54
MEASURING INSTRUMENT:………………………………………57
DATA COLLECTION:…………………………………………………59
DATA ANALYSIS:………………………………………………………60
EXPECTED RESULT:………………………………………………… 61
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS:……………………………………………………63
PRESENTATION OF RESULTS:……………………………………63
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY:………………………………………………………………78
RECOMMENDATION:…………………………………………………82
BIBLIOGRAPHY:…………………………………………………………88
APPENDIX:……………………………………………………………….91
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Television industry in Nigeria is still in infant stage comparatively to its counterparts in other parts of the developed world. However, it has metamorphosed remarkably within this short period of its history. There have been some achievement and new dimension in its scope of operation for the past two decodes.
At its inception, television in the country was basically used for information, entertainment and educational purposes. It is different of its ability to combine sound and picture. As a result of these qualities. It is possible for it to attract a large number of viewing audience. The number of television receivers reaching a formidable over 30 million people throughout Nigeria, is proof of the immeasurable impact this invention has had on the lines of millions and on the spread of information.
The value of television, as a medium of mass communication is fast assuming highly important position throughout the world. According to Olusda (1976) “All over Nigeria, today there are over one million people watching television) (p 21)
Television has added another feather to its wing, which is that of persuasion. This singular act by television has made it possible for television to dazzle other media of communication. It now serves as an organ through which governments and advertisers sell their goods and services. It ahs brought the art of product awareness to millions of house holds. It has the selling power for most types of goods and services – detergents, cigarettes, fridge, beer and furniture. Their impact on the country is attributable to network television advertising.
Still talking about what television offers, one cannot but remember educational and entertainment programmes for the audience like cultural dances, drama and comedy programmes. Some of the programmes such as family circle, guilt, Jagwa, Mr. B and Tales by moonlight have been known to force people to go home from wherever they are, so as not to miss the next episode.
While viewers are watching their favouratie programmes, it is a common experiences that television houses often dot in commercials which break the continuity of these programmes to the annoyance of viewers whom these programmes are their favourites. The advertisers often want their commercials to be aired at prime time, while these viewers want their favourite programmes to be uninterrupted by commercials thereby reating conflicts between the interest of advertisers and interest of viewers.
It ahs been estimated that well over 80% of the programmes on Nigeria, televisions are interrupted as a result of commercials, yet Nigeria television houses do not seem to see anything unusual about this situation. On N.T.A. station, there are so many programmes for the week and of the seventeen programmes selected for promotion, none is aired without commercial interruption. According to Opubor and Ore (1979)2 The commercials interruptions of most of the programmes are of little relevance to the social realities of the average Nigeria” 3 (p. 122)2
Consequently, television houses often just slot in these commercials even at prime time without considering the interests and feelings of viewers. The viewers are now forced to perceive and consume these commercial when watching their favourite programs, thereby subjecting them to the status of captive audience.
According to Nwuneli (1976) Many of the products in Nigeria television are raw. They display things which portray people as naughty, monsters and didactic under stones which are underplayed and viewers lose sight of them (P. 122)3. Some researchers have come up with evidence to show that commercial interruption could induce aggressive tendencies in people. According to Greene (1965) a former Director General of the British corporation television is being misused and that broadcasters are betraying their responsibilities (p. 124)4
There is no gain staying the fact that television stations need the money realized from these commercial to remain in business. The corporation has to under take commercial broadcasting in order to make money to supplement the subtrahend, sponsors need the television station as a medium of communicating information about their goods and services to the ultimate consumers with the sole aim at arousing their interests for the goods. But as new television stations are established and more stations introduce the modern broadcasting, the need to interrupt programmes at the detriment of the viewers will be further aggravated. Unless something is done now, this will be another ugly incident and further alienation of television audience.
The points mentioned above have acted as stimuli for this research which is to find out the attitude of television audience towards commercial interruption in television programmes. Attitude is here defined as ways of thinking or feeling towards something, in this case towards commercial interruption in television programmes. This attitude survey is very crucial because it embraces a lot of things. For instance, it transcends effects of commercial interruptions on television audience because it is only after a subject has observed the effect of a phenomenon that the subject can form a reasonable attitude towards that phenomenon.
According to Parker (1974) “The sooner each new technology is studied, the greater the chance of bringing to use research results to influence policy in a meaningful way (p 123). We can deduce from these that it is necessary to examine audience attitude towards commercial interruption by Nigerian televisions at this embryonic state of televisions industry when the institutional and economic structures of broadcasting are still being formulated.
Finally, this study will also find out whether television audience will prefer uninterrupted programmes to interrupted programmes whether these commercial programs increase or decrease the viewers interests. In short, it will come up with suggestion on how Nigeria television stations can best serve their audience.
STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
Television by virtue of sound, vision and movement offers a high degree of creative flexibility. An increasing number of people have colour television sets and this allows for greater realism of presentation in commercials. What is more television has achieved a very high degree of penetration of the population and many people watch television programmes for several hours each day. However, these programmes are intermittently interrupted to make way for the insertion of commercial message.
It ahs been estimated that well over 80% of the programmers on Nigerian television are interrupted as a result of commercial insertions, yet Nigeria television houses to not seem to see anything wrong or unusual about this situation. The situation has come to a stage where it will be logically assumed that the gullibility of the television audience is now taken for granted by television houses and also that many ahs now become their primary consideration. Thus, this study intends to examine this attitude of television audience in Enugu towards commercial interruption of television programmes. By and large attitude is a formidable factor in any human communication. It is defined as a psychological predisposition that allows a person to behave in a certain way towards objects, people or actions, hence, the objects in this case will be commercials interruption of television programs.
Given the situation, what the television audience have to say about the commercial interruption of television programmes? How to they feel or react when the programmes they are watching on their television sets are interrupted midway by commercial message? Will uninterrupted television programmes appeal more to regular viewers than to non-regular viewers? Is it true that television audience will like to watch their favourite programmes uninterrupted by commercial message than when watching their unfavourite programmes? Will television viewer pay mere attention to commercial messages that tend to satisfy their needs than to commercial messages that does not satisfy their needs? Finally, would television audience recall faster commercial messages that tend to satisfy their needs than those that to not tend to satisfy their needs.
This background will now form the bedrock of the statement of research problems which is self explanatory on “the attitude of television audience in Enugu towards commercial interruption of television programmes.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Basically, the objectives of this study is to examine the attitudes of television audience in Enugu towards commercials interruptions of television programmes and the extent to which such variables like age, sex, educational level, marital status, income bracket and occupation will contribute in shaping these attitude.
However, in exploring further the objectives of this study, questionnaire was designed to include certain questions that will throw more light into the imbroglio generated by incessant commercial interruption of television programmes. They include the following.
- How to regular and non regular viewers react to commercial interruption of television programmes? In other words, will uninterrupted television programs appeals more to regular television viewers than non regular television viewers.
- How to viewers react when their favourite programs are interrupted mid way y commercial messages? What actually to they do? Are they irritated, happy or indifferent to these commercials.
- Which of the commercial messages will television audience pay more attention to? Will they pay more attention to commercial messages that satisfy their needs than to the ones that do not satisfy their needs?
- How will the television audience recall commercial messages that satisfy their needs than those that do not tend to satisfy their needs.
From the answers to these question as the research progress, the objectives of the study will clearly manifest and clearly be understood.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Much has been said about the qualities of television as an effective communication medium in disseminating commercial messages to a large audience scattered across the country. However, the feedings of the television audience towards these commercials especially when the programmes are interrupted to make way for them cannot be overlooked. Therefore, this study is significant in the sense that it examines the attitude of television audience in Enugu towards commercial interruption of television programmes.
The study will also be valuable to the federal and state governments, which still have exclusive right over the ownership of broadcasting media in Nigeria. This monopoly some people argued has given impetus to the television houses in the country to conduct their affairs in the manner they like, regardless of public opinion. Hence, the result that will be obtained from this study will perhaps guide the federal and state governments in formulating future policies regarding television broadcasting generally in Nigeria, with a view to improving their services and in line with audience expectations.
Furthermore, the advertiser will find the study invaluable because a great deal of advertising messages are wasted. Individual are selective about information they receive it ahs been found that commercial message which contradicts or is otherwise inconsistent with individuals personal attitude is likely to be ignored. Alternatively, an individual may distort the message and draw a meaning quite different form what ahs been intended by interpreting the message in accordance with his own predisposition. This being the case, the broad goal of adverting which is to communicate information about any product, services and ideals and to facilitates the sales of any of them by arousing demand will not be achieved.
Finally, although the study will be carried out on 200 residents of Enugu, nonetheless, the result that will be obtained will however be generalize to the whole of Enugu state because of some similarities in the cultural and psychological make up to the people of this state.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- Would uninterrupted television programmes appeal more to regular viewers than to non-regular viewers?
- Would viewers prefer their unfavourite programmes to be interrupted by commercials than their favourite programmes.
- Would television audience pay more attention to commercials that tend to satisfy their needs than those that do not?
- Would television audience recall faster that commercials that tend to satisfy their needs than those that do not?
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H1. Uninterrupted television programmes appeal more to regular viewers than non-regular viewers.
Ho. Uninterrupted television programmes do not appeal more to regular viewers than to non-regular viewers.
H2. Viewers would prefer their unfavourite programmes to be interrupted by commercials than their favourite programs.
H3. Television audience will pay more attention to commercials that tend to satisfy their needs than to commercials that do not tend to satisfy their needs.
Ho. Television audience will not pay more attention to commercials that tends to satisfy their needs than to commercials that do not tend to satisfy their needs.
H4. Television audience will recall faster commercials that tend to satisfy their needs than those that do not tend to satisfy.
CONCEPTIONAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF
VARIABLES
In every research study, it is very important that the key variables in the research topic and hypothesis formulated to test them are defined, by this definition, we give meanings to the key terms or variables in the study. The definition will not only help to explain the variables to our fellow scientists but will also make it possible for any body who reads our work to fellow and understand it. Therefore, its very necessary at this point of this work, to define the key variables in this research topic. “The attitude of television audience in Enugu towards commercial interruption of television programmes” conceptually and operationally, while the conceptual definition refers to the dictionary or literal meaning, the operational definition refers to the meaning in terms of our study, re-what it means to define it so that people will know what it means. Variable means a term or a concept stated in value in order words the value assigned to the terms we are using in this study.
DEFINITION OF TERMS VARIA BLES.
ATTITUDE: Conceptually attitude means a way of feeling, thinking or
behaving, it is also a psychological predisposition that allows a person to
behave in a certain way towards objects, people or action “Onyekwere
E.E.
(1988). Unpublished lecture note. Operationally, attitude refers to
television viewer’s reactions, feelings, thinking and behaviours when they
see commercials or advertisements interrupting any television
programmes they are watching. Are they happy, irritated or are they
indifferent to such commercials.
AUDIENCE: Conceptually, audience means a gathering of persons for the
purpose of hearing a speaker or a singer. It also means person’s within
hearing whether they are together or not, as in broadcast. Operationally,
television programmes. It includes men and women, young and old, adults
and children.
COMMERCIAL: Conceptually, commercial means pertaining to
commerce. Operationally, it refers to advertisements inserted in television
programmes.
INTERRUPTION: Literally, this means a break in the continuity of speech,
traffic or a program operationally, it refers to a break in any television
programmes already started to slot in any advertisement. Therefore,
commercial interruption as it applies to our study refers to any break in
television programmes already start3ed to slot in any advertisement.
PROGRAMME: Programme literally, means a lot of items or events for
context or to be broadcast for radio or television. Operationally programmes
refer to a schedule of events to be broadcast by television houses. These
television houses do have many viewers each day. They could be news,
advertisement or entertainment programmes like the Guilt, Jagwa, Mr. B,
family circle, Tales by moonlight. We shall also seize this opportunity to
operationally the variables in our hypothesis for a clearer understanding of
our work.
REGULAR: Literally, regular means doing something at the same time
everyday. Operationally, regular viewers refers to anybody who watches
television programmes daily or everyday.
NON-REGULAR
VIEWERS: This refers to people who do not watch television programmes
daily.
APPEAL: Literally, appeal means to attract, move the feeling of
operationally, appeal means the attraction television programmes have for
some people, this makes them to watch it daily.
FAVOURITE: Conceptually, favourite means not preferred above others.
Operationally, it refers to those programmes which people or viewers do
not prefer above others. It does not matter whether they watch them or not.
MORE: Conceptually, more means greater in number or degree. But
operationally, more refers to greater number of people i.e. commercials that attracts greater number of people.
ENUGU: Conceptually refers to the capital of Enugu state. Operationally, it refers to television viewers in the town.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
No research carried out in any field of human endeavour could be said to be perfect or without limitations. Therefore, we cannot delude ourselves that this study will take into account all that is required in the field. The mere fact that this researcher is venturing into the field for the first time is a limitation of its own, no matter the carefulness in the pains that will be taken in conducting the research, there must be some errors.
Another limitation of the study, stem form eh fact that data for the study were collected from television audience in Enugu only, due to finance time and energy constraints and also due to the proximity of the city to the researcher. Otherwise, the study would have been extended to other states of the federation. One common limitation which effects most researcher in this country which will equally affect its, the researcher of this study is that of analyzing the data collected manually instead of using computers. A researcher who is not good in figures will waste all his precious time on this.
Another limitation is that the study is being carried out in partial fulfillment of O.N.D, ordinarily National Diploma in Mass Communication, this makes the study to become a victim of divided loyalties. One to the research and one to the diploma requirement besides, the time duration set for this is usually too short.
Finally, considering the sample population of 200 respondent from Enugu which was used for the study, it will be very inappropriate and presumptions to generalize the result obtained to the whole federation. This is because the research is on attitude and considering the fact that Nigeria is a plural society, it will therefore be misleading to think that people all over the federation will react in the same manner to commercial interruption to television programmes.
ASSUMPTION
Assumption is nothing more than what the researcher had in mind before choosing the topic and embarking on the study. It is on this premise that we make the following assumptions. It is assumed that Enugu, the urban area under study has a long history of television broadcast therefore, it will a large and variegated audience of people who watch television programmes and who are also exposed to commercial message.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: ATTITUDE OF TELEVISION AUDIENCE TOWARDS COMMERCIAL INTERRUPTION OF TELEVISION PROGRAMMES
|
|
|
ABSTRACT
|
| Tourism Boards are established by various government to accrue revenue. And the tourism Boards cannot have the revenue without letting the general populace know what they have to offer. And this can be done through any of the promotional mix variables.
This research work is aimed at finding out the role advertising plays in tourism development. Chapter one contains a general discussion of the role advertising plays in tourism development. It went further to state the problem to be studied and why this study was carried out the scope, limitation of the study and finally the significance of the study and the definition of term.
A number of post – related literatures examined by other studies as it relates to the role of advertising in tourism. Development were highlighted in chapter two. Chapter three deals with the design of the study, the method used in collecting relevant data. It also deals with the way the questionnaires were distributed and the treatment of data. The data got from the research survey were analyzed and interpreted.
Finally, the summary of findings, conclusion on the research and recommendations made by the researcher are all in chapter five. If tourism boards put the recommendation made in the study to use, they will satisfy their customers and also increase in profit level. Thereby making the problems of tourism a thing of the past. |
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Advertising is one phrase that has been given different definitions by authors and these definitions in various ways portray what advertising is all about.
According to Tother (1988) advertising refers to any non personal or one – way form of communication conducted through paid media under dear sponsorship.
Stanton W.J (1983) says that advertising consist of all the activity involved in presenting to a group, a non – personal, oral or usual, openly sponsored message regarding a product, service or idea.
According to American marketing association (1960) “advertising can be defined as any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor”.
In (2002) Rotler defined, advertising as any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor.
From the above definitions, it is obvious that advertising is a paid communication undertaken by an identified sponsor and governing all business activities. These activities may include placement of announcement and messages of products and services on the television, radio, magazines, newspaper, outdoor leaflets etc. with the aim of creation awareness.
Advertising is important at the introductory stage because when a company introduces a new product or services, it has to inform its potential customers of the existence of such product or services. The need for it, where it can be found, how it can be used and in some cases the price at which it can be obtained. It is also very important in sustaining already existing product or services in the market. This is because one cannot take up an airplane and cut often the engine. Advertising is the force that elevate the products or services high and if it is suddenly cut off there will be a downward phase of the product and services.
Moreover, advertising has proved to be more efficient and less costly source of information than any other sources (Wright et al 1983). Another important aspect of advertising is that it creates or stimulates demand for a product or service through persuasion.
Advertising creates demand for a product or services where such a demand did not previously exist and even where there is such demand for such products or services. Thus, government, social organization have all used advertising and even religious organizations use advertising, so, advertising is not for only business firms but also for other organization. Advertisements are cost effective way to disseminalte messages, where to build brand preference for a product and / service or to educate people to avoid hard drugs.
Organizations handle their advertising in different ways. In small companies, advertising is handled by someone in the sales or marketing department, who works with an advertising agency. A large company will often set up its own advertising department, whose manager reports to the vice president of marketing. The advertising departments job is to propose a budge and handle direct mail advertising, dealer displays and other forms of advertising, most companies use an outside agency to help create advertising campaign and to select and purchase media.
Advertising has a carnjorer affect that lasts beyond the current period. Although advertising is treated as a current expense, part of it is really an investment that builds up an intangible asset called brand equity. When N5m is spent on capital equipment, the equipment may be treated as a five year depreciable asset and only one fifth of the cost is written off in the first year. When N5m is spent on advertising to launch a new product, the entire cost must be written off in the first year.
Thus treatment of advertising reduces the company’s reported profit and therefore limits the number of new products launches a company can undertake in any one year.
This study however is not aimed at all aspects of advertising, in tourism development in Enugu state. And the study is to bring into limehgut how advertising has played a major role in the states tourism bard, Enugu has been selected as the case organization.
Decree 54 of 1976 established a body known as the Nigeria tourism board. The same decree 54 gave rise to tourism committees at the state level and at the local government level, within of the sort was in existence – but on the 31st of Dec. 1997 the decree was charged by decree 81, which changed the name of the body from Nigeria tourism board to Nigeria tourism development cooperation which has its head office at Abuja. The same decree 81 created 36 state tourism boards. And at the local government level 774 tourism committees were created by decree 81 of 1992. Enugu state tourism board is the charge of all tourism attractions in the stage like business tourism, educations tourism etc.
And due to the hospitability of the people of the state and peaceful atmosphere, the state tourism board advertises to the general public the tourism attractions in the state by the publication, tourism today and through electronic media.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Enugu state have for sometime been experiencing immense improvement in tourism. The state s one of the few states in the country that is being patronized in terms of tourism and Enugu state tourism board Enugu is the body behind the development of tourism in the state. And the state tourism board has many tourism attractions like arts etc. in tourism, Enugu state is not the only state that has tourism board but its services is always being sought by tourists in the country and foreign tourists.
And in study the researcher intends to find out: why Enugu state tourism board is a success in tourism? Is the success as a result of the role advertising play? Why do people prefer the state tourism centers to other states tourism centers? Is advertising hereasing the demand for tourism in the state?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is very timely because many company executives are still not sure of how much attention and money that will be accrued to advertising. Marketing managers stand to benefit tremendously by this study because the study will make clearer the role of advertising in business, which cannot be replaced by any other promotion. Marketing will be complete without advertising because it stands out in the crowd. This study will help to correct the impression in some marketing managers that advertising is mearnt to generate as much sales as possible not minding the means. They will lean through this study that advertising must not over step social and legal norms.
This study will be of immense benefit to all state governments in Nigeria, also to the organized private sector. The study will make known the important role of advertising in both tangible products and / services. And the study will enable the federal, state and local governments to stop wasting huge sums of money, which are not being channeled well. And the study will make the country’s aspiration of high economic growth and development in this democratic dispensation attainable.
The marketing students are not least out of the benefits. The study is educational and exposition in the sense that students will be exposed more to the exciting part of advertising. The role advertising plays in business may have abscured to the student but through this study the researcher intends to shed more light on it.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
To find out the role advertising plays in the development of tourism the researcher intends looking at these objectives in the cause of the study:
i. To find out how advertising stimulate demand in tourism
ii. To find out the role advertising plays in the development of tourism
iii. To appraise whether advertising has really contributed favourably to tourism development in Enugu state
iv. Determine the extent advertising have gone in increase of tourism development in Enugu state
v. To find out how advertising contribute to the dissemination of product or service to target markets.
vi. To appraise the contribution of advertising to profitability in tourism development
vii. And to make recommendations as to how to make advertising more effective and efficient in tourism development.
STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothetical statement are designed to help the researcher in his analysis. They are represented both in null and alternative hypothesis. Ho is used for null hypothesis while Hi for alternative hypothesis.
HYPOTHESIS I
Ho: Advertising does not favour tourism development
Hi: Advertising affects tourism development favourally.
HYPOTHESIS II
Ho: Advertising has not enhanced operational efficiency and effectiveness in Enugu state tourism board Enugu
Hi: Advertising has enhanced operational efficiency and effectiveness in Enugu state tourism board Enugu.
HYPOTHESIS III
Ho: The use of advertising has not been of help to Enugu tourism board, Enugu
Hi: The use of advertising has been of immense help to Enugu state tourism board, Enugu.
HYPOTHESIS IV
Ho: Advertising does not effectively inform the consumers of the services rendered by Enugu state tourism board, Enugu
Hi: Advertising informs the consumers effectively of the services that Enugu state tourism board can render.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study will be on the role of advertising in tourism development. And the study will be carried out in Enugu metropolis. It is a case study of Enugu state tourism board, Enugu.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
