ABSTRACT
This project is based on time series analysis of quarterly registration of motor vehicles in Asaba Delta-state (1993 –2002) the whole project is divided into five chapters.
Chapter one, deals with the introduction aspect of the study.
Chapter two, the literature review, makes reference to other people’s work that are similar to this study.
Chapter three and four of this project work deal with the analysis of the time series data collected, filling of models, identification, forecasting.
Chapter five, consists of finding, conclusions and recommendation.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page ii
Certificate page iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgment v
Abstract vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Purpose of study 3
1.3 Significance of the study 3
1.4 Limitation 4
1.5 Scope of study 4
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review 5
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology 8
3.0 Introduction 8
3.1 Source of data 8
3.2 Data analysis techniques 9
3.3 Time series analysis 9
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data presentation and analysis 14
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Findings 26
5.2 Conclusion 26
5.3 Recommendation 27
Appendix 28
Bibliography 29
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Motor vehicle evolves from the horse drawn carriage, it’s near relative from the horse drawn carriage, it near relative the stream carriage and perhaps the 19th century tricycle, but as the year went by gradually. Lost it likeness to any of it progenitor. All these at each stage of development were each used for transportation which help to limit and eventually abandon the use of animals and foot for transportation.
Every vehicle kept or used on, only public road must be registered and the appropriate vehicle license fee paid in respect of it. This is done by applying for a motor vehicle license.
The board of internal revenue which was known to be the revenue division of ministry of finance is the authority responsible for the insurance of vehicle license in the state. This board has motor licensing office in the various local government areas and the licensing offices in the various local government areas gives the monthly report to the state board.
There are two classes of vehicles which can be registered. They are the one that is import from outside the country or manufacture in the country that needed a change of registration for the new national identification scheme. the former require the former to fill the national motor vehicle administration form in duplicate signed by the customer. The document will be sent to the motor licensing officer in charge to verify the genuity of the document. If they are confirmed to be genuine, he will ask for two passport of the customer and mandate a registration clerk to register the vehicle before he signs. The customers pay the registration fee depending on the type of vehicle and the national vehicle administration form (N.V.A.F) is forward to the road safety commission for filling.
While the later is supervised by the federal road safety commission filling. The local government council will require all the vehicles to change their number plate and request for registration. General motor receipt each of which is to be photocopied in duplicate, the four copies of the (N.M.V.F) form will be filled and present to the motor vehicle licensing office for verification before mandating the registration clerk to register.
This registration exercise help the customer and the police to recover his/her vehicle if lost, it safe guide us against security purpose, easy identification, uniformity and revenue collection which is the source of our national income.
1.2 PURPOSE OF STUDY
- To determine the trend of registration of motor vehicle in Asaba, Delta state from the year 1993 – 2002.
- To forecast the number of motor vehicle registered in Asaba, Delta state for 2003 – 2004
3. To make recommendation and conclusion on the registration of motor vehicle in Asaba, Delta state
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this research will help to establish the performance of the scheme and to find out about operational problem facing the registration system. This research work will give the internal revenue board to introduce measure and policies that will encourage the registration officers to run the operations it will also review the operation and activities of the board of internal revenue through which improvement can be accomplished and serves as a reference point to future researchers.
1.4 LIMITATION
Due to the high cost of transportation, lack of sufficient time series analysis and other problem that might have confronted the researcher, it become imperative to get the best and of a rather difficult and challenging situation
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY
The researcher will focus his research on Asaba Area of Delta- state. This will enhance an indebt study which may be duplicated in other place by other researchers, to confirm or disapprove it’s kindling. In this study only the time series analysis of the registration of motor vehicle is considered.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
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OR
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Tags: TIME SERIES ANALYSIS ON THE REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ASABA DELTA STATE 1993-2002)
ABSTRACT
This project is based on time series analysis of quarterly registration of motor vehicles in Asaba Delta-state (1993 –2002) the whole project is divided into five chapters.
Chapter one, deals with the introduction aspect of the study.
Chapter two, the literature review, makes reference to other people’s work that are similar to this study.
Chapter three and four of this project work deal with the analysis of the time series data collected, filling of models, identification, forecasting.
Chapter five, consists of finding, conclusions and recommendation.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page ii
Certificate page iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgment v
Abstract vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Purpose of study 3
1.3 Significance of the study 3
1.4 Limitation 4
1.5 Scope of study 4
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review 5
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology 8
3.0 Introduction 8
3.1 Source of data 8
3.2 Data analysis techniques 9
3.3 Time series analysis 9
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data presentation and analysis 14
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Findings 26
5.2 Conclusion 26
5.3 Recommendation 27
Appendix 28
Bibliography 29
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Motor vehicle evolves from the horse drawn carriage, it’s near relative from the horse drawn carriage, it near relative the stream carriage and perhaps the 19th century tricycle, but as the year went by gradually. Lost it likeness to any of it progenitor. All these at each stage of development were each used for transportation which help to limit and eventually abandon the use of animals and foot for transportation.
Every vehicle kept or used on, only public road must be registered and the appropriate vehicle license fee paid in respect of it. This is done by applying for a motor vehicle license.
The board of internal revenue which was known to be the revenue division of ministry of finance is the authority responsible for the insurance of vehicle license in the state. This board has motor licensing office in the various local government areas and the licensing offices in the various local government areas gives the monthly report to the state board.
There are two classes of vehicles which can be registered. They are the one that is import from outside the country or manufacture in the country that needed a change of registration for the new national identification scheme. the former require the former to fill the national motor vehicle administration form in duplicate signed by the customer. The document will be sent to the motor licensing officer in charge to verify the genuity of the document. If they are confirmed to be genuine, he will ask for two passport of the customer and mandate a registration clerk to register the vehicle before he signs. The customers pay the registration fee depending on the type of vehicle and the national vehicle administration form (N.V.A.F) is forward to the road safety commission for filling.
While the later is supervised by the federal road safety commission filling. The local government council will require all the vehicles to change their number plate and request for registration. General motor receipt each of which is to be photocopied in duplicate, the four copies of the (N.M.V.F) form will be filled and present to the motor vehicle licensing office for verification before mandating the registration clerk to register.
This registration exercise help the customer and the police to recover his/her vehicle if lost, it safe guide us against security purpose, easy identification, uniformity and revenue collection which is the source of our national income.
1.2 PURPOSE OF STUDY
- To determine the trend of registration of motor vehicle in Asaba, Delta state from the year 1993 – 2002.
- To forecast the number of motor vehicle registered in Asaba, Delta state for 2003 – 2004
3. To make recommendation and conclusion on the registration of motor vehicle in Asaba, Delta state
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this research will help to establish the performance of the scheme and to find out about operational problem facing the registration system. This research work will give the internal revenue board to introduce measure and policies that will encourage the registration officers to run the operations it will also review the operation and activities of the board of internal revenue through which improvement can be accomplished and serves as a reference point to future researchers.
1.4 LIMITATION
Due to the high cost of transportation, lack of sufficient time series analysis and other problem that might have confronted the researcher, it become imperative to get the best and of a rather difficult and challenging situation
1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY
The researcher will focus his research on Asaba Area of Delta- state. This will enhance an indebt study which may be duplicated in other place by other researchers, to confirm or disapprove it’s kindling. In this study only the time series analysis of the registration of motor vehicle is considered.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
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No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
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Tags: TIME SERIES ANALYSIS ON THE REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ASABA DELTA STATE 1993-2002)
ABSTRACT
This work discusses statistical analysis of coal production(a case study of nigeria coal corporation, 1990-1999). A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among employees from nigeria coal corporation. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that coal production have a strong and significant positive impact on the Nigeria economy.
.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
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OR
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Bank: UBA.
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That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
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Tags: 1990-1999), STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF COAL PRODUCTION(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA COAL CORPORATION
ABSTRACT
This work discusses statistical analysis of coal production(a case study of nigeria coal corporation, 1990-1999). A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among employees from nigeria coal corporation. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that coal production have a strong and significant positive impact on the Nigeria economy.
.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
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08068231953 or 08168759420
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(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
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BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
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No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
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www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: 1990-1999), STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF COAL PRODUCTION(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA COAL CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.5 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
1.6 PROBLEMS OF DATA COLLECT
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOY
3.1 CHI-SQUARE TEST OF INDEPENDENCE
3.2 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA) TWO-WAY
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
3.3 METHOD OF LEAST SQUARE
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 ANALYSIS OF DATA IN TABLE 4
4.2 ANALYSIS OF DATA IN TABLE 5
4.3 INVESTIGATION OF SEASONAL PATTERN OF
OCCURENCE OF ROAD ACCIDENT & TREND
4.4 ANALYSIS OF DATA IN TABLE 6
4.5 INVESTIGATION OF SEASONAL PATTERN OF
OCCURRENCE OF DEATHS OF THE RTA & TREND
4.6 ANALYSIS OF DATA IN TABLE 7
4.7 PRESENTATION OF THE RTA IN ENUGU STATE
ON A HISTROGRAM
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
5.1 RECOMMENDATION
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: CONTINGENCY TABLE
TABLE 2: TWO-WAY ANOVA TABLE
TABLE 3: TWO-WAY ANOVA (CROSS EFFECT) TABLE
TABLE 4: NUMBER OF ROAD ACCIDENT BY CAUSES AND TYPE OF VEHICLE (1993 – 2000)
TABLE 5: ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT DATA ACCIDDENT DATA (1993 – 2000)
TABLE 6: ROAD TRAFFIC DEATH RECORD (1993 – 2000)
TABLE 7: TOTAL NUMBER OF ACCIDENT IN ENUGU (1993 – 2000)
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In the world today, transportation which is the conveyance of goods and passengers from one phase to another or the movement of commuter and their goods, produce and products, and/or they themselves from one location to another have played an important role in the development process, thus, serving as one of the aspects of developmental change indicators and structural well-being of the society and government among other sectors or areas of the world socio-economic development. It provides room not only for transaction of business to take place, market possibility for our goods, produce and products produced, but also makes it possible for such to reach the find consumer(s).
For instance, in Costa Rica, before the inter America – highway was constructed, driving beed cattle on the hoof from grazing lands to San Jose often resulted in a 40 percent less of weight, and imports were necessary to supply local needs. But with and weather highway, it was possible to deliver truck-traider units of cattle over night, and costs Rica become self-supporting in meet. Also in Bolivia, the highway from cochabamba to santa cruz reduced the travel time in the rainy season from several weeks to fifteen hours and provided a link between the country’s food supplies and its people. Until then the price of home-grown rice was 50 percent higher than the imported rice because of the high cost of transport. Furthermore, transportation as an integral part of national production and distribution system calls for its development, improvement and better network system as to necessitate or provide a means of servicing domestic and international market.
This is of primary importance in the early stages of economic development because it promotes an accumulation of capital, which allows the economy to progress from the subsistence level at which most production is consumed locally. Therefore, transportation and other government programmes such as education and health care, necessarily compete for public expenditures particularly in the underdeveloped countries.
From the foregoing, the developed nation are efficient and effective in transport business as a result of their improvement and technological advancement over the years.
Nigeria has one of the most modern and best development transport systems – roil, road, air and in-land waterings which transverse the length and breath of the country to link the industrial, commercial, and agricultural centers, that is to say, transportation in Nigeria is traditionally under four major mades namely;- road, rail, water and air. However, in this study, the researcher zeros down to road transport.
In Nigeria road network, roads are categorized into three; the truck A roads which is the responsibility of the federal Government, truck B roads which is the responsibility of the state Government and the third category-truck C which is the responsibility of the local Government. Whether truck A, truck B, and truck C roads, these roads are used by the motorists, cyclists, pedestrians either to convey their passengers, goods, produce, products or to reach, transact and communicate with another n different destination. Road transportation has not only been discovered as the cheapest means of transportation but also provides door-to-door transport services and delivery of goods.
But apart from road congestion which is symptom of the availability of insufficient road space to satisfy, with but difficulty, all demands made upon it, road accident is another difficulty task in traffic management schemes and has been of much concern to various governments of our timer hence, the concern of any well-organised government is how to identify and minimize (if possible curb) the high rate of accidents on our roads today.
We are aware of the number of deaths on the highway being recorded these days. This places a question mark on the value we attach to human life and property. It is clear on the basis of logic backed by observations that certain people have worse accident records than others. This research will investigate why it is so and would also proffer suggestions to check the ugly trends people who drive recklessly or dangerously are potential victims of accidents and are prone to such conditions. They also constitute a nuisance to the society.
Most accidents have been caused by a whole lot of actors. Prominent among them are as listed below:
1. Over-Speeding: Some times may be due to greediness or the tendency to drive as many turn as possible always want to be at the head of others, without considering the consequences. By so doing they neglect road signs warnings and road traffic regulations and laws. Thus, the risk of some dangerous.
2. Drugs/Alcohol: The side effects of drugs or alcohol our body cannot be over emphasized. These cause drowsiness and finally sleep when during. They lead to wrong calculations and loss of regard to lvies of human beings and property of such driver concerned. Some causes excessive alertness and nervousness, loss of control and finally a breakdown of the body system of such person involved.
3. Roads (Road Accidents Immuned Delusion Syndrome): Some drivers because they have driven a particular vehicle for years, taxy develop the feeling that they have overmastered the vehicle and also fully experienced do believe that they cannot be involved in road traffic accident, others or other drivers because of their belief either a shrine, ring, talisman, etc. do believe that they cannot be involved and/or die in road accident, they drive without regard to road traffic regulations and other road users.
4. The Road: The construction of the road matters a lot. Roads with multiple bands experience many accidents. Poorly constructed road witness many accidents e.g. presence of informal bymps, very narrow roads. Roads that are poorly maintained cause a lot of accidents. The absence of road signs also contributes to road accidents e.g to show construction sites, narrow bridges, cross roads, bumps, “T” junction etc.
5. Negligence of road Signs: Most Nigeria drivers are so illiterate that they cannot read road signs and as such endanger their lives and the lives of others and property.
6. Aggression: This is psychological. Also result of or may be due to lack of sleep in the previous night due to one problem or the other. The driver then wake up annoyed and aggressive. He jumps into the vehicle without the morning drills, quarrels with the vehicle passengers, co-drivers and road traffic officers etc. thus the risk of accident victimized and even others.
7. The Weather: This comprises the rain and the sun and their effects on the roads. The rains wet the roads and make them slippery therefore, tyres treads loase grip of the roads and render braking almost impossible as and when desired. The sun heats up the tar on the road which in tam heats up the tyres. When this happens, weak tyres tends to burst very easily. Both conditions causes accidents on our road if not observed.
8. Topography: This includes hilly, rocky forest and savanna areas. Areas where the roads run in between hills particularly with dedling rock constitute a lot danger to road users. Where such exits, viewing distance are shortened, the rocks can fall into the road at any time and cause accidents. Likewise where roads run across forests, trees, and/or their branches, many fall into the road and where this is not noticed in a good time, they can cause serious accidents. Animal shiving is the forests can cross the roads at any time while grazing animals common in the savanna requires can also cause accidents.
9. Carelessness of Pedestrians: The other road user that is seen as the commonest – the pedestrian(s) may out of illiteracy and inexperience in using the road disobey the road traffic sign by crossing when it is not due for him or her to do so. Or cross the busy road without looking left or tight as to see when the road is free for crossing.
10. Foods: It takes many drivers time to understand the effect of some foods on their body. Most eat one type of food because others do. They fail to understand that, while some people or such people will be active after a heavy food, others or themselves imitating feel dull and will be sleeping after such a heavy food and thus, endangering their lives and property while driving.
1.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS
Several aspects of road transport negative impact (road accident) on the society have already been discussed. Some additional negative effects deserve mention. Road accidents have significant effects, which they impact. Adversely on the economic and social welfare of a nation. The effects on the economy usually take the form of costs which under certain circumstance can be measured. Some of these costs; private costs are borne by those responsible for the accident, while others are social in nature in that society as a whole bears them. In this section, the study examines specific effects of road accidents.
1. Traffic hold-up and associated waste: When an accident occurs, the most easily observed effect is a rapidly built-up traffic holdup. In the process, fuel is wasted, engines are overheated, delays lead to lost business and social opportunities. The direct effect is a showed down and more expansive business transactions.
2. Destruction of motor vehicle: Road accidents usually entail the complete destruction of motor vehicle involved. In some cases, the vehicles are salvaged at considerable cost to owners. In Nigerian environment, accidental vehicles are either left on the scene of accidents indefinitely or are towed away to police stations where they are similarly abandoned. The implication of this practice is that scrap value of such vehicle is lot to the economy and stock of transportation, facilities necessary to move people and goods from place to place is reduced. The opportunities for realizing gains from within an integrated economic systems are lost, and the welfare of citizen earlier mentioned corresponding reduced. Loss to the economy arising from road accidents is easily measurable.
3. Destruction of transport infrastructure: Accidents destroy valuable road transport infrastructure whose replacement would cost multiples of the original capital expenditure. These costs are significantly foreign exchange are imported. Components of transport infrastructure that may be damaged include;
i. Roads
ii. Bridges
iii. Culverts etc
Thus, resulting to capital reduction instead of capital accumulation.
4. Destruction of other infrastructure: Road accidents also destroy other infrastructure such as telecommunication poles and wires, electricity poles and transformers, real estate including residential and office buildings. Damage to these infrastructure disrupt electricity supply, telecommunications services and normal office facilities; all these tend to show down normal economic and social transactions with adverse consequences on the quality of life.
5. Short supply of goods: Accidents cause the damage or destruction of goods being transported. The loss reduces total quantity of goods available for consumption by the final consumer(s) and reduces profits for or made by the companies whose goods are destroy. Where insurance cover is provided, cost of damage are passed on the insurance companies thus, reducing their capital gain if the goods are essential for normal subsistence, large scale destruction may necessitate importation which would either place a downward pressure on foreign exchange rates or lead to substantial devaluation of the exchange rate in a system of flexible exchange rates.
6. Medical bills for treating accident victims: Medical bills of accident victims are some of the adverse effect of road accidents. Treatment in the orthopedic hospitals is time-consuming and expensive, after discharge of patients, the ability of such a person to perform duties is usually reduced. This has adverse effect on production in the economy.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of this project are to;
1. Identify the causes of road accident in Enugu and compare the attendant fatalities/deaths.
2. Ascertain whether the causes of road accident are unrelated with vehicles.
3. Investigate whether there is any seasonal pattern of occurrence of road accidents and trend and/or compare the number of cases.
4. Establish the trend of road accident over the years.
5. Recommend methods or ways of reducing road accidents to the Enugu State Government, the institutions concerned for traffic management and enforcement of the laws within the geo-political entity and the road users.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study would help the government, the general public, the Nigerian Police Force, the Federal Road Safety Commission and other agencies concerned with safety on our roads in the following ways:
1. It will help the Federal Road Safety Commission and other authorities concerned with similar assignment to assess their performance over the years.
2. It will help the Federal and state governments particularly Enugu State to articulate policies on road transportation and safety, such policies will form the basis of planning the socio-economic infrastructure necessary to ensure safety and enhance the performance of road users.
3. it will help the Federal Road, Safety Commission and other institutions concerned organizing sensitization workshop on seminars programmes for road users ascertain the positive impact of such workshop or seminar being organized.
4. It will awaken the sense of responsibility of road users and government.
5. It will help reduce or put to a stop the ill attitude poster by some of the law enforcement agencies (the Nigerian Police N20 syndrome) hindering the reduction of road accident.
1.4 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
The data used for this project work were collected internally in secondary form. Secondary data imply statistical materials or information not originated or obtained by the investigator himself, but obtain from someone’s record or published source such as the central bank, government agencies and non-governmental duties such as universities, research institutes etc. The data were however, provided by Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) Enugu Division and the Federal Road Safety Commission, Enugu Sector Command.
1.5 PROBLEMS OF THE DATA COLLECTION
The problems encountered during collection of data cannot all be stated here. This research work posed a lot of problems. Since the researcher did not originally collect the data, there was mistrust between the primary users and the secondary user of the data. It took me a lot of money, time and energy traveling from my destination to the office of the Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) and that of the Federal Road Safety Commission all in Enugu, so as to get the relevant data for this research work. This made me to miss most of my lecture hours and also disappointed my supervisor Mr. Pius Ugwu by not coming when I promised to see him several times.
It was very difficult to collect the relevant data from these offices because they said that they couldn’t release the data for security reasons. But after presenting letters from my Department Head Mr. Nwagbara G.P. dated 4th July, 2005, the desired information was given to me.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#10000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.5 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
1.6 PROBLEMS OF DATA COLLECT
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOY
3.1 CHI-SQUARE TEST OF INDEPENDENCE
3.2 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA) TWO-WAY
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
3.3 METHOD OF LEAST SQUARE
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 ANALYSIS OF DATA IN TABLE 4
4.2 ANALYSIS OF DATA IN TABLE 5
4.3 INVESTIGATION OF SEASONAL PATTERN OF
OCCURENCE OF ROAD ACCIDENT & TREND
4.4 ANALYSIS OF DATA IN TABLE 6
4.5 INVESTIGATION OF SEASONAL PATTERN OF
OCCURRENCE OF DEATHS OF THE RTA & TREND
4.6 ANALYSIS OF DATA IN TABLE 7
4.7 PRESENTATION OF THE RTA IN ENUGU STATE
ON A HISTROGRAM
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
5.1 RECOMMENDATION
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: CONTINGENCY TABLE
TABLE 2: TWO-WAY ANOVA TABLE
TABLE 3: TWO-WAY ANOVA (CROSS EFFECT) TABLE
TABLE 4: NUMBER OF ROAD ACCIDENT BY CAUSES AND TYPE OF VEHICLE (1993 – 2000)
TABLE 5: ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT DATA ACCIDDENT DATA (1993 – 2000)
TABLE 6: ROAD TRAFFIC DEATH RECORD (1993 – 2000)
TABLE 7: TOTAL NUMBER OF ACCIDENT IN ENUGU (1993 – 2000)
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In the world today, transportation which is the conveyance of goods and passengers from one phase to another or the movement of commuter and their goods, produce and products, and/or they themselves from one location to another have played an important role in the development process, thus, serving as one of the aspects of developmental change indicators and structural well-being of the society and government among other sectors or areas of the world socio-economic development. It provides room not only for transaction of business to take place, market possibility for our goods, produce and products produced, but also makes it possible for such to reach the find consumer(s).
For instance, in Costa Rica, before the inter America – highway was constructed, driving beed cattle on the hoof from grazing lands to San Jose often resulted in a 40 percent less of weight, and imports were necessary to supply local needs. But with and weather highway, it was possible to deliver truck-traider units of cattle over night, and costs Rica become self-supporting in meet. Also in Bolivia, the highway from cochabamba to santa cruz reduced the travel time in the rainy season from several weeks to fifteen hours and provided a link between the country’s food supplies and its people. Until then the price of home-grown rice was 50 percent higher than the imported rice because of the high cost of transport. Furthermore, transportation as an integral part of national production and distribution system calls for its development, improvement and better network system as to necessitate or provide a means of servicing domestic and international market.
This is of primary importance in the early stages of economic development because it promotes an accumulation of capital, which allows the economy to progress from the subsistence level at which most production is consumed locally. Therefore, transportation and other government programmes such as education and health care, necessarily compete for public expenditures particularly in the underdeveloped countries.
From the foregoing, the developed nation are efficient and effective in transport business as a result of their improvement and technological advancement over the years.
Nigeria has one of the most modern and best development transport systems – roil, road, air and in-land waterings which transverse the length and breath of the country to link the industrial, commercial, and agricultural centers, that is to say, transportation in Nigeria is traditionally under four major mades namely;- road, rail, water and air. However, in this study, the researcher zeros down to road transport.
In Nigeria road network, roads are categorized into three; the truck A roads which is the responsibility of the federal Government, truck B roads which is the responsibility of the state Government and the third category-truck C which is the responsibility of the local Government. Whether truck A, truck B, and truck C roads, these roads are used by the motorists, cyclists, pedestrians either to convey their passengers, goods, produce, products or to reach, transact and communicate with another n different destination. Road transportation has not only been discovered as the cheapest means of transportation but also provides door-to-door transport services and delivery of goods.
But apart from road congestion which is symptom of the availability of insufficient road space to satisfy, with but difficulty, all demands made upon it, road accident is another difficulty task in traffic management schemes and has been of much concern to various governments of our timer hence, the concern of any well-organised government is how to identify and minimize (if possible curb) the high rate of accidents on our roads today.
We are aware of the number of deaths on the highway being recorded these days. This places a question mark on the value we attach to human life and property. It is clear on the basis of logic backed by observations that certain people have worse accident records than others. This research will investigate why it is so and would also proffer suggestions to check the ugly trends people who drive recklessly or dangerously are potential victims of accidents and are prone to such conditions. They also constitute a nuisance to the society.
Most accidents have been caused by a whole lot of actors. Prominent among them are as listed below:
1. Over-Speeding: Some times may be due to greediness or the tendency to drive as many turn as possible always want to be at the head of others, without considering the consequences. By so doing they neglect road signs warnings and road traffic regulations and laws. Thus, the risk of some dangerous.
2. Drugs/Alcohol: The side effects of drugs or alcohol our body cannot be over emphasized. These cause drowsiness and finally sleep when during. They lead to wrong calculations and loss of regard to lvies of human beings and property of such driver concerned. Some causes excessive alertness and nervousness, loss of control and finally a breakdown of the body system of such person involved.
3. Roads (Road Accidents Immuned Delusion Syndrome): Some drivers because they have driven a particular vehicle for years, taxy develop the feeling that they have overmastered the vehicle and also fully experienced do believe that they cannot be involved in road traffic accident, others or other drivers because of their belief either a shrine, ring, talisman, etc. do believe that they cannot be involved and/or die in road accident, they drive without regard to road traffic regulations and other road users.
4. The Road: The construction of the road matters a lot. Roads with multiple bands experience many accidents. Poorly constructed road witness many accidents e.g. presence of informal bymps, very narrow roads. Roads that are poorly maintained cause a lot of accidents. The absence of road signs also contributes to road accidents e.g to show construction sites, narrow bridges, cross roads, bumps, “T” junction etc.
5. Negligence of road Signs: Most Nigeria drivers are so illiterate that they cannot read road signs and as such endanger their lives and the lives of others and property.
6. Aggression: This is psychological. Also result of or may be due to lack of sleep in the previous night due to one problem or the other. The driver then wake up annoyed and aggressive. He jumps into the vehicle without the morning drills, quarrels with the vehicle passengers, co-drivers and road traffic officers etc. thus the risk of accident victimized and even others.
7. The Weather: This comprises the rain and the sun and their effects on the roads. The rains wet the roads and make them slippery therefore, tyres treads loase grip of the roads and render braking almost impossible as and when desired. The sun heats up the tar on the road which in tam heats up the tyres. When this happens, weak tyres tends to burst very easily. Both conditions causes accidents on our road if not observed.
8. Topography: This includes hilly, rocky forest and savanna areas. Areas where the roads run in between hills particularly with dedling rock constitute a lot danger to road users. Where such exits, viewing distance are shortened, the rocks can fall into the road at any time and cause accidents. Likewise where roads run across forests, trees, and/or their branches, many fall into the road and where this is not noticed in a good time, they can cause serious accidents. Animal shiving is the forests can cross the roads at any time while grazing animals common in the savanna requires can also cause accidents.
9. Carelessness of Pedestrians: The other road user that is seen as the commonest – the pedestrian(s) may out of illiteracy and inexperience in using the road disobey the road traffic sign by crossing when it is not due for him or her to do so. Or cross the busy road without looking left or tight as to see when the road is free for crossing.
10. Foods: It takes many drivers time to understand the effect of some foods on their body. Most eat one type of food because others do. They fail to understand that, while some people or such people will be active after a heavy food, others or themselves imitating feel dull and will be sleeping after such a heavy food and thus, endangering their lives and property while driving.
1.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS
Several aspects of road transport negative impact (road accident) on the society have already been discussed. Some additional negative effects deserve mention. Road accidents have significant effects, which they impact. Adversely on the economic and social welfare of a nation. The effects on the economy usually take the form of costs which under certain circumstance can be measured. Some of these costs; private costs are borne by those responsible for the accident, while others are social in nature in that society as a whole bears them. In this section, the study examines specific effects of road accidents.
1. Traffic hold-up and associated waste: When an accident occurs, the most easily observed effect is a rapidly built-up traffic holdup. In the process, fuel is wasted, engines are overheated, delays lead to lost business and social opportunities. The direct effect is a showed down and more expansive business transactions.
2. Destruction of motor vehicle: Road accidents usually entail the complete destruction of motor vehicle involved. In some cases, the vehicles are salvaged at considerable cost to owners. In Nigerian environment, accidental vehicles are either left on the scene of accidents indefinitely or are towed away to police stations where they are similarly abandoned. The implication of this practice is that scrap value of such vehicle is lot to the economy and stock of transportation, facilities necessary to move people and goods from place to place is reduced. The opportunities for realizing gains from within an integrated economic systems are lost, and the welfare of citizen earlier mentioned corresponding reduced. Loss to the economy arising from road accidents is easily measurable.
3. Destruction of transport infrastructure: Accidents destroy valuable road transport infrastructure whose replacement would cost multiples of the original capital expenditure. These costs are significantly foreign exchange are imported. Components of transport infrastructure that may be damaged include;
i. Roads
ii. Bridges
iii. Culverts etc
Thus, resulting to capital reduction instead of capital accumulation.
4. Destruction of other infrastructure: Road accidents also destroy other infrastructure such as telecommunication poles and wires, electricity poles and transformers, real estate including residential and office buildings. Damage to these infrastructure disrupt electricity supply, telecommunications services and normal office facilities; all these tend to show down normal economic and social transactions with adverse consequences on the quality of life.
5. Short supply of goods: Accidents cause the damage or destruction of goods being transported. The loss reduces total quantity of goods available for consumption by the final consumer(s) and reduces profits for or made by the companies whose goods are destroy. Where insurance cover is provided, cost of damage are passed on the insurance companies thus, reducing their capital gain if the goods are essential for normal subsistence, large scale destruction may necessitate importation which would either place a downward pressure on foreign exchange rates or lead to substantial devaluation of the exchange rate in a system of flexible exchange rates.
6. Medical bills for treating accident victims: Medical bills of accident victims are some of the adverse effect of road accidents. Treatment in the orthopedic hospitals is time-consuming and expensive, after discharge of patients, the ability of such a person to perform duties is usually reduced. This has adverse effect on production in the economy.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of this project are to;
1. Identify the causes of road accident in Enugu and compare the attendant fatalities/deaths.
2. Ascertain whether the causes of road accident are unrelated with vehicles.
3. Investigate whether there is any seasonal pattern of occurrence of road accidents and trend and/or compare the number of cases.
4. Establish the trend of road accident over the years.
5. Recommend methods or ways of reducing road accidents to the Enugu State Government, the institutions concerned for traffic management and enforcement of the laws within the geo-political entity and the road users.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study would help the government, the general public, the Nigerian Police Force, the Federal Road Safety Commission and other agencies concerned with safety on our roads in the following ways:
1. It will help the Federal Road Safety Commission and other authorities concerned with similar assignment to assess their performance over the years.
2. It will help the Federal and state governments particularly Enugu State to articulate policies on road transportation and safety, such policies will form the basis of planning the socio-economic infrastructure necessary to ensure safety and enhance the performance of road users.
3. it will help the Federal Road, Safety Commission and other institutions concerned organizing sensitization workshop on seminars programmes for road users ascertain the positive impact of such workshop or seminar being organized.
4. It will awaken the sense of responsibility of road users and government.
5. It will help reduce or put to a stop the ill attitude poster by some of the law enforcement agencies (the Nigerian Police N20 syndrome) hindering the reduction of road accident.
1.4 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
The data used for this project work were collected internally in secondary form. Secondary data imply statistical materials or information not originated or obtained by the investigator himself, but obtain from someone’s record or published source such as the central bank, government agencies and non-governmental duties such as universities, research institutes etc. The data were however, provided by Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) Enugu Division and the Federal Road Safety Commission, Enugu Sector Command.
1.5 PROBLEMS OF THE DATA COLLECTION
The problems encountered during collection of data cannot all be stated here. This research work posed a lot of problems. Since the researcher did not originally collect the data, there was mistrust between the primary users and the secondary user of the data. It took me a lot of money, time and energy traveling from my destination to the office of the Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) and that of the Federal Road Safety Commission all in Enugu, so as to get the relevant data for this research work. This made me to miss most of my lecture hours and also disappointed my supervisor Mr. Pius Ugwu by not coming when I promised to see him several times.
It was very difficult to collect the relevant data from these offices because they said that they couldn’t release the data for security reasons. But after presenting letters from my Department Head Mr. Nwagbara G.P. dated 4th July, 2005, the desired information was given to me.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ROAD ACCIDENTS (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Infant mortality rate is one of the most important indications of human development. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) according to is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1000 live births in a given year. Included in the IMR are the neonatal mortality rate (calculated from deaths occurring in the first four weeks of life), and post neonatal mortality rate (from deaths in the remainder of the first year). Neonatal deaths are further subdivided into early (first week) and late (second, third and fourth weeks). In prosperous countries, neonatal deaths account for about two-third of infant mortalities. The IMR is usually regarded more as a measure of social affluence than a measure of the quality of antenatal and obstetric care.
The infant mortality rate is widely accepted as one of the most useful single measure of health status of the community. The infant mortality rate may be very high in communities where health and social services are poorly developed. For example, the neonatal death rate is related to problems arising during pregnancy (congenital abnormalities, low birth weight); delivery (birth injuries, asphyxia), afterdelivery (tetanus, other infections). Thus, neonatal mortality rate is related to maternal and obstetric factors. Maternal mortality as a significant public health problem was first highlighted in 1987 at the first International Safe Motherhood Conference in Nairobi, Kenya. Current estimates of maternal mortality indicate that about 358 000 maternal deaths resulting from complications of pregnancy and childbirth occur annually1. For every maternal death, many more women suffer serious complications.
The causes of the vast majority of these deaths and complications namely obstetric haemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion, hypertensive disorders, and obstructed labour are preventable3. Maternal mortality is a reflection of women’s place in society and their lack of access to social, health and nutrition services, and to economic opportunities2. Introduction of improved asepsis, caesarean section, blood transfusion services, and improved prenatal care curtailed maternal mortality in industrialized nations almost a century ago4. However, access to these interventions is limited in developing countries.
There are several dimensions to maternal mortality. Fundamentally, a woman’s death during pregnancy or childbirth is not only a health issue but also a matter of social injustice2 reflecting the failure of communities and governments to promote safe motherhood as a human right5, 6. Maternal mortality also reflects disparities in socio-economic development. The overwhelming majority of maternal deaths occur in developing countries2. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia account for about 87% of all maternal deaths1. The lifetime risk of maternal death in sub-Saharan Africa is 1 in 31 compared to 1 in 4,300 in developed regions1. The higher risk in developing countries reflects limited quality of care and provision of maternal health services7,8. In sharp contrast, sequel to improvements in obstetric care over the past decades, a pregnant woman in the United Kingdom is reported to face a less than 1 in 19,020 risk of dying from obstetric complications directly related to the pregnant state9.
Goal five of the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) aims to achieve three-quarter reduction of maternal mortality by 201510. Previous estimates of maternal mortality ratio in Nigeria showed that there had been an increase from 80011 to 1 10012 per 100 000 live births. However, the 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for Nigeria showed a decline in maternal mortality with a maternal mortality ratio of 545 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births13. Facility-based data support the contention that maternal mortality is on the decline. However, the figures remain high14. High maternal mortality in Nigeria is supported by the finding that Nigeria, along with five other countries contributed more than 50% of all maternal deaths worldwide in 200815. Given the weak civic registration and national health information systems in many developing countries, these estimates remain guess work16. Therefore urgent initiatives to monitor maternal morbidity and mortality are imperative17 to provide reliable information for planning and evaluation.
The WHO Global Maternal and Perinatal Health Survey implemented in 2005 aimed to establish a global data system comprising a network of health facilities that will collect focused information on maternal and perinatal health to facilitate identification of morbidity and mortality, monitoring of use of interventions and programme evaluation. This report discusses maternal characteristics associated with maternal mortality in Nigeria.
Common as death may be, gathered statistics of mortality rate, when on the high side apparently becomes disturbing and more catastrophic,especially when the death figures are on theincrease among young children, as this stressesand indicates a future absent the human race. For this reason, health expertsand policy makers have allocated specialinterest to the developments and checkmating of rising child mortality rates. Not only has thisinterest stretched into the international scene, ithas attracted systematic approaches to reducingchild mortality by 2/3 among children under theage of five from 1990 and 2015 as tagged in the
Goals (MDGs) for public health workers,institutions and international developmentagencies. (Fox 2012).Despite this goal of reducing infant and childmortality rate as stated in the MDGs, Childmortality rates still remain unacceptably highespecially in sub-Saharan African countries,where close to 50 percent of childhood deathstakes place, even when the region accounts for only one fifth of the world’s child population(Mesike and Mojekwu 2012). For instance, insub-Saharan Africa, 1 in every 8 children dies before age five- nearly 20 times the average of 1in 167 in developed parts of the world(Mojekwu and Ajilola, 2011). Similarly,UNICEF (2010) in the state of the world ’s children report noted that 8.1 million children across the world who died in 2009 before their fifth birthday lived in developing countries anddied from a disease or a combination of diseases that could easily have been prevented or treated. It also noted that, half of these deaths occurred in just five countries namely, India, Nigeria, the democratic republic of Congo, Pakistan and China; with India and Nigeria both accountingfor one third of the total number of under fivedeaths worldwide. The report describes the phenomenon as disturbing and grosslyinsufficient to achieve the MDG goal by 2015as only 9 out of the 64 countries with high child mortality rate are on track to meet the MDGgoal.Several factors have been acclaimed to beresponsible for this ugly trend of high child andinfant mortality. Childhood illnesses such asvaccines preventable diseases (VPD), malaria,acute respiratory infections (ARI), and diarrhea contribute substantially to morbidity andmortality among children less than five yearsold. Data from National Health ManagementInformation Systems (NHMIS) shows thatmalaria is by far the most important cause of morbidity (38%) and mortality (28%) in infantsand children, while 75% of malaria deaths occur in children under five. Malaria also accounts for about 11% of maternal deaths, especially for thefirst-time mothers. Estimates show that 50% of the population has at least one episode of malaria each year, whereas children less than age five suffer from two to four attacks a year.Diarrheal illness is reported to be the secondmost common cause of infant deaths and themain cause of under-five mortality. Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) which include awide range of upper and lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia), commonly manifestingwith cough, fever and rapid breathing were themain cause of under-five morbidity and infant mortality. UNICEF (2009) indicated that 25%of the population carries the sickle cell trait, andabout 100,000 children born annually isreported to have a serious sickle cell disorder.Aside the health related factors influencingchild survival as mentioned above, there are non-health related or socio-economic factors that can affect a child’s survival. Examples are;
Female Literacy, the status of the mother regarding her level of participation in
household’s decision making, access to safe and
adequate sanitation, poverty, cultural andgender bias etc.The purpose of this study is to examine theimpact of this non-health related factors oninfant and child mortality rate in Nigeria.
(NDHS 2008).
1.2 PROBLEM OF THE STUYDY
The infant mortality rate is widely accepted as one of the most useful single measure of health status of the community. The infant mortality rate may be very high in communities where health and social services are poorly developed. For example, the neonatal death rate is related to problems arising during pregnancy (congenital abnormalities, low birth weight); delivery (birth injuries, asphyxia), afterdelivery (tetanus, other infections). Thus, neonatal mortality rate is related to maternal and obstetric factors. Maternal mortality as a significant public health problem was first highlighted in 1987 at the first International Safe Motherhood Conference in Nairobi, Kenya. Current estimates of maternal mortality indicate that about 358 000 maternal deaths resulting from complications of pregnancy and childbirth occur annually1. For every maternal death, many more women suffer serious Fungal infectious like tinea corporis (ring worm, tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), tinea curis (jock, itch), tinea capitis, tinea barbas, tinea unguium (onychomycosis, dermatophylid), subcutaneous and systemic mycosis, opportunistic mycosis and candidiasis is also on record as part of the health problems that have affected both infants and mothers. Vesico-vaginal fistulae (VVF) are destroying many women in Nigeria (about 1.5%) especially in modern Nigeria (26).
Viral infections have even worsened the already improved childcare programmes in Nigiera. Some of these viral infections include chickenpox, yellow fever, rabies, herpes simplex, meningoencephalitis of mumps, parainfluenza, respiratory synctial virus pneumonia and chronchiolistis adenovirus, common cold (caused by many viruses), adenovirus conjunctivitis, rubella virus and papilloma viruses have also contributed minimally to the problems of infants and mothers (28).
In the present era of improved control of the environment, proper management of human waste, improved personal hygiene, medical facilities and dispensation including vaccination, there has been substantial reduction in the incidence and effect of these diseases. Although life expectancy has increased considerably, changing conditions are replacing the old health problems with more disability and chronic illness, where treatment and management prove very expensive to undertake (12). Infancy is a delicate stage of life and the individual is prone to a lot of disease conditions, because of immature tissues, organs and cells and also because of the behavioral patterns of these mentally immature beings.
The average maternal mortality rates in
developed countries is between 10-15/100,000 live
births while developing countries record rates 100-
200 times this number (Rosenfied, 1989). The
problem of maternal deaths is worst in sub-Saharan
Africa with the maternal mortality rates there being
higher than anywhere else in the world (WHO,
2004). The situation in Nigeria is especially grave as
we still record maternal mortality rates in the order
of 800-1,000 per 100,000 live births (N.P.C. 2003)
and thus rank among the nations with the highest
number of maternal deaths (WHO, 2004).
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1. To evaluate the rate of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
2. To know the causes of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
3. To know whether the high rate of infant and maternal mortality has reduced the Nigerian population.
4. To evaluate the past and present efforts made by government to ensure good health through proper health care delivery such immunization e.tc.
5. To recommend possible solutions to the problem of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
1. How can one evaluate the rate of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria?
2. What are the causes of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria?
3. Can high rate of infant and maternal mortality reduced the Nigerian population?
4. What are the past and present efforts made by government to ensure good health through proper health care delivery such immunization?
5. Can there be any possible solutions to the problem of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0: One cannot evaluate the rate of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
H1: One can evaluate the rate of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
H0: There are no causes of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
H1: There are causes of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
H0: High rate of infant and maternal mortality does not reduce the Nigerian population.
H1: High rate of infant and maternal mortality reduces the Nigerian population.
H0: There are no efforts made by government to ensure good health through proper health care delivery such immunization.
H1: There are no efforts made by government to ensure good health through proper health care delivery such immunization.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is on the analysis of infant and maternal mortality rate in Nigeria. This research work is going be beneficial to the entire public, students, lecturers and as well as research.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The focus on the analysis of infant and maternal mortality rate in Nigeria
1.8 LIMITATION OF STUDY
Despite the limited scope of this study certain constraints were encountered during the research of this project. Some of the constraints experienced by the researcher were given below:
i. TIME: This was a major constraint on the researcher during the period of the work. Considering the limited time given for this study, there was not much time to give this research the needed attention.
ii. FINANCE: Owing to the financial difficulty prevalent in the country and it’s resultant prices of commodities, transportation fares, research materials etc. The researcher did not find it easy meeting all his financial obligations.
iii. INFORMATION CONSTRAINTS: Nigerian researchers have never had it easy when it comes to obtaining necessary information relevant to their area of study from private business organization and even government agencies. Infants and maternal mothers difficult to reveal their internal operations. The primary information was collected through face-to-face interview getting the published materials on this topic meant going from one library to other which was not easy.
Although these problems placed limitations on the study, but it did not prevent the researcher from carrying out a detailed and comprehensive research work on the subject matter.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Infant mortality rate: Infant mortality rate is one of the most important indications of human development. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) according to[1] is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1000 live births in a given year. Included in the IMR are the neonatal mortality rate (calculated from deaths occurring in the first four weeks of life), and post neonatal mortality rate (from deaths in the remainder of the first year). Neonatal deaths are further subdivided into early (first week) and late (second, third and fourth weeks). In prosperous countries, neonatal deaths account for about two-third of infant mortalities[2]. The IMR is usually regarded more as a measure of social affluence than a measure of the quality of antenatal and obstetric care.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
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OR
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That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
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Tags: ANALYSIS OF INFANT MORTALITY RATE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Infant mortality rate is one of the most important indications of human development. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) according to is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1000 live births in a given year. Included in the IMR are the neonatal mortality rate (calculated from deaths occurring in the first four weeks of life), and post neonatal mortality rate (from deaths in the remainder of the first year). Neonatal deaths are further subdivided into early (first week) and late (second, third and fourth weeks). In prosperous countries, neonatal deaths account for about two-third of infant mortalities. The IMR is usually regarded more as a measure of social affluence than a measure of the quality of antenatal and obstetric care.
The infant mortality rate is widely accepted as one of the most useful single measure of health status of the community. The infant mortality rate may be very high in communities where health and social services are poorly developed. For example, the neonatal death rate is related to problems arising during pregnancy (congenital abnormalities, low birth weight); delivery (birth injuries, asphyxia), afterdelivery (tetanus, other infections). Thus, neonatal mortality rate is related to maternal and obstetric factors. Maternal mortality as a significant public health problem was first highlighted in 1987 at the first International Safe Motherhood Conference in Nairobi, Kenya. Current estimates of maternal mortality indicate that about 358 000 maternal deaths resulting from complications of pregnancy and childbirth occur annually1. For every maternal death, many more women suffer serious complications.
The causes of the vast majority of these deaths and complications namely obstetric haemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion, hypertensive disorders, and obstructed labour are preventable3. Maternal mortality is a reflection of women’s place in society and their lack of access to social, health and nutrition services, and to economic opportunities2. Introduction of improved asepsis, caesarean section, blood transfusion services, and improved prenatal care curtailed maternal mortality in industrialized nations almost a century ago4. However, access to these interventions is limited in developing countries.
There are several dimensions to maternal mortality. Fundamentally, a woman’s death during pregnancy or childbirth is not only a health issue but also a matter of social injustice2 reflecting the failure of communities and governments to promote safe motherhood as a human right5, 6. Maternal mortality also reflects disparities in socio-economic development. The overwhelming majority of maternal deaths occur in developing countries2. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia account for about 87% of all maternal deaths1. The lifetime risk of maternal death in sub-Saharan Africa is 1 in 31 compared to 1 in 4,300 in developed regions1. The higher risk in developing countries reflects limited quality of care and provision of maternal health services7,8. In sharp contrast, sequel to improvements in obstetric care over the past decades, a pregnant woman in the United Kingdom is reported to face a less than 1 in 19,020 risk of dying from obstetric complications directly related to the pregnant state9.
Goal five of the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) aims to achieve three-quarter reduction of maternal mortality by 201510. Previous estimates of maternal mortality ratio in Nigeria showed that there had been an increase from 80011 to 1 10012 per 100 000 live births. However, the 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for Nigeria showed a decline in maternal mortality with a maternal mortality ratio of 545 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births13. Facility-based data support the contention that maternal mortality is on the decline. However, the figures remain high14. High maternal mortality in Nigeria is supported by the finding that Nigeria, along with five other countries contributed more than 50% of all maternal deaths worldwide in 200815. Given the weak civic registration and national health information systems in many developing countries, these estimates remain guess work16. Therefore urgent initiatives to monitor maternal morbidity and mortality are imperative17 to provide reliable information for planning and evaluation.
The WHO Global Maternal and Perinatal Health Survey implemented in 2005 aimed to establish a global data system comprising a network of health facilities that will collect focused information on maternal and perinatal health to facilitate identification of morbidity and mortality, monitoring of use of interventions and programme evaluation. This report discusses maternal characteristics associated with maternal mortality in Nigeria.
Common as death may be, gathered statistics of mortality rate, when on the high side apparently becomes disturbing and more catastrophic,especially when the death figures are on theincrease among young children, as this stressesand indicates a future absent the human race. For this reason, health expertsand policy makers have allocated specialinterest to the developments and checkmating of rising child mortality rates. Not only has thisinterest stretched into the international scene, ithas attracted systematic approaches to reducingchild mortality by 2/3 among children under theage of five from 1990 and 2015 as tagged in the
Goals (MDGs) for public health workers,institutions and international developmentagencies. (Fox 2012).Despite this goal of reducing infant and childmortality rate as stated in the MDGs, Childmortality rates still remain unacceptably highespecially in sub-Saharan African countries,where close to 50 percent of childhood deathstakes place, even when the region accounts for only one fifth of the world’s child population(Mesike and Mojekwu 2012). For instance, insub-Saharan Africa, 1 in every 8 children dies before age five- nearly 20 times the average of 1in 167 in developed parts of the world(Mojekwu and Ajilola, 2011). Similarly,UNICEF (2010) in the state of the world ’s children report noted that 8.1 million children across the world who died in 2009 before their fifth birthday lived in developing countries anddied from a disease or a combination of diseases that could easily have been prevented or treated. It also noted that, half of these deaths occurred in just five countries namely, India, Nigeria, the democratic republic of Congo, Pakistan and China; with India and Nigeria both accountingfor one third of the total number of under fivedeaths worldwide. The report describes the phenomenon as disturbing and grosslyinsufficient to achieve the MDG goal by 2015as only 9 out of the 64 countries with high child mortality rate are on track to meet the MDGgoal.Several factors have been acclaimed to beresponsible for this ugly trend of high child andinfant mortality. Childhood illnesses such asvaccines preventable diseases (VPD), malaria,acute respiratory infections (ARI), and diarrhea contribute substantially to morbidity andmortality among children less than five yearsold. Data from National Health ManagementInformation Systems (NHMIS) shows thatmalaria is by far the most important cause of morbidity (38%) and mortality (28%) in infantsand children, while 75% of malaria deaths occur in children under five. Malaria also accounts for about 11% of maternal deaths, especially for thefirst-time mothers. Estimates show that 50% of the population has at least one episode of malaria each year, whereas children less than age five suffer from two to four attacks a year.Diarrheal illness is reported to be the secondmost common cause of infant deaths and themain cause of under-five mortality. Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) which include awide range of upper and lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia), commonly manifestingwith cough, fever and rapid breathing were themain cause of under-five morbidity and infant mortality. UNICEF (2009) indicated that 25%of the population carries the sickle cell trait, andabout 100,000 children born annually isreported to have a serious sickle cell disorder.Aside the health related factors influencingchild survival as mentioned above, there are non-health related or socio-economic factors that can affect a child’s survival. Examples are;
Female Literacy, the status of the mother regarding her level of participation in
household’s decision making, access to safe and
adequate sanitation, poverty, cultural andgender bias etc.The purpose of this study is to examine theimpact of this non-health related factors oninfant and child mortality rate in Nigeria.
(NDHS 2008).
1.2 PROBLEM OF THE STUYDY
The infant mortality rate is widely accepted as one of the most useful single measure of health status of the community. The infant mortality rate may be very high in communities where health and social services are poorly developed. For example, the neonatal death rate is related to problems arising during pregnancy (congenital abnormalities, low birth weight); delivery (birth injuries, asphyxia), afterdelivery (tetanus, other infections). Thus, neonatal mortality rate is related to maternal and obstetric factors. Maternal mortality as a significant public health problem was first highlighted in 1987 at the first International Safe Motherhood Conference in Nairobi, Kenya. Current estimates of maternal mortality indicate that about 358 000 maternal deaths resulting from complications of pregnancy and childbirth occur annually1. For every maternal death, many more women suffer serious Fungal infectious like tinea corporis (ring worm, tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), tinea curis (jock, itch), tinea capitis, tinea barbas, tinea unguium (onychomycosis, dermatophylid), subcutaneous and systemic mycosis, opportunistic mycosis and candidiasis is also on record as part of the health problems that have affected both infants and mothers. Vesico-vaginal fistulae (VVF) are destroying many women in Nigeria (about 1.5%) especially in modern Nigeria (26).
Viral infections have even worsened the already improved childcare programmes in Nigiera. Some of these viral infections include chickenpox, yellow fever, rabies, herpes simplex, meningoencephalitis of mumps, parainfluenza, respiratory synctial virus pneumonia and chronchiolistis adenovirus, common cold (caused by many viruses), adenovirus conjunctivitis, rubella virus and papilloma viruses have also contributed minimally to the problems of infants and mothers (28).
In the present era of improved control of the environment, proper management of human waste, improved personal hygiene, medical facilities and dispensation including vaccination, there has been substantial reduction in the incidence and effect of these diseases. Although life expectancy has increased considerably, changing conditions are replacing the old health problems with more disability and chronic illness, where treatment and management prove very expensive to undertake (12). Infancy is a delicate stage of life and the individual is prone to a lot of disease conditions, because of immature tissues, organs and cells and also because of the behavioral patterns of these mentally immature beings.
The average maternal mortality rates in
developed countries is between 10-15/100,000 live
births while developing countries record rates 100-
200 times this number (Rosenfied, 1989). The
problem of maternal deaths is worst in sub-Saharan
Africa with the maternal mortality rates there being
higher than anywhere else in the world (WHO,
2004). The situation in Nigeria is especially grave as
we still record maternal mortality rates in the order
of 800-1,000 per 100,000 live births (N.P.C. 2003)
and thus rank among the nations with the highest
number of maternal deaths (WHO, 2004).
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1. To evaluate the rate of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
2. To know the causes of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
3. To know whether the high rate of infant and maternal mortality has reduced the Nigerian population.
4. To evaluate the past and present efforts made by government to ensure good health through proper health care delivery such immunization e.tc.
5. To recommend possible solutions to the problem of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
1. How can one evaluate the rate of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria?
2. What are the causes of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria?
3. Can high rate of infant and maternal mortality reduced the Nigerian population?
4. What are the past and present efforts made by government to ensure good health through proper health care delivery such immunization?
5. Can there be any possible solutions to the problem of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0: One cannot evaluate the rate of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
H1: One can evaluate the rate of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
H0: There are no causes of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
H1: There are causes of infant and maternal mortality in Nigeria.
H0: High rate of infant and maternal mortality does not reduce the Nigerian population.
H1: High rate of infant and maternal mortality reduces the Nigerian population.
H0: There are no efforts made by government to ensure good health through proper health care delivery such immunization.
H1: There are no efforts made by government to ensure good health through proper health care delivery such immunization.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is on the analysis of infant and maternal mortality rate in Nigeria. This research work is going be beneficial to the entire public, students, lecturers and as well as research.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The focus on the analysis of infant and maternal mortality rate in Nigeria
1.8 LIMITATION OF STUDY
Despite the limited scope of this study certain constraints were encountered during the research of this project. Some of the constraints experienced by the researcher were given below:
i. TIME: This was a major constraint on the researcher during the period of the work. Considering the limited time given for this study, there was not much time to give this research the needed attention.
ii. FINANCE: Owing to the financial difficulty prevalent in the country and it’s resultant prices of commodities, transportation fares, research materials etc. The researcher did not find it easy meeting all his financial obligations.
iii. INFORMATION CONSTRAINTS: Nigerian researchers have never had it easy when it comes to obtaining necessary information relevant to their area of study from private business organization and even government agencies. Infants and maternal mothers difficult to reveal their internal operations. The primary information was collected through face-to-face interview getting the published materials on this topic meant going from one library to other which was not easy.
Although these problems placed limitations on the study, but it did not prevent the researcher from carrying out a detailed and comprehensive research work on the subject matter.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Infant mortality rate: Infant mortality rate is one of the most important indications of human development. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) according to[1] is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1000 live births in a given year. Included in the IMR are the neonatal mortality rate (calculated from deaths occurring in the first four weeks of life), and post neonatal mortality rate (from deaths in the remainder of the first year). Neonatal deaths are further subdivided into early (first week) and late (second, third and fourth weeks). In prosperous countries, neonatal deaths account for about two-third of infant mortalities[2]. The IMR is usually regarded more as a measure of social affluence than a measure of the quality of antenatal and obstetric care.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
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Tags: ANALYSIS OF INFANT MORTALITY RATE
ABSTRACT:
This work makes a time series analysis on the registration of motor vehicles in Nigeria, a case study of Asaba, Delta state (1993-2002). The analysis of the work makes use of secondary data, a collection of all registered vehicles in Delta state (1993-2002)
Primary and secondary data were used the analysis. Both frequency distribution and regression analysis were used.
It was observed therefore that more vehicles were registered in the last quarter of the year. Less vehicles were registered in the first quarter of the year. It was also observed that the cost of motor vehicle registration rose in the last quarters of these years more than other quarters. It was less in the first quarters.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
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08139462710 or 08137701720
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(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: 1993-2002), TIME SERIES ANALYSIS ON THE REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ASABA DELTA STATE
ABSTRACT:
This work makes a time series analysis on the registration of motor vehicles in Nigeria, a case study of Asaba, Delta state (1993-2002). The analysis of the work makes use of secondary data, a collection of all registered vehicles in Delta state (1993-2002)
Primary and secondary data were used the analysis. Both frequency distribution and regression analysis were used.
It was observed therefore that more vehicles were registered in the last quarter of the year. Less vehicles were registered in the first quarter of the year. It was also observed that the cost of motor vehicle registration rose in the last quarters of these years more than other quarters. It was less in the first quarters.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
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Tags: 1993-2002), TOPIC: TIME SERIES ANALYSIS ON THE REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF ASABA DELTA STATE
