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TYPE 2 DIABETES AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS: MAGNITUDE AMONG ADULT OBESE PATIENTS AT GOPC, FETH ABAKALIKI, EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Background: The epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (diabetes) in sub-Saharan Africa
are increasing. Studies on the association of obesity and that of other risk factors with type 2
diabetes in hospital population study in this region of the country is not much. This study
evaluated the magnitude of type 2 diabetes and its associated risk factors in adults in a tertiary
hospital, primary care clinic in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of diabetes and of known diabetics in the obese and
non-obese groups. To assess the modifiable risk factors (waist circumference, tobacco use,
alcohol consumption, physical activity) and the non-modifiable risk factors (age, sex and
family history of diabetes) among study population. To correlate continuous variable risk
factors with the blood glucose.
Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study of 280 adults (140
obese and 140 non-obese) selected through systematic random sampling. The association
between obesity, other risk factors and type 2 diabetes were also examined. Chi-square test,
Fisher’s exact test, t-test, correlation and logistic regression analysis were used for analysis.
Results: The crude prevalence of diabetes in the study population was 10.0% (28). The
prevalence of diabetes in the obese was 12.1% (17) compared to 7.9% (11) in the non-obese
group. The prevalence of known diabetics was slightly higher among the non-obese group
7.9% (11) when compared to the obese group 7.1% (10). When Spearman’s rho correlation
was run to determine the relationship between 280 subjects’ whole carpillary blood glucose
(RBG) and continuous risk factors; only age, waist circumference and average systolic blood
pressure had weak positive correlation and had statistically significant association with
diabetes (rs = .271, p = 0.0001), (rs = .175, p = 0.003) and (rs = .161, p = 0.007) respectively.
Family history of diabetes and age showed independent association with diabetes in logistic
regression (p = 0.007) and (p = 0.001) respectively. Age seemed to have a protective effect
in logistic regression (OR = 0.940)[CI = 0.906-0.976] . The lower the age the less chance a
subject has of having diabetes. This deduction is strong. Family history of diabetes had
higher odds for diabetes (OR = 3.718)[CI = 1.438-9.613] . Subjects with family history of
diabetes had 3.7 times chances of having diabetes than those without family history of
diabetes. Sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity had no association or
independent association with diabetes in the respondents.
Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes was high and the prevalence of known diabetes was
relatively low. The findings from this study suggest that non-modifiable risk factors: age and
family history of diabetes and modifiable risk factors namely: WC and systolic blood
pressure had an association with types 2 diabetes in the respondents.
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