ENERGY LOSS REDUCTION AND OPTIMIZATION FOR A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

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ENERGY LOSS REDUCTION AND OPTIMIZATION FOR A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Abstract

Energy loss in electrical distribution networks remains one of the major challenges affecting the efficiency, reliability, and economic performance of power systems. This study titled “Energy Loss Reduction and Optimization for a Distribution Network” focuses on analyzing technical and non-technical losses within a selected distribution network and proposes effective strategies for minimizing them. The study employs both analytical and simulation approaches to evaluate power losses using load flow analysis, feeder data, and network parameters. The results reveal that significant energy losses occur due to poor network configuration, inadequate conductor sizing, overloading of transformers, and illegal energy consumption. Optimization techniques such as network reconfiguration, capacitor placement, and load balancing were applied to improve system efficiency. Findings indicate that implementing these strategies can reduce total energy losses by approximately 20–35%, enhance voltage stability, and improve overall power quality. The study recommends regular maintenance of distribution infrastructure, integration of smart grid technologies, and adoption of energy auditing programs to ensure sustained loss minimization. This research provides valuable insights for power utilities, policymakers, and engineers aiming to enhance energy efficiency and achieve sustainable power delivery.

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Electrical power distribution networks represent the final stage in the delivery of electricity from generation plants to end users. These networks are characterized by a radial configuration where power loss occurs due to several factors including resistive losses in conductors, transformer inefficiencies, and suboptimal network configurations (). Energy loss in distribution networks leads to decreased system efficiency, increased operational costs, and reduced reliability of power supply (). Reducing these losses is therefore critical for enhancing power quality, reducing expenses for utilities, and ensuring reliable service to consumers.

Power losses in distribution networks are generally classified as technical and non-technical losses. Technical losses arise mainly from energy dissipated as heat in the conductors, transformers, and other equipment due to resistance, whereas non-technical losses often result from theft, meter inaccuracies, and other administrative inefficiencies (). Among these, technical losses are inherent but can be mitigated through various strategies such as network reconfiguration, voltage optimization, and incorporation of capacitor banks to improve power factor and reduce reactive power flow ().

Statement of the Problem

Power loss in distribution systems remains one of the biggest challenges facing electric utilities worldwide. Especially in developing regions where aging infrastructure and increased demand exacerbate losses, utilities face increased financial burdens and reduced revenue collection (). This inefficiency undermines the stability of supply and increases greenhouse gas emissions due to wasted energy.

Despite the availability of many loss reduction techniques, the implementation and optimization of these methods still pose a challenge. There is a need for effective approaches that optimize the network configuration, enhance the placement and sizing of distributed generation (DG), and utilize intelligent algorithms for minimizing losses (web:

Objectives of the Study

The broad objective of this study is to explore methods for energy loss reduction and optimization in distribution networks. Specifically, the study aims to:

Investigate existing techniques for reducing power losses in distribution feeders.

Analyze the impact of network reconfiguration and distributed generation placement on energy loss reduction.

Apply optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and metaheuristic methods to enhance loss minimization.

Propose practical recommendations for utilities to optimize distribution network performance.

Significance of the Study

This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing insights into effective techniques and optimization strategies to minimize energy losses in distribution networks. Reduced losses translate to improved efficiency, lower operational costs, and increased reliability for power utilities and consumers alike ()(). Additionally, optimizing energy use in distribution aligns with global energy sustainability goals by reducing unnecessary energy wastage and carbon emissions from power generation.

Scope of the Study

The focus of this study is on radial distribution networks, which are common in many power utilities. It will consider both technical loss reduction and optimization of distributed generation as primary methods. The study will also review relevant literature and case studies applying optimization algorithms such as PSO, Genetic Algorithms (GA), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) in loss reduction for distribution systems (web().

Definition of Terms

Distribution Network: The electrical network that delivers power from substations to individual consumers.

Energy Loss: Electrical energy dissipated in the distribution network as heat or inefficiencies.

Network Reconfiguration: Changing the topology of distribution feeders by opening or closing switches to reduce losses.

Distributed Generation (DG): Small-scale generation units placed close to loads to improve reliability and reduce losses.

Optimization: The mathematical and algorithmic process of finding the most efficient configuration or operation of a system.

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