A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN FCT

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN FCT

Abstract

This study examines the academic performance of students in public and private secondary schools in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria, to understand the underlying factors contributing to disparities in educational outcomes. Using a comparative research design, the study analyzed performance data from standardized examinations, surveys, and interviews with students, teachers, and school administrators from a representative sample of public and private schools. The study found significant differences in academic achievement, with private school students consistently outperforming their counterparts in public schools. Key factors influencing this disparity include differences in teacher qualification and motivation, availability of learning resources, classroom size, parental involvement, and school management practices.

While private schools benefit from better infrastructure, smaller class sizes, and more individualized attention, public schools face challenges such as overcrowding, inadequate funding, and low teacher morale. The study highlights the need for targeted policy interventions to improve the quality of public education, including increased investment, teacher training, and accountability mechanisms. The findings underscore the importance of equitable access to quality education as a tool for reducing socio-economic disparities and fostering national development.

This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on education systems by providing insights into the strengths and weaknesses of public and private schooling in the FCT, offering practical recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to bridge the performance gap.

CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the StudyEducation plays a pivotal role in the socio-economic development of any nation, serving as a critical driver for individual and collective growth (UNESCO, 2020). Secondary education, in particular, forms the foundation for higher education and vocational training, equipping students with the necessary skills and knowledge to contribute meaningfully to society. In Nigeria, secondary education is provided by both public and private institutions, each with distinct characteristics and operational modalities. Public schools are primarily funded and managed by the government, while private schools are owned and operated by individuals or organizations with a profit or non-profit motive (Adesina, 2011).

Over the years, there has been an increasing concern regarding the academic performance of students in public secondary schools compared to their counterparts in private schools. Private schools are often perceived to provide better quality education due to superior infrastructure, smaller class sizes, and higher teacher motivation, whereas public schools face challenges such as overcrowding, inadequate resources, and underpaid teachers (Eze, 2015). This disparity has raised questions about the equity and effectiveness of the Nigerian educational system, particularly in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), where both types of schools coexist.

1.2 Statement of the ProblemThe academic performance of students in public secondary schools has been a subject of concern for policymakers, educators, and parents. Several studies have highlighted a performance gap between students in public and private schools, with the latter often outperforming the former in standardized examinations (Ogunlade & Adebayo, 2013). Factors such as teacher quality, availability of learning materials, parental involvement, and school management practices have been identified as key contributors to this disparity. However, despite numerous interventions and policies aimed at improving public education, the gap persists, particularly in urban areas like the FCT.

This study seeks to address the following questions: What are the factors contributing to the differences in academic performance between public and private secondary schools in the FCT? To what extent do these factors affect students’ learning outcomes? By examining these issues, the study aims to provide actionable insights for stakeholders to improve the quality of education in both public and private schools.

1.3 Objectives of the StudyThe main objective of this study is to compare the academic performance of students in public and private secondary schools in the FCT. Specifically, the study aims to:

Identify the factors influencing academic performance in public and private secondary schools.

Analyze the differences in learning environments, teaching quality, and resource availability between the two school types.

Evaluate the role of parental involvement and socio-economic status in shaping students’ academic outcomes.

Provide recommendations for bridging the performance gap between public and private schools.

1.4 Research QuestionsThe study seeks to answer the following questions:

What are the key factors influencing academic performance in public and private secondary schools?

How do differences in infrastructure, teacher quality, and learning resources affect student outcomes?

To what extent does parental involvement contribute to academic performance in both school types?

What strategies can be employed to improve academic performance in public secondary schools?

1.5 Significance of the StudyThis study is significant for several reasons. First, it provides empirical evidence on the factors influencing academic performance in public and private secondary schools in the FCT. Second, it highlights the strengths and weaknesses of both school types, offering insights for policymakers to design targeted interventions. Third, the findings of this study can serve as a reference for future research on educational disparities and equity in Nigeria. Ultimately, the study aims to contribute to the development of a more inclusive and effective educational system that ensures quality learning outcomes for all students, regardless of the type of school they attend.

1.6 Scope of the StudyThe study focuses on public and private secondary schools in the FCT, Nigeria. It examines factors such as teacher quality, infrastructure, parental involvement, and socio-economic status, which influence academic performance. The study also compares standardized examination results and other performance indicators to provide a comprehensive analysis of the disparities between the two school types.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Academic Performance: The measurable outcomes of students’ learning, often assessed through standardized tests, grades, and other evaluation methods.

Public Secondary School: A school funded and managed by the government, providing education at a subsidized cost or free of charge.

Private Secondary School: A school owned and managed by individuals or organizations, often requiring tuition fees for enrollment.

Learning Environment: The physical, social, and psychological conditions in which learning occurs.

Parental Involvement: The active participation of parents in their children’s education, including support at home and engagement with school activities.

1.8 Organization of the StudyThis study is organized into five chapters. Chapter One introduces the research, including the background, problem statement, objectives, research questions, significance, scope, and definition of terms. Chapter Two reviews relevant literature on the subject. Chapter Three outlines the research methodology, including the study design, population, sampling techniques, and data collection methods. Chapter Four presents and discusses the findings of the study. Finally, Chapter Five provides conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions for further research.

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