ATTENTION:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n INFORMATION:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COST N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n WHATSAPP US ON: 08168759420<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ARTISANAL FISHING ENTERPRISES IN GUMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION <\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.1 Background Information \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.2 Problem Statement \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.3 Objectives of the Study \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.4 Research Hypothesis \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.5 Justification of the Study \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2.1 Genesis of Artisanal Fishing \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 9<\/p>\n\n\n\n Artisanal (capture) Fisheries Versus Fish Culture \u2013 \u2013 9<\/p>\n\n\n\n Socio-economic Characteristics of Artisanal Fishing<\/p>\n\n\n\n Operators in Relation to their Living Environment \u2013 \u2013 10<\/p>\n\n\n\n Artisanal Fishing Practices in Nigeria \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 13<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fish Trade in Nigeria \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n Problems Associated with Artisanal Fishing in Nigeria \u2014 16<\/p>\n\n\n\n Indigenous Fisheries Resource Management \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theoretical Framework on Agricultural Production \u2013 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n Empirical Studies in Production and Economics of Fishing Operations. \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 21<\/p>\n\n\n\n CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY <\/p>\n\n\n\n 3.1 The Study Area \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sampling Procedure \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 25<\/p>\n\n\n\n Data Collection \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 26<\/p>\n\n\n\n Analysis of Data \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 27<\/p>\n\n\n\n Analytical Framework \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 27<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cost and Return Analysis \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 27<\/p>\n\n\n\n Multiple Regression Analysis \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 28<\/p>\n\n\n\n CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.1 Socio-economic Characteristics of Respondents \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 34<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.2 Fishing Activities of Respondents \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.3 Factors Influencing Artisanal Fishing \u2013 \u2013 40<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.4 Cost and Return Analysis in Artisanal Fishing Enterprise \u2013 43<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.5 Resource Use Efficiency in Artisanal Fishing Enterprise \u2013 45<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.6 Constraints to Exploitation of Natural Fishing Sites. \u2013 \u2013 49<\/p>\n\n\n\n CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND<\/p>\n\n\n\n RECOMMENDATIONS<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5.1 Summary of Findings \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 50<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5.2 Conclusion \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 51<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5.3 Recommendations \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 52<\/p>\n\n\n\n REFERENCES \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 55<\/p>\n\n\n\n APPENDICES \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n LIST OF TABLES<\/p>\n\n\n\n Table Page<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.1 Total Quantity of Annual Trade of Fishery Commodity by Nigeria-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2.1 Population of Fishermen in Nigeria. \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 13<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2.2 Total Quantity of International Trade of Fishery Commodity by Nigeria. \u2013 \u2013 15<\/p>\n\n\n\n Total Value of International Trade of Fishery Commodity by Nigeria. 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n Frequency Distribution of Respondents by Selected Socio-economic Characteristics \u2014 \u2013 \u2014 \u2013 \u2013 \u2014 \u2013 \u2013 36<\/p>\n\n\n\n Frequency Distribution of Respondents by Occupation 37<\/p>\n\n\n\n Distribution of Respondents by Fishing Practices Used 39<\/p>\n\n\n\n Distribution of Respondents by Availability of Storage,Credit and Extension Services \u2013 40<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.5 Labour Supply and Utilization by Respondents \u2013 41<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.6 Cost and Return Analysis \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 44<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.7 Regression Results \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 46<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.8 Frequency Distribution of Constraints associated with Artisanal Fishing \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 49<\/p>\n\n\n\n LIST OF FIGURES<\/p>\n\n\n\n Figure <\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Map of Guma Local Government Area \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 65<\/p>\n\n\n\n LIST OF CHARTS<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chart <\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.1 Seasonal Calendar of Respondents \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 43<\/p>\n\n\n\n LIST OF APPENDICES<\/p>\n\n\n\n i. Questionnaire \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n CHAPTER ONE<\/p>\n\n\n\n INTRODUCTION<\/p>\n\n\n\n Background Information<\/p>\n\n\n\n One of the major roles played by fisheries in the economy of Nigeria is its contribution to the dietary needs of the populace. Increased food production, both in quantity and quality is necessary to build a healthy nation. Animal protein is essential for proper growth, repair and maintenance of body organs and tissues (Moses, 1983). Proteins obtained from livestock such as cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and poultry in tropical regions are generally very expensive. Fish protein contains the essential amino acids such as methionine, lysine, tryptophan which are absent in proteins of plant origin (Lawal, 2002). Fish oil contains unsaturated fatty acids, which are low in cholesterol, and thus a regular intake of fish oil harbours lower risk of heart attack, which might result from deposition of cholesterol in blood vessels. According to Madu (2000), fish is eaten all over the world and no religious or cultural restrictions are known to forbid its consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lawal (2002) reported that about 35 percent of the world\u2019s fish catch is used for the production of fishmeal and oil. The greatest amount of the products is fed to poultry. Fishmeal product has high protein content (60-75%), making it a valued ingredient usually commanding a higher price than any other protein concentrate except milk powder. Fish oil is a valuable raw material for hydrogenation and is used in direct human consumption as margarine. Most of the world\u2019s fishmeal is made from pelagic species, rich in oil. Nigeria generates about 10 million US dollars annually in foreign exchange through the exportation of shrimps (Mabawonku, 1986). Apart from the dietary use, production of livestock feeds and earnings of foreign exchange, fisheries offer direct and indirect employment opportunities to the people of the country (Asaku, 1997). Direct employment from fisheries involves those who are directly engaged in fish production, processing and marketing. Fisheries offer indirect employment to people who are engaged in the production of fishing inputs and fishing vessels, floats, sinkers, nets, lanterns, matchets and fish finders. Others indirectly employed in fishery industry include fish canners, owners of restaurants and manufacturers of livestock feeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The demand for fish has been rising rapidly in Nigeria as a result of increase in population, per capita income and price of alternative sources of animal protein. However the domestic supply of fish does not satisfy the demand. Attempts to meet the demand have seen the country resorting to importation of fish. The projected demand for fish in Nigeria in the year 2000 was 2,542 million tones. This figure rose to about 2854.6 million tones, an increase of about 12.3 percent in 2003 (FAO, 2004). This figure when compared with total fish supply will clearly show that there is fish demand-supply deficit in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Many countries both import and export fish products. Trade tends to flow not only from less developed to more developed countries, but also between developed countries (FAO, 2004). In terms of export value, the total world trade of fish and fish products reached US $ 58.2 billion in 2002 (FAO, 2004). In terms of quantity, developed countries imported over 32 million tones in 2002, of which 68 percent was for human consumption (FAO, 2004). Imports for developed countries stood at 19 million tonnes, of which 47 percent consisted of fish for food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The total quantity of international trade of fishery commodity by Nigeria as released by FAO reports (2000 and 2004) for the years 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2994 showed that imports of fishery products for the years amounted to 412,498, 442,331, 464,519, 646,557 and 814,461 tonnes respectively. This is in comparism with the export figure of 3,232, 656, 4,233, 249 and 12,016 tonnes for year 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2004 respectively (Table 1.1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Table 1.1: Total quantity of annual trade of fishery commodity by<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nigeria (Metric tonnes)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Year Imports Exports<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1997 412,498 3,232<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1998 442,331 656<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1999 464,519 4,233<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2000 646,557 249<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2004 814,461 12,016<\/p>\n\n\n\n Source: FAO Reports 2000 and 2004<\/p>\n\n\n\n In Nigeria, the artisanal fishery is made up of coastal canoe fishery, brackish water canoe fishery, riverine and lake canoe fishery and the flood pond fishery (Asaku, 1997). Mabawonku (1986) reported that artisanal fishery sector accounts for about 87 per cent of the total fish production in Nigeria. In Benue State, Asaku (1997) reported that the bulk of the fish supply come from fresh water systems. 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