THE IMPACT OF NON MONETARY INCENTIVES ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Declaration ii
Certification iii
Approval Page iv
Dedication page v
Acknowledgement vi
Table of Content vii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study 4
1.4 Significance of the Study 4
1.5 Research Questions 5
1.6 Scope of the Study 5
1.7 Definition of key Term 6
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Conceptual Framework 8
2.2.1 The Concept of Financial and Non Financial Incentives 8
2.2.2 Concept of Employee Performance 11
2.2.3 Concept of Performance Incentives in Workplace 12
2.2.4 The Nexus between Incentives and Productivity 13
2.3 Theoretical Framework 16
2.3.1 The Evolution of Motivational Concepts 17
2.3.2 Process Theories of Motivation 24
2.3.3 Need Theories 29
2.3.4 Abraham Maslow Theory 29
2.3.5 Murray’s Manifest Needs Theory 33
2.3.6 Herzberg, and his Two-Factory Theory 36
2.3.7 Evaluation of the Motivational Theories Reviewed 39
2.4 Empirical Literature 40
2.4.1 The Effect of Financial and Non Financial Incentive to the Employee Performance 40
2.4.2 Impact of Incentive on Employee’s Motivation 54
2.5 Summary 58
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 60
3.2 Population and Sample Size of the Study 60
3.3 Source of Data Collection 61
3.4 Method of Data Collection 61
3.5 Method of Data Analysis 62
3.6 Summary 62
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 Analysis of Respondent’s Demographic Variables 63
4.3 Data Analysis 66
4.4 Summary of Findings 73
4.5 Discussion of Findings 74
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary 76
5.2 Conclusion 77
5.3 Recommendations 77
Bibliography 79
Appendix I 82
Appendix II 83
ABSTRACT
The study examines the effect of financial incentives on staff productivity in Niyya foods Kaduna. The research question that guided the study were: Is Niyya Food remuneration based on incentive scheme? What kind of financial incentive does Niyya Food give to its works and what are the effect on what workers? What kind of non financial incentives does Niyya Food use to boost workers productivity? What are the constraints militating against Niyya Food incentive schemes and how can it be overcome?A survey method was used for this study. The population consisted of all Staff of Niyya Food Kaduna. Out of 158 persons, a sample size of 70 was drawn from the total population using the stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire developed by the researcher based on likert 5-point scale was used for the study. Mean scores was used to analyse the data based on the research questions. The research result shows that Niyya Food incentive scheme does not enhance workers performance because, it does not take into cognizance in it remuneration and do not even evaluate or appraisal workers performance.It was recommended thatOther non financial incentives like lectures, seminar, symposium as well as Recreational facilities, such as club with sporting facilities, entry bar and other recreational facility that would help staff unwind after work should be designed and adopted. This will facilitate efficiency and increase productivity in Niyya Food.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1Background to the Study
All organizations are concerned with what should be done to achieve high level of productivity through staff motivation using the right kind of incentive. Most organizations in the past have been using financial incentives but their workers are still agitating for increment in salaries. Consequently the effect of non financial incentive becomes a burning issue in human resource management(Okoh,2008).
The issue of adequate motivation and consequently workers productivity is aproduct of a person’s set up of needs, goals, drive and experience. Byimplication, this means that factors which govern motivation, job satisfaction,workers productivity and attitude to work differ from one society to another.
However, the entire issue of the implication of adequate motivation on workersproductivity is embedded in the various theories of motivation.
People are motivated by various factors at different times, according to
Wilkinson et al, the first factor is the combination of the individual perceptionsof the expectations other people have of them, and their own expectations ofthemselves. This happens because people come into work situations withvarious expectations.
People work together in large organisations like bank, factory where they are expectedto follow orders, which they may not approve of. In addition, they may have to obeyinstruction from supervisors they had no hand in selecting. This is the type of situationwhere the worker might have no opportunity for self-expression. The basic question thatnow arises, relates to how to create a situation in which workers can satisfy theirindividual needs while working towards organisational goals. How can workers incorporate organisation in Nigeriawho’s workers feel that their salaries are lowwhen compared with their contemporaries in other organisation?
As such a lot of theoretical concept, principles and techniques of management have evolved in response to these challenges/ but most scholars suggest that more conceptual and empirical work is required to show the link between financial and non financial incentive and staff productivity is still vague but some studies have documented in their work that financial incentive is readily perceived as having a high instrumental value that makes putting forth extra effort worthwhile and its has a long term effect in terms of labour turnover rate because of comparative value for alternative employment while non financial incentive has less initial impact as the pragmatics of financial gain, they seem to have a steady, sustainable impact(Egbe,2008).
Despite the growing body of literature and empirical study on the effect of non financial incentive on workers productivity, the subject matter still remains complex. Hence, the need to undertake a survey on the effect of non monetary incentives on staff productivity in Niyya food and drinks company Ltd Kaduna.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Most organizations in Nigeria are constraint with the problem of using non performance based element like salaries to compensate it staff as against performance-related pay structure which has hamper productivity because it does not make worker put in extra effort in their work. This is so because their compensation is not based on incentive schemes that elicit additional effort of workers sequel to unfriendly government legislation on wages clause and bureaucratic inefficiency. Hence the need for the research to examine the effect of non monetary incentive on employee productivity in Niyya Food and drinks Ltd Kaduna.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of non monetary incentive on staff of Niyya food and drinksKaduna. Other Specificobjectives are to:
- Assess whether staff remuneration is based on incentive schemes that motivate them.
- Examine all financial incentives given to staff and their effect on worker productivity.
- Identify non financial incentives used in boosting staff productivity.
- Evaluate out the constraints militating against incentive schemeNiyya Food and drinks and make recommendations to the identified problems.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This study brings to light the effect of non monetary incentives on staff performance in organization. The study may therefore be beneficial to the organization understudy in area of policy formulations as regard staff incentive schemes and remuneration.
To education, the study may contribute to already existing knowledge on the effect of financial and non financial incentives on workers’ performance.
Finally, to those in academics and human resource researches, the study may serve as a springboard for further investigations.
1.5 Research Questions
This study provide answers to the following research questions:
- Is Niyya Food and drinks limited’s remuneration based on incentive scheme that motivate staff performance?
- What kind of financial incentive do Niyya food and drinks give to its workers and what are their effect on workers productivity?
- What kind of non financial incentive do Niyya food and drinks use to boost workers productivity?
- What are the constraints militating against Niyya Food and drinks incentive scheme and how can these constraints be overcome?
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study covers an empirical investigation of the effect of non monetary motivation on staff productivity in Niyya Food and drinks. The main scope and time frame for this investigation covers Niyya Food and drinks incentive schemes from 2006-2011.
1.7 Definition of key Term
The key terms below were used in this study
Financial Incentives: Monetary reward or compensation use to motivate workers.
Non Financial Incentives: Other incentives apart from monetary rewards.
Performance Incentive: Rewards that motivates worker to put in more efforts.
Productivity: The rate at which employee work and their yield in their organization.
Adequate Motivation: These are factors (familiarity, concern and driving
force), which exist or are provided in a work situation either physically or
psychologically which determine the input and productivity level of the worker.
Implication of Motivation: The term could be defined as the work dispositionof an employee, which affects the mode of doing his work.
Intimacy: Intimacy or Familiarity could be described as the feeling of warmthand friendliness based on interpersonal relationship among people.
Consideration: Consideration or Concern refers to a situation where both theircolleagues and managers treat staffs with understanding. In this case, there isboth a personal and human touch in dealing with workers,
Thrust: Thrust or driving force deals with leadership by example as a meansof motivating subordinates. Leadership in this context takes personal interest instaff while also displaying a high degree of professional competence anddynamic leadership qualities.
Morale: Moral refers to staff emotional and mental level of zeal.
Productivity: Productivity is the relationship between the amount of one ormore inputs and the amount of outputs from a clearly identified process.
Permanent Staff: Permanent staff refers to those experienced member of staffwho irrespective of their ages have been working for a minimum period of five years
Contract Staff: Members of staff who irrespective of their academic
accomplishments and status are regarded as adhoc staff.
Management Staff: Management staff refers to those member of staff who
irrespective of their ages have attain grade level 6 and above.
Training: The process of increasing knowledge and skills of staffs in doing their job.
Development: The process of adding to the skills of workers, improving their general knowledge and altering their attitudes.
Productivity: A rate at which workers produce goods or services.
Human capital: Workers’ skills and abilities considered as resources to business.
H. R. M: An acronym for human resource management
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