THE EFFECTOF PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT OWNED INDUSTRIES

THE EFFECTOF PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT OWNED INDUSTRIES

ABSTRACT

The government felt that some public sector businesses are performing below expectations. Some  incurred debts, which are being repaid and serviced by the government. The government also became worried that substantial part of its capital votes were used to support public enterprises whose provision of goods and services were often expensive, inefficient and subject to political manipulation. The Federal government therefore decided to privatize and commercialize these enterprises as a way of saving and instilling the spirit of efficiency in the effected areas of enterprises.

An explicit step by step procedure is to be used in the research methodology. The use of primary and secondary sources of data collection is to be  applied. The research based with in Enugu metropolis. An elaboration discussion and interview with specialists and members of staff of Nigeria Breweries (NBL) is to be done. Also the use of real materials by professionals and learned men is applied.

However, the research is confronted with a good number of factors which constricts the research .time being the first constricts the combination of my lectures, Assignments and personal chores is a bit furious. Money which has ordinarily constituted a hindrance is not adequately provided for the research, which needed enough cash for transportation, information and material. The protocols to be observed is not welcoming, things are  unnecessary  prolonged. The  last and never the leastwise inadequate braise, material, research guidance and experts in the project research topic who suppose to give a professional advice.

Meanwhile, I believe this research topic has a long way in reducing financial malpractice, bringing financial relief for the government, bringing productivity and quality, help raise government revenue, lesson the dominance of unproductive investments in the public sector, develop capital market and promote enterprises and industrialization etc.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Cover page

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Inspiration

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

1,0   INTRODUCTION

Background of study

Statement of the problems

Objective of the study

Research questions

Significant of study

Research hypothesis

Scope and limitation of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.0       RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1       Meaning and definition

2.2       Objective commercialization

2.3       Objective privatization

2.4        Objective and main provision of the degree

2.5       Argument and implications

2.6       References

CHAPTER THREE

3.0       RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1       Source of primary data

3.2       Source of secondary date

3.3       Research population

3.4       Sample size

3.5       Method ;of investigation

3.6       Method of ;analysis

3.7       Interview questions

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1       Distributions and return questionnaire

4.2       Analysis of research data

4.3       Test of hypothesis and prove

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0       SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1       Summary of findings

5.2       Conclusion

5.3       Recommendation

Biography

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0            There is no doubt that privation came in the hesitation of the policy of librization and the advancing for market based  reform..  It has also become an important  component

Globalization.

Privatization has since been  endorsed by multi  lateral financial institution as a major plank of adjustment policies , which are being , implemented in a number of developing country including Nigeria of course in development literature privatization as become the linchpin (things that is most important part of  an organization )  economic liberalism.

The advocate of privatization  believe that it is very effective stage for improving operational efficiency ,  broaden share  ownership ;, attracting foreign investment and reducing the role of the state in these areas where the private sector  process the capacity  to operate more efficiently and more productivity . (Jerome, 1999; 2)

Several countries in the developed and developing world are increasing privatizing state owned   enterprises. (SOES)  indeed, between 1988 and 1994, developing country sold about 3300 state owned enterprises.

The rush towards privatization in developing country most especially, has been attributed to the poor performance of publicly owned enterprises which has been largely managed by the staff. In the 70s, state enterprises where prominent in the extractive industries, utilities and infrastructure such as electricity railway, telecommunication etc. in Nigeria .unfortunately . this enterprises become  money guzzling outfit, rely on regular subsidies  from government and   survived only on the monopoly status they enjoyed.  Many of them were over staffed and were bally managed

All of this deficiency necessitated a rethinking on the roll and structure of publicly owned or state owned enterprises like  NEPA. The introduction of  SAP in 1986 set the tone for the process of privatization of public enterprises in Nigeria.

In spite of the foregoing justification for privatization,  it is important to point out ;that the private s sector in Nigeria as depended  largely on the state for; its survival studies have showed that in terms of investment of productivity

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Tags: THE EFFECTOF PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT OWNED INDUSTRIES

THE EFFECTOF PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT OWNED INDUSTRIES

ABSTRACT

The government felt that some public sector businesses are performing below expectations. Some  incurred debts, which are being repaid and serviced by the government. The government also became worried that substantial part of its capital votes were used to support public enterprises whose provision of goods and services were often expensive, inefficient and subject to political manipulation. The Federal government therefore decided to privatize and commercialize these enterprises as a way of saving and instilling the spirit of efficiency in the effected areas of enterprises.

An explicit step by step procedure is to be used in the research methodology. The use of primary and secondary sources of data collection is to be  applied. The research based with in Enugu metropolis. An elaboration discussion and interview with specialists and members of staff of Nigeria Breweries (NBL) is to be done. Also the use of real materials by professionals and learned men is applied.

However, the research is confronted with a good number of factors which constricts the research .time being the first constricts the combination of my lectures, Assignments and personal chores is a bit furious. Money which has ordinarily constituted a hindrance is not adequately provided for the research, which needed enough cash for transportation, information and material. The protocols to be observed is not welcoming, things are  unnecessary  prolonged. The  last and never the leastwise inadequate braise, material, research guidance and experts in the project research topic who suppose to give a professional advice.

Meanwhile, I believe this research topic has a long way in reducing financial malpractice, bringing financial relief for the government, bringing productivity and quality, help raise government revenue, lesson the dominance of unproductive investments in the public sector, develop capital market and promote enterprises and industrialization etc.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Cover page

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Inspiration

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

1,0   INTRODUCTION

Background of study

Statement of the problems

Objective of the study

Research questions

Significant of study

Research hypothesis

Scope and limitation of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.0       RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1       Meaning and definition

2.2       Objective commercialization

2.3       Objective privatization

2.4        Objective and main provision of the degree

2.5       Argument and implications

2.6       References

CHAPTER THREE

3.0       RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1       Source of primary data

3.2       Source of secondary date

3.3       Research population

3.4       Sample size

3.5       Method ;of investigation

3.6       Method of ;analysis

3.7       Interview questions

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1       Distributions and return questionnaire

4.2       Analysis of research data

4.3       Test of hypothesis and prove

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0       SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1       Summary of findings

5.2       Conclusion

5.3       Recommendation

Biography

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0            There is no doubt that privation came in the hesitation of the policy of librization and the advancing for market based  reform..  It has also become an important  component

Globalization.

Privatization has since been  endorsed by multi  lateral financial institution as a major plank of adjustment policies , which are being , implemented in a number of developing country including Nigeria of course in development literature privatization as become the linchpin (things that is most important part of  an organization )  economic liberalism.

The advocate of privatization  believe that it is very effective stage for improving operational efficiency ,  broaden share  ownership ;, attracting foreign investment and reducing the role of the state in these areas where the private sector  process the capacity  to operate more efficiently and more productivity . (Jerome, 1999; 2)

Several countries in the developed and developing world are increasing privatizing state owned   enterprises. (SOES)  indeed, between 1988 and 1994, developing country sold about 3300 state owned enterprises.

The rush towards privatization in developing country most especially, has been attributed to the poor performance of publicly owned enterprises which has been largely managed by the staff. In the 70s, state enterprises where prominent in the extractive industries, utilities and infrastructure such as electricity railway, telecommunication etc. in Nigeria .unfortunately . this enterprises become  money guzzling outfit, rely on regular subsidies  from government and   survived only on the monopoly status they enjoyed.  Many of them were over staffed and were bally managed

All of this deficiency necessitated a rethinking on the roll and structure of publicly owned or state owned enterprises like  NEPA. The introduction of  SAP in 1986 set the tone for the process of privatization of public enterprises in Nigeria.

In spite of the foregoing justification for privatization,  it is important to point out ;that the private s sector in Nigeria as depended  largely on the state for; its survival studies have showed that in terms of investment of productivity

HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK

PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).

HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)

After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to

08068231953 or 08168759420

(1)    Your project topics

(2)     Email Address

(3)     Payment Name

(4)    Teller Number

We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 0046579864

Bank: GTBank.

OR

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 2023350498

Bank: UBA.

HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD

As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.

But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.

Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.

No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner

CAUTION/WARNING

Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project.  Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.

That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:

08068231953 or 08168759420

Visit any of my project websites below:

www.easyprojectmaterials.com

www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng

www.easyprojectmaterial.net

www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng

www.easyprojectsolutions.com

www.worldofnolimit.com

www.worldofnolimit.com

www.nairaproject.com.ng

www.nairaprojects.com.ng

www.nairaproject.net

www.nairaprojects.net

www.uniproject.com.ng

www.uniprojects.com.ng

Tags: THE EFFECTOF PRIVATIZATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT OWNED INDUSTRIES

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM AND IT’S IMPACT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANIES (A CASE STUDY OF PHINORMA NIGERIA LIMITED NGWO)

1.1     INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The concept of internal control system is becoming increasingly useful in the practice of modern audit that it will be worth while understanding the subject matter and the role it plays in the effective management of a business enterprise. The existence of internal control system in an organization is of great assistance to both the management and the auditions of such an organization.

Not only does it aid the management in the process of decision making, it also provide a base upon which the auditions place reliance when carrying out his audit. With a sound knowledge of the system of internal control operative in a firm, one can easily make a valid judgement on why a firm failed or succeed in its business within the period under review.

According to Holmes (1964, 78) who maintained that as business organization have grown in physical size, as operations have expended in complexity, and as transactions have supplies itself promptly with reliable data based on the objectives of assets presentation, error elimination and income determination. The method of procedures adopted by a business to control its operations provides the management with an assurance that the data available are authentic and factual.

Such system of control comprises measures taken by an organization for the purpose of protecting its resources against waste and fraud, ensuring accuracy and reliability of accounting and operating data, seeming compliance with company’s policy and evaluating the level of performance in all the sections company. In the words of Meigs (1997, 8) the basic principle of internal control in that no one person should handle all phase of a transaction from beginning to the end. He remarked that when business operations are organized that two or more employees are required to participate in every transaction; the work of one employee gives proof of the accuracy of the work of another.

The primary aim of any organization is to achieve a maximum profit at a minimum cost. This is made possible by the institute of internal control system which acts as a canopy section of an organization.

This type of control existing in a firm therefore plays a very important role in the sense that it helps in the efficient conduct of the firms business consequently. Internal control has been defined by the institution of chartered accountant of England Wales (vol. xix no 17, 36) as the while system of controls, financial and other wise established by management in order to carry on the business of the enterprise in an orderly and efficient manner, ensure adherence to management policies, safeguard the assets secure as far as possible the completeness and accuracy of the records.

It could be inferred from the above definition that internal control system embraces other controls such as internal check and internal audit which operates by appraising and reputing the effectiveness of other control. This will minimize errors, fraud and ensure the presentation of accurate and reliable data. The success of failure of an enterprise depends on a large extent on how effective the system of control is, therefore the hope of the researcher that this study will not only be useful to both employers and employees in the private limited companies but also to investors and provided of capital to both public and private enterprises.

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

According to Osuala (1987, 36) the statement of problem serves to elaborate upon the information in the title of the study. This study is concerned with the examination of internal control system and its impact on the business of PHINORMA Nig. Ltd Ngwo. The problem could be categorized as general control and application control which firm the basic of internal control system in any organization.

A research project has two important parts namely: –

The question posed and the answers. The researcher seeks to find out the extent to which the system of internal control on PHINORMA Nig LTD Ngwo influences the business by addressing them to the following questions:-

1.        i.            Are all transactions from beginning to the handled by the same set of individuals?
2.      ii.            How far has the existence of internal audit helped to minimize errors and fraud in the company?
3.   iii.            Are employees being supervised made to know their responsibilities and the consequence of failing to carry them out?
4.   iv.            Does all staff see the company’s goal as a joint responsibility?
5.      v.            Does the company take adequate step to safeguard their assets including debts being owned to it?

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH

The objective of research implies the aims of the researcher in the undertaking the research. It is an overview of the study itself and related very much to its problem in view of the problem state and subsequent questions posed the objectives of this research include the following: –

1.        i.            To assess the strength and weakness of internal control system in PHINORMA Nig Ltd Ngwo with the view to determining their ability to minimize fraud.
2.      ii.            To discuss as far as possible how mismanagement in the manufacturing sector could be curtailed through the institution of a good internal control system.
3.   iii.            To ascertain how far the internal control system in PHINORMA had aided the management in the realization of their organization’s objectives.
4.   iv.            To make necessary recommendation on how to correct lapses which may be discovered at the course of this research.
5.      v.            To increase the knowledge of research on the internal control system operative in PHINORMA Nig Ltd Ngwo.

1.4     SCOPE AND DELIMITATION SCOPE

This according to Osuala (1987, 28) is concerned with the those parts of topic or problems that normally might be considered to be part of such but which because of limitation of time or other reason, the researcher cannot or does not wish to include, the thus the researcher would have to restrict herself to a particular area of concentrate at specific period of time. So the scope of the research is the effectiveness of the internal control system and its impact on the activities of PHINORMA Nig. Ltd Ngwo.  The firm is made up of one several departments and sections. For a better appraisal of internal control system in the firm, one would need to visit several departments and officers’ in-charge in such departments to access their system of controls.

DELIMITATIONS: –

The researcher encounters a lot of problems while carrying out her work. Some are worth mentioning hence they have much bearing with the atmosphere within which the project work has undertaken.

Firstly, time factor: – There is no enough time for the researcher to do research work thoroughly. During such short time, the researcher battled with the project and semester’s work load. This hindered the opportunity of carrying out a data led the research work as could befit the project at hand.

Secondly, the uncompromising attitude of the staff of the firm; these people were not prepared to give out some necessary information needed for reasons of secrecy and self presentation of vital documents. Consequently, for reasons of fairness some valuable information including actual documents sourced mentioned or shown in the project.

Finally, the last problem but not the least was lack of fund to meet occasional demand for transportation fare and other related necessary materials to enhance a hitch free research work.

1.5     RESEARCH QUESTIONS

It is an overview of the study itself and very much related to the problem in view and objective of the research. It includes the following: –

1.        i.            To what extent does the strength and weakness of internal control system in PHINORMA with the view of determining their ability to minimize fraud?
2.      ii.            To what extent does mismanagement in the manufacturing sector could be curtailed through the institution of good internal control system.
3.   iii.            To what extent does internal control in PHINOMA aided the management in the realization of their organizational objective?
4.   iv.            To what extent are recommendations on how to correct lapses which may be discovered at the course of the research?
5.      v.            To what extent does increase in PHINORMA Nig Ltd being the focus of this study produces
   1. Phinorma Bread
   2. Soy Chips
   3. Soy Pops

The purpose of this study is to access the strength and weakness of internal control system in Phinorma Nig Ltd with the view of determining their ability to minimize fraud. Also to discuss as far as possible how mismanagement in the manufacturing sector could be curtailed through the institution of internal control system.

The primary aim of Phinorma Nig Ltd is to maximize profit at a minimum cost. Their accounting records shall be sufficient to show and explain the transaction of the company and shall be such as to disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company. This accounting contain entries from day to day of all sum of money received and expended by the company and the matter in respect of which the receipt and expenditure take place and records of assets and liabilities of the company. To live up to the expectation of such responsibility, the management of Phinorma has to evolve a strong system of internal control which would not only spell out a clear segregation of duties among its employees but also set in motion the machinery of careful supervision of their activities and detailed recording of transactions in order to minimize fraud and safeguard the assets of the company.

On the contrary, it is unusual to hear cases of fraud and mismanagement involving the employees of companies; such is a clear manifestation of non-existence of internal control system in the affected companies or that the existing system or totally assent, and member of the organization. Pyle (1975; 200) there would be nothing but confusion as to what has been ordered, received, and there would be error, duplications, shortage and payment for goods not received plus unlimited opportunities for fraud through kickboards to dishonest employees and through payment of factors invoices.

The institution of this system plays a very important role in the sense that its helps in the efficient conduct of the firms business consequently.

1.5     RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions were formulated in order to find solutions to numerous problems states in the statement of problem. Also to determine the effectiveness and impact of internal control system in Phinorma Nig Ltd. the following research questions are very necessary.

Does internal control in Phinorma aid the management in the realization of their organizational objectives?

Could mismanagement in manufacturing sector be curtailed through the institution of good internal control system?

Are there recommendations on how to correct lapses which may be discovered at the course of this research?

Is there any increase in the knowledge of research on the internal control system operative in Phinorma Nig Ltd?

What are the ability of internal control system in Phinorma with the view to minimize fraud.

The knowledge of research on the internal control system operative in Phinorma Nig Ltd Ngwo?

1.6     SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This refers to the importance or usefulness of the research to the private limited companies, the individuals and the public at large. The ultimate aim of every research is to provide knowledge and information that will bring about a better understanding of the topic under review.

This study is aimed at providing an understanding of the effectiveness of internal control system as obtainable in the Phinorma Nig Ltd Ngwo.

In addition, the researcher will be able to know the extent to which internal control system in the company have helped the management in the realization of the firm’s objectives.

The research will also enable the management to appraise the internal control system in operations with a view to correcting any lapses which may be evident during the investigation process. When completed the research finding and recommendations will form a base to be relied upon by subsequence researchers which may wish to make further inquires into the system of internal control operating In Phnorma Nig Ltd Ngwo.

1.7     DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

This is the meaning of some of the key words used by the researcher in the context of this study. It includes: –

Control: – Has been defined by Cook (1976, 135) as the planning, implementation, evaluating and correction of performance in order to ensure that organization objectives are achieved. In involves organizational structure, procedure and records.

Fraud: –  According to Mill Champ (1987,16) it has been defined by the committee guide line on Auditing practices as irregularities involving the use of criminal deception to obtain an unjust or illegal advantage. As applied to accounting, fraud constitutes any act or omission of an act that is required or the commission of a deceitful and therefore dishonest nature.

Execution: – The entire cycle of steps necessary to complete the exchange of assets between the parties or the transfer or use of assets within the business.

Recording: – All records maintained for transactions and the resulting assets or services and all functions performed for those records.

Investigation: – Refers to the examination of the records and accounts of an organization for specific purpose and for a specific period. The purpose may be for obtaining information of particular nature of work required by a client or in the case of fraud for the purpose of ascertaining its extent.

HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK

PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).

HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)

After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to

08068231953 or 08168759420

(1)    Your project topics

(2)     Email Address

(3)     Payment Name

(4)    Teller Number

We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 0046579864

Bank: GTBank.

OR

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 2023350498

Bank: UBA.

HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD

As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.

But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.

Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.

No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner

CAUTION/WARNING

Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project.  Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.

That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:

08068231953 or 08168759420

Visit any of my project websites below:

www.easyprojectmaterials.com

www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng

www.easyprojectmaterial.net

www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng

www.easyprojectsolutions.com

www.worldofnolimit.com

www.worldofnolimit.com

www.nairaproject.com.ng

www.nairaprojects.com.ng

www.nairaproject.net

www.nairaprojects.net

www.uniproject.com.ng

www.uniprojects.com.ng

Tags: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM AND IT’S IMPACT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANIES (A CASE STUDY OF PHINORMA NIGERIA LIMITED NGWO)

STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF IKWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EBONYI STATE)

  INTRODUCTION

In Nigeria, local government reform has been a continues exercise. No single regime-colonial or indigenous, civil or military, regional or state government that came to power passed without making attempt of reforming the local government system.  Even though the 1976 reform has surpassed all its predecessors, it was in fact part and parcel of the continuing structural adjustment of the country’s political evolution and development.  On the whole, the 1976 reform was a major departure from the previous practice of local government administration; for introduce a uniform system throughout the country.

The reform was first and foremost aimed at giving local government a definite role in the country by making it a functional thrift tier of government.  The 1979 constitution indeed assumed the existence of local governments and provided adequately for its functions and powers in the second republic.  Nevertheless, both it’s existence and functions were to be provided for in a law to be enacted by state government.  According to section 7(1) of the 1979 constitution.

Ikwo local government came into existence in the year 1979 under Enugu state before the present mother state Ebonyi state were created in 1996.

Since then, they have had up to 7 chairman, 10 sole administrator and 6 care taker committee chairman, in total 23 of them among which Mr. V.E Nwoo was the first (Sept. 19979) and Hon. David Onuoha the present

1.1.             BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The subject, financial accountability is vital to any organization be it profit oriented or non-profit oriented.  Lack of financial accountability results in embezzlement, fraud and misappropriation of funds.

The peculiar nature of Nigeria economy has made any topic in accountability, financial or otherwise worth discussing.  The value our society attach to wealth, which nobody is concerned to how wealthy one is, has made many people to begin to pursue wealth by all means thereby ignoring the fact that they are accountable tot he public for the public funds and properties entrusted I their care.

It is due to the problems mentioned above which are associated with lack of financial accountability in any organization that has motivated the researcher to choose the topic “strategies for enhancing financial accountability in the local government system in Nigeria through a system of control” Ikwo local government area in Ebonyi state has been chosen as a case study in trying to discuss how effective internal control will achieve financial accountability.

Internal control system comprises the plan of organization and all co-ordinating method and measure, adopted within the management to safeguard the assets of the organization, check accuracy and reliability of its accounting data, promote operational efficiency and encourage adherence to prescribed managerial policies.

This research focus on finding if the reference organization has installed this control system and if so, how effective it is as to enhance early detection of mistakes, deliberate misappropriation and equally checks collusion, fraud or embezzlement of funds through proper authorization, reliability of financial records, safe guarding of assets and hence maintenance of financial accountability.

However, the ability of any organization t enhance its financial accountability depends mostly on the type and effectiveness of it’s internal control system.

1.2.             STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Every policy formulated or constituted would have been a success if they are being carried out.

But adherence to planned policies by employees are the problems of managing organization.  The problem of policy execution is further compounded by the evolution of large organizations.  There is therefore, the need for an internal control system.  Internal control is such an indispensable tool in the hard of management if it wishes to obtain adequate and useful information, protect organization assets and control successive operations which lead to enhancing financial accountability.  Many control procedure whose effectiveness on segregation of duties are being circumvented by the collusion of the employees is yet another problem.  The degree of compliance with the control procedures are often to deteriorate due to negligence of duty.  Carelessness, mistakes and even personal factors.  These factors are problems to the organization and eventually undermine the effectiveness and efficiency of the internal control system if not taken are of:

1. How adequately are subordinates adhering to the internal control measure?
2. What measure should management adopt to test observance of internal control procedures?
3. Should internal auditing be an adequate means of checking circumvention of internal control measure?
4. Should management rely on internal auditing to appraise the efficiency and adherence to internal control?
5. Should the effectiveness of internal control be relief on for adequate financial accountability?

These questions prompt the need for a research study of the kind embarked upon ere, and they are further addressed in subsequent chapter of the project.

1.3.             OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of an organization that maintains a good internal control system is to maintain efficiency, profitability apparatus, viability prospects and of course accountability of the entire organization.  It is the purpose of this study therefore, to have a close look and know if there is any system of internal control existing in the Ikwo Local Government Area.  If there is, to know to what extent this has assisted in attaining financial accountability in the local government area.

The important areas which the researcher want to look into are as follows:

1. To ascertain the step taken, when inefficiency is dictated I the internal control system and to know the effect on accountability of the organization.
2. To know whether there is a system of adequate authorization and recording to provide reasonable accounting control over assets, liabilities, revenue and expenditures.
3. To ascertain whether there is adequate division or segregation of duties at various levels of management in the organization.
4. To understand a critical appraisal of the system generally and suggest solutions where the  system is find ineffective.
5. To suggest ways of enhancing early detection of mistakes, deliberate misappropriation, checks collusion, fraud or embezzlement of funds.

1.4.             SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Financial accountability through different effective control has been much discussed in the recent days in Nigeria.  Every programme and policy of organization has accountability as nor of the things that is to be achieved.  Due to lack of internal control system, most people that were entrusted with public funds on many occasions embezzle them without being held accountable for the sum.

Many has led to the folding up of some private and public enterprises, which local government areas also suffer.  To save these ugly situations, investigations and corrections are to be made as regard those things that cause ineffective internal control.

This is because the effect of ineffective internal control is lack of accountability, increased losses and eventually reduction in the organizations level of profitability.  A control are therefore devised and is this research, the importance of effective internal control system is emphasized to enhance financial accountability in the local government areas in Nigeria using Ikwo local government area as a case study.

Effective internal control system, I believe will enhance financial accountability.

This is because effective internal control system which involves proper authorization that help management in planning, segregation of duties which leads to early detection of mistakes and deliberate misrepresentation, adherence tot he laid down policies of the organization which lead to an effectiveness, regular checks and supervision which make for proper accountability and adequate competitive measure will go a long way towards preventing some refarious activities.  Such activities s fraud, misappropriation, embezzlement and other social ills being perpetrated by some of the worker in the local government area.

1.5.             RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Based on the problem and objectives of this research the following questions abounds:

1. Is effective internal control system possible control to enhance financial accountability?
2. Can effective internal control system eliminate fraud and enhances a prudent allocation of an organization resources?
3. Has Ikwo local government area being maintaining adequate division or segregation of duties at various levels of management?
4. Can Ikwo local government area boast of adequate authorization and recording to provide reasonable accounting control over assets and liabilities, revenue and expenditure?
5. Does effective internal control system enhance early detection of mistake; deliberate misappropriation fraud and/or embezzlement of management fund?

1.6.             RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The researcher has been able to formulate the following hypothesis from the above questions:

1. Ho: (Null hypothesis) effective internal control system does not enhance financial accountability.

Hi (alternative bypothesis0 effective internal control system enhances financial accountability.

1. Ho:  effective internal control system cannot eliminate fraud and enhance prudent allocation of an organization resources.
2. Ho: Ikwo local government has not being maintaining adequate division or segregation of duties at various levels of management

Hi:  Ikwo local government has being maintaining adequate division or segregation of duties at various levels of management.

1. Ho: Ikwo local government does not maintain adequate authorization and recording to provide reasonable accounting control over assets and liabilities, revenue and expenditure.

Hi: Ikwo local government maintained adequate authorization and recording to provide reasonable accounting control over assets and liabilities, revenue and expenditure.

1. Ho: Effective internal control system does not enhance early detection of mistakes, deliberate misappropriation, fraud and/or embezzlement of management fund.

1.7.             SCOPE OR DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Internal control is made up of administrative internal control and accounting financial control.  The former refers to the decision-making process leading to the management authorization’s objective.

It is also basis of establishing accounting or financial control.  This is because the administrative control sees to the employment of the right people and makes sure that they do their normal work assigned to their the safeguarding of assets and the reliability of financial records to ensure that transactions are executed with management specifications.

The areas the researcher covered include all the local government activities especially those that can be reduced to financial terms.  The scope of the research is the accounting (financial) internal control maintain accountability, as the topic suggests.  Ordering of revenue receipts and embarking on project revenue and expenditure incurred.

Though internal control is based concepts, the control measures will be the only one to be computed for analytical purposes.  Respondents to the study will be spread over all the departments and even beyond the organization. However, a certain sampling procedure as will be seen later, is adopted to achieve a certain level of reliability a concerned with those who can provide financial instructions on information. The financial records will be studies to know the effectiveness of the internal control system in Ikwo local government area.

1.8.             DEFINITION OF TERMS

There are many variables that need definition under this heading. It will however amount to exercise in question to use discernment to know in advance which words and phrases will occur in the process this research.  Others will be added as they occur in the research findings and literature review.

ACCOUNTABILITY: This is defined as the obligation which one has to answer for one’s action in the process of discharging his duties.  This means that one is held to account or be answerable for anything that is entrusted to his care anytime the need arises.

This is used to check the exercise s of the employees in an organization as they are made answerable, accountable to their immediate head or any others assigned to conduct the check.

ADMINISTRATIVE INTERNAL CONTROL: This is concerned with the management process leading t authorization of transaction and seeing that they are carried out.  This management function is aimed at achieving the objectives of the organization.  It is the starting point for establishing accounting control of transaction.

          ACCOUNTING INTERNAL CONTROL: Financial (accounting) internal control is concerned with the reliability of financial records.  The safeguarding of assets and provision of reasonable assurance that there is accountability.  This is done to be in accordance with General Accepted accounting Principles (GAAP).  This is used for internal assessment and of help to find out variances.

HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK

PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).

HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)

After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to

08068231953 or 08168759420

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(2)     Email Address

(3)     Payment Name

(4)    Teller Number

We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 0046579864

Bank: GTBank.

OR

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 2023350498

Bank: UBA.

HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD

As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.

But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.

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That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.

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08068231953 or 08168759420

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Tags: EBONYI STATE), STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF IKWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF IKWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EBONYI STATE)

STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING FINANACIAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF IKWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EBONYI STATE)

  INTRODUCTION

In Nigeria, local government reform has been a continues exercise. No single regime-colonial or indigenous, civil or military, regional or state government that came to power passed without making attempt of reforming the local government system.  Even though the 1976 reform has surpassed all its predecessors, it was in fact part and parcel of the continuing structural adjustment of the country’s political evolution and development.  On the whole, the 1976 reform was a major departure from the previous practice of local government administration; for introduce a uniform system throughout the country.

The reform was first and foremost aimed at giving local government a definite role in the country by making it a functional thrift tier of government.  The 1979 constitution indeed assumed the existence of local governments and provided adequately for its functions and powers in the second republic.  Nevertheless, both it’s existence and functions were to be provided for in a law to be enacted by state government.  According to section 7(1) of the 1979 constitution.

Ikwo local government came into existence in the year 1979 under Enugu state before the present mother state Ebonyi state were created in 1996.

Since then, they have had up to 7 chairman, 10 sole administrator and 6 care taker committee chairman, in total 23 of them among which Mr. V.E Nwoo was the first (Sept. 19979) and Hon. David Onuoha the present

1.1.             BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The subject, financial accountability is vital to any organization be it profit oriented or non-profit oriented.  Lack of financial accountability results in embezzlement, fraud and misappropriation of funds.

The peculiar nature of Nigeria economy has made any topic in accountability, financial or otherwise worth discussing.  The value our society attach to wealth, which nobody is concerned to how wealthy one is, has made many people to begin to pursue wealth by all means thereby ignoring the fact that they are accountable tot he public for the public funds and properties entrusted I their care.

It is due to the problems mentioned above which are associated with lack of financial accountability in any organization that has motivated the researcher to choose the topic “strategies for enhancing financial accountability in the local government system in Nigeria through a system of control” Ikwo local government area in Ebonyi state has been chosen as a case study in trying to discuss how effective internal control will achieve financial accountability.

Internal control system comprises the plan of organization and all co-ordinating method and measure, adopted within the management to safeguard the assets of the organization, check accuracy and reliability of its accounting data, promote operational efficiency and encourage adherence to prescribed managerial policies.

This research focus on finding if the reference organization has installed this control system and if so, how effective it is as to enhance early detection of mistakes, deliberate misappropriation and equally checks collusion, fraud or embezzlement of funds through proper authorization, reliability of financial records, safe guarding of assets and hence maintenance of financial accountability.

However, the ability of any organization t enhance its financial accountability depends mostly on the type and effectiveness of it’s internal control system.

1.2.             STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Every policy formulated or constituted would have been a success if they are being carried out.

But adherence to planned policies by employees are the problems of managing organization.  The problem of policy execution is further compounded by the evolution of large organizations.  There is therefore, the need for an internal control system.  Internal control is such an indispensable tool in the hard of management if it wishes to obtain adequate and useful information, protect organization assets and control successive operations which lead to enhancing financial accountability.  Many control procedure whose effectiveness on segregation of duties are being circumvented by the collusion of the employees is yet another problem.  The degree of compliance with the control procedures are often to deteriorate due to negligence of duty.  Carelessness, mistakes and even personal factors.  These factors are problems to the organization and eventually undermine the effectiveness and efficiency of the internal control system if not taken are of:

1. How adequately are subordinates adhering to the internal control measure?
2. What measure should management adopt to test observance of internal control procedures?
3. Should internal auditing be an adequate means of checking circumvention of internal control measure?
4. Should management rely on internal auditing to appraise the efficiency and adherence to internal control?
5. Should the effectiveness of internal control be relief on for adequate financial accountability?

These questions prompt the need for a research study of the kind embarked upon ere, and they are further addressed in subsequent chapter of the project.

1.3.             OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of an organization that maintains a good internal control system is to maintain efficiency, profitability apparatus, viability prospects and of course accountability of the entire organization.  It is the purpose of this study therefore, to have a close look and know if there is any system of internal control existing in the Ikwo Local Government Area.  If there is, to know to what extent this has assisted in attaining financial accountability in the local government area.

The important areas which the researcher want to look into are as follows:

1. To ascertain the step taken, when inefficiency is dictated I the internal control system and to know the effect on accountability of the organization.
2. To know whether there is a system of adequate authorization and recording to provide reasonable accounting control over assets, liabilities, revenue and expenditures.
3. To ascertain whether there is adequate division or segregation of duties at various levels of management in the organization.
4. To understand a critical appraisal of the system generally and suggest solutions where the  system is find ineffective.
5. To suggest ways of enhancing early detection of mistakes, deliberate misappropriation, checks collusion, fraud or embezzlement of funds.

1.4.             SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Financial accountability through different effective control has been much discussed in the recent days in Nigeria.  Every programme and policy of organization has accountability as nor of the things that is to be achieved.  Due to lack of internal control system, most people that were entrusted with public funds on many occasions embezzle them without being held accountable for the sum.

Many has led to the folding up of some private and public enterprises, which local government areas also suffer.  To save these ugly situations, investigations and corrections are to be made as regard those things that cause ineffective internal control.

This is because the effect of ineffective internal control is lack of accountability, increased losses and eventually reduction in the organizations level of profitability.  A control are therefore devised and is this research, the importance of effective internal control system is emphasized to enhance financial accountability in the local government areas in Nigeria using Ikwo local government area as a case study.

Effective internal control system, I believe will enhance financial accountability.

This is because effective internal control system which involves proper authorization that help management in planning, segregation of duties which leads to early detection of mistakes and deliberate misrepresentation, adherence tot he laid down policies of the organization which lead to an effectiveness, regular checks and supervision which make for proper accountability and adequate competitive measure will go a long way towards preventing some refarious activities.  Such activities s fraud, misappropriation, embezzlement and other social ills being perpetrated by some of the worker in the local government area.

1.5.             RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Based on the problem and objectives of this research the following questions abounds:

1. Is effective internal control system possible control to enhance financial accountability?
2. Can effective internal control system eliminate fraud and enhances a prudent allocation of an organization resources?
3. Has Ikwo local government area being maintaining adequate division or segregation of duties at various levels of management?
4. Can Ikwo local government area boast of adequate authorization and recording to provide reasonable accounting control over assets and liabilities, revenue and expenditure?
5. Does effective internal control system enhance early detection of mistake; deliberate misappropriation fraud and/or embezzlement of management fund?

1.6.             RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The researcher has been able to formulate the following hypothesis from the above questions:

1. Ho: (Null hypothesis) effective internal control system does not enhance financial accountability.

Hi (alternative bypothesis0 effective internal control system enhances financial accountability.

1. Ho:  effective internal control system cannot eliminate fraud and enhance prudent allocation of an organization resources.
2. Ho: Ikwo local government has not being maintaining adequate division or segregation of duties at various levels of management

Hi:  Ikwo local government has being maintaining adequate division or segregation of duties at various levels of management.

1. Ho: Ikwo local government does not maintain adequate authorization and recording to provide reasonable accounting control over assets and liabilities, revenue and expenditure.

Hi: Ikwo local government maintained adequate authorization and recording to provide reasonable accounting control over assets and liabilities, revenue and expenditure.

1. Ho: Effective internal control system does not enhance early detection of mistakes, deliberate misappropriation, fraud and/or embezzlement of management fund.

1.7.             SCOPE OR DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Internal control is made up of administrative internal control and accounting financial control.  The former refers to the decision-making process leading to the management authorization’s objective.

It is also basis of establishing accounting or financial control.  This is because the administrative control sees to the employment of the right people and makes sure that they do their normal work assigned to their the safeguarding of assets and the reliability of financial records to ensure that transactions are executed with management specifications.

The areas the researcher covered include all the local government activities especially those that can be reduced to financial terms.  The scope of the research is the accounting (financial) internal control maintain accountability, as the topic suggests.  Ordering of revenue receipts and embarking on project revenue and expenditure incurred.

Though internal control is based concepts, the control measures will be the only one to be computed for analytical purposes.  Respondents to the study will be spread over all the departments and even beyond the organization. However, a certain sampling procedure as will be seen later, is adopted to achieve a certain level of reliability a concerned with those who can provide financial instructions on information. The financial records will be studies to know the effectiveness of the internal control system in Ikwo local government area.

1.8.             DEFINITION OF TERMS

There are many variables that need definition under this heading. It will however amount to exercise in question to use discernment to know in advance which words and phrases will occur in the process this research.  Others will be added as they occur in the research findings and literature review.

ACCOUNTABILITY: This is defined as the obligation which one has to answer for one’s action in the process of discharging his duties.  This means that one is held to account or be answerable for anything that is entrusted to his care anytime the need arises.

This is used to check the exercise s of the employees in an organization as they are made answerable, accountable to their immediate head or any others assigned to conduct the check.

ADMINISTRATIVE INTERNAL CONTROL: This is concerned with the management process leading t authorization of transaction and seeing that they are carried out.  This management function is aimed at achieving the objectives of the organization.  It is the starting point for establishing accounting control of transaction.

          ACCOUNTING INTERNAL CONTROL: Financial (accounting) internal control is concerned with the reliability of financial records.  The safeguarding of assets and provision of reasonable assurance that there is accountability.  This is done to be in accordance with General Accepted accounting Principles (GAAP).  This is used for internal assessment and of help to find out variances.

HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK

PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).

HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)

After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to

08068231953 or 08168759420

(1)    Your project topics

(2)     Email Address

(3)     Payment Name

(4)    Teller Number

We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 0046579864

Bank: GTBank.

OR

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 2023350498

Bank: UBA.

HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD

As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.

But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.

Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.

No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner

CAUTION/WARNING

Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project.  Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.

That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:

08068231953 or 08168759420

Visit any of my project websites below:

www.easyprojectmaterials.com

www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng

www.easyprojectmaterial.net

www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng

www.easyprojectsolutions.com

www.worldofnolimit.com

www.worldofnolimit.com

www.nairaproject.com.ng

www.nairaprojects.com.ng

www.nairaproject.net

www.nairaprojects.net

www.uniproject.com.ng

www.uniprojects.com.ng

Tags: EBONYI STATE), STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF IKWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

SPIRAL GROWTH OF BANKS IN NIGERIA. MANPOWER PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS. (A CASE STUDY OF A SELECTED COMMERCIAL BANK IN DELTA STATE).

SPIRAL GROWTH OF BANKS IN NIGERIA.  MANPOWER PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS.  (A CASE STUDY OF A SELECTED COMMERCIAL BANK IN DELTA STATE).

ABSTRACT

A research into the spiral rgowth of banks in Nigeria: manpower problems and solutions, cannot be over emphasized.  In pursuance of this investigation the researcher formulated four research objectives, utilized library and sample survey techniques.

Data were gathered through  primary and secondary sources and were  then analyed using tabular and textual modes of data presentation.

The major finding of the research was the institutional arrangements available to the banking industry to train and develop it manpower in order to match the growth in order to match the growth in the industry are adequate and sufficient.  It was further discovered that the problems being encountered by banks due to inadequate manpower included frequent  roaching of professionally trained stuff, high compensation levels, considerable dilution of standards, high and indespread non utilization of modern management techniques, poor banking services and weak  internal control.  Others include bad loan portfolio problems, contravention of statutory regulations, unethical credit policies and other unacceptable practices.

Some recommendations were made which if implemented would guarantee an abundant and professionally trained manpower for the banking industry.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The  successful completion of this work could not have been possible without the effort and support given to me by a lot of people.  Among them include Mr. & Mrs. Uti, Alice Uti, Monday Uti, Isaiah & Regina Uti and a host of others.  Their courage, financial and moral support had made it possible for the completion of this job.

I am also greatly indebted to my project supervisor Sir D.C Osuagwu for his guidance during the course of this research work.  Indeed, his tolerance, patience and fatherly advice had spurred me to greater height.

Again, I wish to thank the librarian institute of management and Technology (IMT) Enugu for their support in sorting out needed material for the research.

Above all, I am grateful to the Almighty God for granting me the enabling grace to scale through the academic hurdles inspite of many hindrances.  My Lord, I remain grateful to you.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ASTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2            STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

1.3            OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.4            HYPOTHESIS

1.5            SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.6            SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

2.0            REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1     BANKING INDUSTRY AND MANPOWER GENERATION IN NIGERIA

2.2            MANPOWER CHALLENGES OF THE GROWTH OF BANKING INDUSTRY

CHAPTER THREE

3.0            RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1     RESEARCH METHOD USED

1.2            POPULATION OF THE STUDY

1.3            DETERMINATIONOF THE SAMPLE SIZE

1.4            INSTRUMENTS OF DATA COLLECTION

1.5            PROCEDURE IN GATHERING DATA

1.6            CONSTRAINTS OF DATA COLLECTION

1.7            DATA TREATMENT TECHNIQUE

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0            PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

4.1     BACKGROUND INFORMATION

4.2            SOURCE OF MANPOWER AND ITS DEVELOPM ENT STRATEGIES

4.3            MANPOWER PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION TO THE GROWTH OF THE BANKING INDUSTRY

4.4            SUMMARY REPSONSES

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0            SUMMARY OF FINDING, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1     SUMMARY FO FINDINGS

5.2            RECOMMENDATIONS

5.3            CONCLUSIONS

5.4            BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In Nigeria, commercial and merchant banking date back to 1894 when the Bank of British West Africa (BBWA) was established and 1960 when Philip Hill (Nigeria) limited and Nigeria acceptances limited were set up.  Since thus, the general profile of the Nigera banking industry has transformed in various dimensions, and particularly, the growth in terms of number has been quite phenomenal.  Thus, the number of  comemrcial and merchant bansk in the country comes to 120 (with 2076 branches) as at the end of december, 1994 according to reports released by the central Bank of Nigeira.  This was unexpected because various policies put in place so as to achieve a realistic exchange rate for naira distrupted price levels.  Anthr reason for the increase in number of banks is the widening of the sphere which banks could operate.  The general deregulation permits banks to do lot more business and particularly the distribution between merchant and comemrcial banking.

Thereore, the upsurge in number of bank itself is a positive development because more people are now aware of banking services than before .  but the rapid expansion that has been envisaged above in the number of banks and their branches would no doubt require greater bank manpower throughout the system.  Bank management quite unlike the management of other business, is a specialized profession because its stock in trade (i.e. money) s so easy to defalcate.  Therefore, it calls for people of extremely high calibre and good training.  It is therefore, against this background that he researcher wishes to x-ray the manpower implications of this spiral growth of banks in Nigeria with a view to identify the problems and offer solutions.

1.2            STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

There is little doubt that he growth expansion and changing of commercial and merchant banking activities in Nigeria within the past

HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK

PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).

HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)

After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to

08068231953 or 08168759420

(1)    Your project topics

(2)     Email Address

(3)     Payment Name

(4)    Teller Number

We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 0046579864

Bank: GTBank.

OR

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 2023350498

Bank: UBA.

HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD

As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.

But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.

Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.

No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner

CAUTION/WARNING

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Tags: SPIRAL GROWTH OF BANKS IN NIGERIA. MANPOWER PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS. (A CASE STUDY OF A SELECTED COMMERCIAL BANK IN DELTA STATE).

SPIRAL GROWTH OF BANKS IN NIGERIA. MANPOWER PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS. (A CASE STUDY OF A SELECTED COMMERCIAL BANK IN DELTA STATE).

ABSTRACT

A research into the spiral rgowth of banks in Nigeria: manpower problems and solutions, cannot be over emphasized.  In pursuance of this investigation the researcher formulated four research objectives, utilized library and sample survey techniques.

Data were gathered through  primary and secondary sources and were  then analyed using tabular and textual modes of data presentation.

The major finding of the research was the institutional arrangements available to the banking industry to train and develop it manpower in order to match the growth in order to match the growth in the industry are adequate and sufficient.  It was further discovered that the problems being encountered by banks due to inadequate manpower included frequent  roaching of professionally trained stuff, high compensation levels, considerable dilution of standards, high and indespread non utilization of modern management techniques, poor banking services and weak  internal control.  Others include bad loan portfolio problems, contravention of statutory regulations, unethical credit policies and other unacceptable practices.

Some recommendations were made which if implemented would guarantee an abundant and professionally trained manpower for the banking industry.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The  successful completion of this work could not have been possible without the effort and support given to me by a lot of people.  Among them include Mr. & Mrs. Uti, Alice Uti, Monday Uti, Isaiah & Regina Uti and a host of others.  Their courage, financial and moral support had made it possible for the completion of this job.

I am also greatly indebted to my project supervisor Sir D.C Osuagwu for his guidance during the course of this research work.  Indeed, his tolerance, patience and fatherly advice had spurred me to greater height.

Again, I wish to thank the librarian institute of management and Technology (IMT) Enugu for their support in sorting out needed material for the research.

Above all, I am grateful to the Almighty God for granting me the enabling grace to scale through the academic hurdles inspite of many hindrances.  My Lord, I remain grateful to you.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ASTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2            STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

1.3            OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.4            HYPOTHESIS

1.5            SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.6            SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

2.0            REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1     BANKING INDUSTRY AND MANPOWER GENERATION IN NIGERIA

2.2            MANPOWER CHALLENGES OF THE GROWTH OF BANKING INDUSTRY

CHAPTER THREE

3.0            RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1     RESEARCH METHOD USED

1.2            POPULATION OF THE STUDY

1.3            DETERMINATIONOF THE SAMPLE SIZE

1.4            INSTRUMENTS OF DATA COLLECTION

1.5            PROCEDURE IN GATHERING DATA

1.6            CONSTRAINTS OF DATA COLLECTION

1.7            DATA TREATMENT TECHNIQUE

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0            PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

4.1     BACKGROUND INFORMATION

4.2            SOURCE OF MANPOWER AND ITS DEVELOPM ENT STRATEGIES

4.3            MANPOWER PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION TO THE GROWTH OF THE BANKING INDUSTRY

4.4            SUMMARY REPSONSES

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0            SUMMARY OF FINDING, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1     SUMMARY FO FINDINGS

5.2            RECOMMENDATIONS

5.3            CONCLUSIONS

5.4            BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In Nigeria, commercial and merchant banking date back to 1894 when the Bank of British West Africa (BBWA) was established and 1960 when Philip Hill (Nigeria) limited and Nigeria acceptances limited were set up.  Since thus, the general profile of the Nigera banking industry has transformed in various dimensions, and particularly, the growth in terms of number has been quite phenomenal.  Thus, the number of  comemrcial and merchant bansk in the country comes to 120 (with 2076 branches) as at the end of december, 1994 according to reports released by the central Bank of Nigeira.  This was unexpected because various policies put in place so as to achieve a realistic exchange rate for naira distrupted price levels.  Anthr reason for the increase in number of banks is the widening of the sphere which banks could operate.  The general deregulation permits banks to do lot more business and particularly the distribution between merchant and comemrcial banking.

Thereore, the upsurge in number of bank itself is a positive development because more people are now aware of banking services than before .  but the rapid expansion that has been envisaged above in the number of banks and their branches would no doubt require greater bank manpower throughout the system.  Bank management quite unlike the management of other business, is a specialized profession because its stock in trade (i.e. money) s so easy to defalcate.  Therefore, it calls for people of extremely high calibre and good training.  It is therefore, against this background that he researcher wishes to x-ray the manpower implications of this spiral growth of banks in Nigeria with a view to identify the problems and offer solutions.

1.2            STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

There is little doubt that he growth expansion and changing of commercial and merchant banking activities in Nigeria within the past

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Tags: SPIRAL GROWTH OF BANKS IN NIGERIA. MANPOWER PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS. (A CASE STUDY OF A SELECTED COMMERCIAL BANK IN DELTA STATE).

SMALL SCALE INVESTMENT: A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR EMPLOYMENT GENERATION A CASE STUDY OF GLOBAL SYSTEM OF MOBILE CONMMUNICATION (GSM)TELEPHONE BOOTH IN ENUGU METROPOLIS A DISSERATION

TABLE OF CONTENT

i.                        Title page-  –        –

ii.                        Approval page

iii.                        Dedication

iv.                        Acknowledgement

v.                        Proposal

vi.                        Table of the content

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1     Introduction

1.2     Background of the study

1.3     Statement of the research problem

1.4     The research question

1.5     The significant of the study

1.6     Research methodology

1.7     Scope and the limitation of the study

1.8     Definition of the terms

CHAPTER TWO

Review of related literature

2.1 Introduction

2.2`Definition of small scale investment

2.3 Form of business ownnership

2.4 Types of small scale business

2.5 Setting up a small scal business

2.6 Objective of small scale business

2.7 Sources of finance for small scale business

2.8 Procedures for acquiring a business loan

2.9 Importance of small scale business

2.10 Business challenges of small scale business

2.11 Government polices for promoting small scale investment

2.12 The role of financial institution in the          development of small-scale     business

2.13 Credit analysis of business enterprises by lending institutions

2.14 The basic principal for cannon of bank lending

2.15 Function of government support agencies

2.16 Employment generating capacity of small-scale industries

2.17 Problem faced by small scale investments

2.18 Prospect of small scale investment

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Source of data

3.3 Method of data collection

3.4 Population

3.5 Sampling techniques

3.6 Validity and reliability

CHAPTER FOUR

Data presentation and analysis

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Data presentation and analysis

4.3 Interpretation of data

4.4 Analyzed of research findings

4.5 Test and prove of hypothesis

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Summery of finding

5.3 Conclusion

5.4 Recommendation

Bibliography

Questionnaires

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

Nigeria as a nation blessed with both human and natural resources can attain high economic development with little effort and sincerity on the part of her citizens. One of the ways to achieve this economic development is through the establishment of an industries to process the huge maturely resources into conformable goods. Therefore the establishment of small-scale industries all over the country is a right step in the right direction. This will help the country to channel both her human and natural resources to the productive area to enhance economic growth.

The view has been held by many in the government, academic and business circle that small scale business should be treated separately from the large firms thus small scale businesses one frequently seen facing a range of problem than the larger ones.

The Nigeria business environment offers business opportunities. With the Nigeria business promotion degree of 1972 which was revised in 1977 and with various federal and state government business assistance, the economic environment is encouraging for business pursuit in addition, the small industries division of the federal ministry of industry has also be instituted to the further the interest of small scale business in response, small scale business are being established everyday but with survival difficulties some years back the family support programmed under the auspices of the family economic advance programs pledged to established small scale business in all local government area of the country the national directorate of employment (NDE) gives grants to beneficiaries so that they can start their own small scale enterprises. Also the Nigeria agricultural land development agency (NALDA) was put in a place4 of agro based industries to grow since most of the rural dweller are farmers the concept of people bank of Nigeria (PBN) come to limelight and billion of naira were pumped into the bank for on lending to small scale industrialist. Of recent the poverty alleviation programme (PAP) was launched to encourage people to established their own small scale enterprise to reduces the problem of unemployment and reduces the rate of importation of goods but with all this government programmed, our ethnocentrisms, lack of integrity and management myopia did not allow some of these programmed to achieve the much we expected from them.

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08068231953 or 08168759420

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(4)    Teller Number

We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 0046579864

Bank: GTBank.

OR

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 2023350498

Bank: UBA.

HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD

As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.

But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.

Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.

No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner

CAUTION/WARNING

Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project.  Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.

That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:

08068231953 or 08168759420

Visit any of my project websites below:

www.easyprojectmaterials.com

www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng

www.easyprojectmaterial.net

www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng

www.easyprojectsolutions.com

www.worldofnolimit.com

www.worldofnolimit.com

www.nairaproject.com.ng

www.nairaprojects.com.ng

www.nairaproject.net

www.nairaprojects.net

www.uniproject.com.ng

www.uniprojects.com.ng

Tags: SMALL SCALE INVESTMENT: A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR EMPLOYMENT GENERATION A CASE STUDY OF GLOBAL SYSTEM OF MOBILE CONMMUNICATION (GSM)TELEPHONE BOOTH IN ENUGU METROPOLIS A DISSERATION

SMALL FARMERS CREDIT DELIVERY THROUGH DEVELOPMENT BANKS

SMALL FARMERS CREDIT DELIVERY THROUGHT DEVELOPMENT BANKS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1            BACKGROUND

There are variety of source of fund for agriculture which some analysts have classified in a number of ways, formal and informal, institutional and non institutional, public and private, internal and external etc. these classification are based on contain basic features which this paper will not examine in detail. But when we talk of institutional vis – avis non institutional sources of funds obtained form banks, on bank, government sponsored agencies.

Also, classification of fund provided by sponsored of a project and unallocated funds (reinvested funds) generated by the project emphasis is placed on externally sourced funds form institutional channels with particular emphasis on the banks

Hence, this paper is narrowed to agricultural credit purveyance by banks in Nigeria which the commercial bank has played significant roles towards influencing this variable overtime.

1.2            STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The major problem of small farmer include the following

Ignorance

Many people do not know of new development in agricultural. For example, most of the small farmer do not know that there is something like fertilizer, even those who know of he existence of fertilizer, do know how to use it effectively, them fore, it contributes to the downfall of the small farmers.

Lack of sufficient survey of the local environment

This had led in many case to wrongful investment which has the adverse effect of discouraging the small farmers

Poor extension service

In the local area, small farmers are not adequately educated by the extension staff. In most cases, the extension staff is insufficient and few present spend greater part of the day in offices rather than visiting and advising the farmers

HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK

PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).

HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)

After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to

08068231953 or 08168759420

(1)    Your project topics

(2)     Email Address

(3)     Payment Name

(4)    Teller Number

We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 0046579864

Bank: GTBank.

OR

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 2023350498

Bank: UBA.

HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD

As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.

But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.

Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.

No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner

CAUTION/WARNING

Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project.  Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.

That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:

08068231953 or 08168759420

Visit any of my project websites below:

www.easyprojectmaterials.com

www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng

www.easyprojectmaterial.net

www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng

www.easyprojectsolutions.com

www.worldofnolimit.com

www.worldofnolimit.com

www.nairaproject.com.ng

www.nairaprojects.com.ng

www.nairaproject.net

www.nairaprojects.net

www.uniproject.com.ng

www.uniprojects.com.ng

Tags: SMALL FARMERS CREDIT DELIVERY THROUGH DEVELOPMENT BANKS

SMALL FARMERS CREDIT DELIVERY THROUGH DEVELOPMENT BANKS

SMALL FARMERS CREDIT DELIVERY THROUGH DEVELOPMENT BANKSCHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1            BACKGROUND

There are variety of source of fund for agriculture which some analysts have classified in a number of ways, formal and informal, institutional and non institutional, public and private, internal and external etc. these classification are based on contain basic features which this paper will not examine in detail. But when we talk of institutional vis – avis non institutional sources of funds obtained form banks, on bank, government sponsored agencies.

Also, classification of fund provided by sponsored of a project and unallocated funds (reinvested funds) generated by the project emphasis is placed on externally sourced funds form institutional channels with particular emphasis on the banks

Hence, this paper is narrowed to agricultural credit purveyance by banks in Nigeria which the commercial bank has played significant roles towards influencing this variable overtime.

1.2            STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The major problem of small farmer include the following

Ignorance

Many people do not know of new development in agricultural. For example, most of the small farmer do not know that there is something like fertilizer, even those who know of he existence of fertilizer, do know how to use it effectively, them fore, it contributes to the downfall of the small farmers.

Lack of sufficient survey of the local environment

This had led in many case to wrongful investment which has the adverse effect of discouraging the small farmers

Poor extension service

In the local area, small farmers are not adequately educated by the extension staff. In most cases, the extension staff is insufficient and few present spend greater part of the day in offices rather than visiting and advising the farmers

HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK

PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).

HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)

After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to

08068231953 or 08168759420

(1)    Your project topics

(2)     Email Address

(3)     Payment Name

(4)    Teller Number

We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 0046579864

Bank: GTBank.

OR

Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI

Account Number: 2023350498

Bank: UBA.

HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD

As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.

But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.

Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.

No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner

CAUTION/WARNING

Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project.  Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.

That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:

08068231953 or 08168759420

Visit any of my project websites below:

www.easyprojectmaterials.com

www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng

www.easyprojectmaterial.net

www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng

www.easyprojectsolutions.com

www.worldofnolimit.com

www.worldofnolimit.com

www.nairaproject.com.ng

www.nairaprojects.com.ng

www.nairaproject.net

www.nairaprojects.net

www.uniproject.com.ng

www.uniprojects.com.ng

Tags: SMALL FARMERS CREDIT DELIVERY THROUGH DEVELOPMENT BANKS