PROPOSAL
This research project is an “Appraisal of the economic implication of electronic banking on operation of banks in Nigeria”. (A case study of first bank of Nigeria plc).
Electronic banking more commonly called the electronic funds/monetary transfer system refers to the application of computer technology to banking especially the payment (deposit trasfer aspects of banking). The major distinct pieces of hardware that comproses it are the automated teller machine (ATM), the point of scale (POS) system and the automated clearing houses (ACH). These hardwares carryout significant functions in banking activities.
This research project sets out to achieve the following stated objectives amongst others:
(1) The extent of automation in the payment system.
(2) The various electronic instruments of the bank under study.
(3) The major problems associated with the developmenet of electronic banking system in nigeria economy.
(4) The effect of electronic banking system on bank profitability and operational efficiency.
(5) The effects of such system on branch banking and bank customer relationship.
(6) The impact of electronic payment system on monetary control in the Nigerian economy.
In order to ensure a thorough and well guided research, a number of hypotheses were made.
These include:
(1) There is no correlation between electronic banking system and operational efficiency in banks.
(2) Data were collected from both the primary and secondary sources. Thee were analysed using the simple percentage method and chi-square (x2) for the hypothesis testing.
In this project write up;
Chapter one discusses the introduction which comprises:
(a) The background of the study
(b) Statement of problem
(c) Objectives of the study
(d) Statement of hypothesis
(e) Scope and limitation
(f) Significance of the study
Other chapters will be formulated and discussed subsequently after research on them in due course.
Finally, chapter five will discus the summamry, conclusion and recommendation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Proposal vii
Table of contents x
Chapter one: Introduction
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 5
1.3 Purpose/objective of the study 6
1.4 Research questions 7
1.5 Research hypothesis 8
1.6 Significance of the study 9
1.7 Scope, limitation/delimitation 10
1.8 Definition of terms 11
Reference 13
Chapter two:
Review of related literature 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 The Nigerian monetary transfer system 17
2.3 Overview of the electronic
monetary transfer system 21
2.4 Electronic payment instruments 24
2.4.1Automated teller machine 24
2.4.2Electronic funds transfer point of sale 26
2.4.3International money transfer 27
2.4.4Computerized inter-bank funds transfer 28
2.4.5Internet payment 28
2.5 Problems associated with the development
of electronic banking system in Nigeria. 34
2.6 Implications of the electronic banking system 35
Reference 38
Chapter three:
Research design and methodology 40
3.1 Areas of study 42
3.2 Sample and sampling techniques 42
3.3 Instruments of data collection 43
3.4 Methods of data presentation 43
3.5 Methods of data analysis 45
Reference 47
Chapter four:
Data presentation and analysis 50
4.1 Data presentation 50
4.2 Data analysis 63
4.3 Test of hypothesis 68
Chapter five:
Findings, recommendation and conclusion 73
5.1 Summary of findings 73
5.2 Conclusion 76
5.3 Recommendation 78
Bibliography 80
Appendix 86
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Prior to the banking emergence of a modern banking system in Nigeria, the payment or settlement of economic transaction was through the barter system. Goods and services purchased them were settled by the exchange of commodities as money was not in existence.
However, owing to the deficiencies inherent or associated with a barter economy, the need for a generally acceptable medium of payment arose.
Consequently, between 1850 and 1882 the introduction of British silver coins was possible through which the Nigerian economy was monetized.
Following the introduction of British coins, the Bank of British West Africa (BBWA) was established in 1892 to facilitate the distribution of these coins. This eventually ushered in a rudimentary form or commercial banking in Nigeria. In 1912 however, the West African Currency Board (WACB) was established to take over the responsibility of the (BBWA) of currency distribution in the then West African region comprising of Nigeria, Ghana, Sierre-leone and Liberia.
As economic activities began to rise and the need for financial services emerged banks began to spring-up in the country and between 1892 and 1959 a total of (39) banks were established but for the fact that this was a banking era, a good number of these banks collapsed. The colossal fall of the monetary system consequently led to the introduction of the banking ordinance or 1952, 1959 (subsequent amendment) to further boost the monetary system, the central bank of Nigeria (CBN) was established in 1959 to act as the “Apex” banking regulatory authority.
Also, the banking acts or 1969, the counterfeit currency (special provisions) decree 1974 and the bills of exchange Acts cap 35 laws of the federation of Nigeria 1990 was promulgated. All these efforts were aimed at ensuring safety, stability and restoring confidence in the monetary system.
When in 1961, the CBN established the Nigeria banks clearing house in Lagos, the use of cheques became a dominant instrument in the payment processed daily in the clearing house. An average of five million (5m) cheques were reported to be processed annually between 1961 and 1970.
According to CBN annual report, 1999, a number of procesedcheques however, increased to 11,005.2 million in 1999. This increase eventually led to an ever-mounting flood or paper that has to be shuffled from place to place before payment is fully effected. Thus, because of frequent indirect routine, it has been estimated that each cheques written is currently handled an average of 10 times and passes through 2 1/3 commercial banks before being returned to its source (journal of Banking and finance 2000). The banking industry thereby incurs record-keeping and processing costs averaging about 20 percent per cheques, a figure that does not reflect the full cost of the present system.
Eventually, this increase in the cost of cheques processing undermines the efficiency, reliability and cost effectiveness of the electronic banking system and with the geometric increase in the volume of cheques as to the likely reduction no clear indication costs of the processed cheques.
The expectation that cheque processing cost will continue to soar, roughly in proportion to cheques volume is the chief motivation spuring commercial banks and the central bank of Nigeria to institute a more economical and efficient mechanism. For as long as cheques remain the dominant mode of payments, the system is intrically too labour intensive to permit much more cost cutting through further automation (Lawrence 1996:295). As a result, the only remaining way to make a meaningful impact on cost is by switching a large part of the burden to an entirely different payments methods, one that can be designed from the groudn up to take full advantage of computage technology namely the electronic banking. (Electronic money transfer system).
Finally, according to Anyanwu (2000), electronic banking which is more commonly called the Electronic Funds Transfer System (EFTS) refers to the application of computer technology to banking especially the payments (deposit transfer) aspect of banking. The major distinct pieces of hardware comprices the Automated Teller Machine (ATM), the Point Of Sale (POS) system, and the Automated Clearing Houses (ACH). He stressed that the major merit of electronic banking lies in its ability to reduce costs given the number of cheques written in the economy each year.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
As earlier pointed out, the present payment system is saturated with large volumes of paper work. This obviously is responsible for the delay in cheques clearance in the house. Hence, the need for the adoption of an electronic banking. However, the introduction of electronic banking in place of the existing system has some propounding implications.
First, such a payment mechanism will involve nationwide computer networks linking together virtually all households, business firms and government units. These pre-suppose investing a chunk or large amount of financial resources in computer technology. Obviously, the resource is in short supply in Nigeria, coupled with the high level of poverty.
For an efficient functioning of electronic payment system, the availability of infrastructural facilities such as electricity and telecommunication network are indispensable. However, power supply is epileptic and there is still constant failure links in Nitel lines.
Thirdly, Lawrence (1976) and Uche (2000) noted that the introduction of electronic banking system by banks may lead to a decline in the importance of branch offices and eventual closure of some branches. This likely development is what Woheren (2000) called “Brandless banking system”. A development which wills not angur well for the banking industry as it may affect banking customer relationship.
Finally, the introduction of electronic banking system will alter the definition of money supply and the behaviour of velocity thereby creating problems for the CBN in formulating a sound monetary policy.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study is set out to find out the following:
(1) To determine the extent of automation in payment of the bank.
(2) To identify the various electronic payments of the bank under study.
(3) To evaluate the major problems associated with the development of electronic banking system in the Nigerian economy in the bank.
(4) To examine the effect of electronic banking system on banks profitability and operational efficiency
(5) To evaluate the impact of electronic payment system on monetary control.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In order to elicit information from respondents, the following research questions were formulated.
- To what extent has automation enhanced the payment system of the bank?
- What are the various electronic payment instruments of the bank?
- What are the major problems associated with the development of electronic banking system in the bank?
- What effect has this system on the bank’s profitability and operational efficiency?
- How has this system affected branch banking and the bank’s customer relationship?
- What impact has this system on monetary control of the bank?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
On the basis of the objectives of the study the following hypothesis have been formulated.
Hypothesis 1
Ho: Autemation does not enhance the payment system of the bank.
H1: Automation enhances the payment system of the bank.
Hypothesis 2
Ho: Automated Teller Mcachine (ATM) does not facilitate payment.
H1: Automated Teller Machine (ATM) facilitates payment.
Hypothesis 3
Ho: The V-SAT online-realtime does not constitute a major problem to transfer payment system.
H1: The V-SAT online-realtime constitute a major problem to transfer payment system.
Ho – null hypothesis
H1 – alternative hypothesis
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
In the era of electronic banking, automated money transfer system in our economy is a welcome development.
The desired impact of this research on the Nigerian society is over-whelming and cannot be over-emphasized. So, the work is significant in so many respects as thus:
- It would expose vividly the strength and weakness of electronic banking.
- It would expose motivate banks and other economic agents to computerize their services.
- It provides a practical suggestion to and policy formulation by monetary authorities.
- Knowledge in the area of electronic banking (monetary transfer) will be advanced.
- Apart from contributing to the knowledge of electronic banking, it forms a reference for future research in this area.
1.7 SCOPE, LIMITATION AND DELIMITATION
An evaluation of a particular influence on a research situation like the Nigerian economy requires an observation of some entities or economic agents. Such economic agents and government limits which include banks, business fims and households.
In this research endeavour, the topic had been restricted to first bank of Nigeria plc in Enugu metropolis. Hence, banks are the major agents of electronic banking/monetary transfer, the bank has been considered and approved for this project.
Furthermore, there are some delimitations or constraints associated with this study as follows:
The time required to distribute questionnaires within the bank in Enugu was a scarce resource given the congested nature of academic work on campus.
Collection and collation of materials for the project write-up was an up-hill task owing to the fact that some materials pestinent to the work were not easy to get and the researcher is left with no better option than to do with what is obtainable.
The financial back-up with which to execute the work also constituted a major constraint.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
- Cheque – according to Orjih (1996) p 48 “A cheque is an order in writing drawn on a banker, signed by the drawer, requiring the banker to pay on demand a sum certain in money to the order of a specific person or to the bearer, and which does not order any act to be done in addition to payment of money”.
- Automation – this is the use of automatic equipment in an industry.
- Automated clearing System – according to (Ikamenam, (2001) p. 193. This is a system of clearing where all the banks are linked with the CBN and the clearing settlements are made within 24 hours.
- Electronic banking – according to Anyanwu (2000) this refers to the application of computer technology to banking especially the payment (deposit transfer) aspects of banking. It is also defined as a system of banking with an electronic communication network which permits on-line processing of the same day credit and debit transfers of funds between member institutions of a clearing system.
- Point of sale System(POS) – this is an electronic or computer based mode of payment a system which involves goods and services being paid for at the point of sale.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#10000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
Tags: AN APPRAISAL OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC BANKING IN OPERATIONS OF BANKS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA PLC)
PROPOSAL
This research project is an “Appraisal of the economic implication of electronic banking on operation of banks in Nigeria”. (A case study of first bank of Nigeria plc).
Electronic banking more commonly called the electronic funds/monetary transfer system refers to the application of computer technology to banking especially the payment (deposit trasfer aspects of banking). The major distinct pieces of hardware that comproses it are the automated teller machine (ATM), the point of scale (POS) system and the automated clearing houses (ACH). These hardwares carryout significant functions in banking activities.
This research project sets out to achieve the following stated objectives amongst others:
(1) The extent of automation in the payment system.
(2) The various electronic instruments of the bank under study.
(3) The major problems associated with the developmenet of electronic banking system in nigeria economy.
(4) The effect of electronic banking system on bank profitability and operational efficiency.
(5) The effects of such system on branch banking and bank customer relationship.
(6) The impact of electronic payment system on monetary control in the Nigerian economy.
In order to ensure a thorough and well guided research, a number of hypotheses were made.
These include:
(1) There is no correlation between electronic banking system and operational efficiency in banks.
(2) Data were collected from both the primary and secondary sources. Thee were analysed using the simple percentage method and chi-square (x2) for the hypothesis testing.
In this project write up;
Chapter one discusses the introduction which comprises:
(a) The background of the study
(b) Statement of problem
(c) Objectives of the study
(d) Statement of hypothesis
(e) Scope and limitation
(f) Significance of the study
Other chapters will be formulated and discussed subsequently after research on them in due course.
Finally, chapter five will discus the summamry, conclusion and recommendation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Proposal vii
Table of contents x
Chapter one: Introduction
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 5
1.3 Purpose/objective of the study 6
1.4 Research questions 7
1.5 Research hypothesis 8
1.6 Significance of the study 9
1.7 Scope, limitation/delimitation 10
1.8 Definition of terms 11
Reference 13
Chapter two:
Review of related literature 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 The Nigerian monetary transfer system 17
2.3 Overview of the electronic
monetary transfer system 21
2.4 Electronic payment instruments 24
2.4.1Automated teller machine 24
2.4.2Electronic funds transfer point of sale 26
2.4.3International money transfer 27
2.4.4Computerized inter-bank funds transfer 28
2.4.5Internet payment 28
2.5 Problems associated with the development
of electronic banking system in Nigeria. 34
2.6 Implications of the electronic banking system 35
Reference 38
Chapter three:
Research design and methodology 40
3.1 Areas of study 42
3.2 Sample and sampling techniques 42
3.3 Instruments of data collection 43
3.4 Methods of data presentation 43
3.5 Methods of data analysis 45
Reference 47
Chapter four:
Data presentation and analysis 50
4.1 Data presentation 50
4.2 Data analysis 63
4.3 Test of hypothesis 68
Chapter five:
Findings, recommendation and conclusion 73
5.1 Summary of findings 73
5.2 Conclusion 76
5.3 Recommendation 78
Bibliography 80
Appendix 86
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Prior to the banking emergence of a modern banking system in Nigeria, the payment or settlement of economic transaction was through the barter system. Goods and services purchased them were settled by the exchange of commodities as money was not in existence.
However, owing to the deficiencies inherent or associated with a barter economy, the need for a generally acceptable medium of payment arose.
Consequently, between 1850 and 1882 the introduction of British silver coins was possible through which the Nigerian economy was monetized.
Following the introduction of British coins, the Bank of British West Africa (BBWA) was established in 1892 to facilitate the distribution of these coins. This eventually ushered in a rudimentary form or commercial banking in Nigeria. In 1912 however, the West African Currency Board (WACB) was established to take over the responsibility of the (BBWA) of currency distribution in the then West African region comprising of Nigeria, Ghana, Sierre-leone and Liberia.
As economic activities began to rise and the need for financial services emerged banks began to spring-up in the country and between 1892 and 1959 a total of (39) banks were established but for the fact that this was a banking era, a good number of these banks collapsed. The colossal fall of the monetary system consequently led to the introduction of the banking ordinance or 1952, 1959 (subsequent amendment) to further boost the monetary system, the central bank of Nigeria (CBN) was established in 1959 to act as the “Apex” banking regulatory authority.
Also, the banking acts or 1969, the counterfeit currency (special provisions) decree 1974 and the bills of exchange Acts cap 35 laws of the federation of Nigeria 1990 was promulgated. All these efforts were aimed at ensuring safety, stability and restoring confidence in the monetary system.
When in 1961, the CBN established the Nigeria banks clearing house in Lagos, the use of cheques became a dominant instrument in the payment processed daily in the clearing house. An average of five million (5m) cheques were reported to be processed annually between 1961 and 1970.
According to CBN annual report, 1999, a number of procesedcheques however, increased to 11,005.2 million in 1999. This increase eventually led to an ever-mounting flood or paper that has to be shuffled from place to place before payment is fully effected. Thus, because of frequent indirect routine, it has been estimated that each cheques written is currently handled an average of 10 times and passes through 2 1/3 commercial banks before being returned to its source (journal of Banking and finance 2000). The banking industry thereby incurs record-keeping and processing costs averaging about 20 percent per cheques, a figure that does not reflect the full cost of the present system.
Eventually, this increase in the cost of cheques processing undermines the efficiency, reliability and cost effectiveness of the electronic banking system and with the geometric increase in the volume of cheques as to the likely reduction no clear indication costs of the processed cheques.
The expectation that cheque processing cost will continue to soar, roughly in proportion to cheques volume is the chief motivation spuring commercial banks and the central bank of Nigeria to institute a more economical and efficient mechanism. For as long as cheques remain the dominant mode of payments, the system is intrically too labour intensive to permit much more cost cutting through further automation (Lawrence 1996:295). As a result, the only remaining way to make a meaningful impact on cost is by switching a large part of the burden to an entirely different payments methods, one that can be designed from the groudn up to take full advantage of computage technology namely the electronic banking. (Electronic money transfer system).
Finally, according to Anyanwu (2000), electronic banking which is more commonly called the Electronic Funds Transfer System (EFTS) refers to the application of computer technology to banking especially the payments (deposit transfer) aspect of banking. The major distinct pieces of hardware comprices the Automated Teller Machine (ATM), the Point Of Sale (POS) system, and the Automated Clearing Houses (ACH). He stressed that the major merit of electronic banking lies in its ability to reduce costs given the number of cheques written in the economy each year.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
As earlier pointed out, the present payment system is saturated with large volumes of paper work. This obviously is responsible for the delay in cheques clearance in the house. Hence, the need for the adoption of an electronic banking. However, the introduction of electronic banking in place of the existing system has some propounding implications.
First, such a payment mechanism will involve nationwide computer networks linking together virtually all households, business firms and government units. These pre-suppose investing a chunk or large amount of financial resources in computer technology. Obviously, the resource is in short supply in Nigeria, coupled with the high level of poverty.
For an efficient functioning of electronic payment system, the availability of infrastructural facilities such as electricity and telecommunication network are indispensable. However, power supply is epileptic and there is still constant failure links in Nitel lines.
Thirdly, Lawrence (1976) and Uche (2000) noted that the introduction of electronic banking system by banks may lead to a decline in the importance of branch offices and eventual closure of some branches. This likely development is what Woheren (2000) called “Brandless banking system”. A development which wills not angur well for the banking industry as it may affect banking customer relationship.
Finally, the introduction of electronic banking system will alter the definition of money supply and the behaviour of velocity thereby creating problems for the CBN in formulating a sound monetary policy.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study is set out to find out the following:
(1) To determine the extent of automation in payment of the bank.
(2) To identify the various electronic payments of the bank under study.
(3) To evaluate the major problems associated with the development of electronic banking system in the Nigerian economy in the bank.
(4) To examine the effect of electronic banking system on banks profitability and operational efficiency
(5) To evaluate the impact of electronic payment system on monetary control.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In order to elicit information from respondents, the following research questions were formulated.
- To what extent has automation enhanced the payment system of the bank?
- What are the various electronic payment instruments of the bank?
- What are the major problems associated with the development of electronic banking system in the bank?
- What effect has this system on the bank’s profitability and operational efficiency?
- How has this system affected branch banking and the bank’s customer relationship?
- What impact has this system on monetary control of the bank?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
On the basis of the objectives of the study the following hypothesis have been formulated.
Hypothesis 1
Ho: Autemation does not enhance the payment system of the bank.
H1: Automation enhances the payment system of the bank.
Hypothesis 2
Ho: Automated Teller Mcachine (ATM) does not facilitate payment.
H1: Automated Teller Machine (ATM) facilitates payment.
Hypothesis 3
Ho: The V-SAT online-realtime does not constitute a major problem to transfer payment system.
H1: The V-SAT online-realtime constitute a major problem to transfer payment system.
Ho – null hypothesis
H1 – alternative hypothesis
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
In the era of electronic banking, automated money transfer system in our economy is a welcome development.
The desired impact of this research on the Nigerian society is over-whelming and cannot be over-emphasized. So, the work is significant in so many respects as thus:
- It would expose vividly the strength and weakness of electronic banking.
- It would expose motivate banks and other economic agents to computerize their services.
- It provides a practical suggestion to and policy formulation by monetary authorities.
- Knowledge in the area of electronic banking (monetary transfer) will be advanced.
- Apart from contributing to the knowledge of electronic banking, it forms a reference for future research in this area.
1.7 SCOPE, LIMITATION AND DELIMITATION
An evaluation of a particular influence on a research situation like the Nigerian economy requires an observation of some entities or economic agents. Such economic agents and government limits which include banks, business fims and households.
In this research endeavour, the topic had been restricted to first bank of Nigeria plc in Enugu metropolis. Hence, banks are the major agents of electronic banking/monetary transfer, the bank has been considered and approved for this project.
Furthermore, there are some delimitations or constraints associated with this study as follows:
The time required to distribute questionnaires within the bank in Enugu was a scarce resource given the congested nature of academic work on campus.
Collection and collation of materials for the project write-up was an up-hill task owing to the fact that some materials pestinent to the work were not easy to get and the researcher is left with no better option than to do with what is obtainable.
The financial back-up with which to execute the work also constituted a major constraint.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
- Cheque – according to Orjih (1996) p 48 “A cheque is an order in writing drawn on a banker, signed by the drawer, requiring the banker to pay on demand a sum certain in money to the order of a specific person or to the bearer, and which does not order any act to be done in addition to payment of money”.
- Automation – this is the use of automatic equipment in an industry.
- Automated clearing System – according to (Ikamenam, (2001) p. 193. This is a system of clearing where all the banks are linked with the CBN and the clearing settlements are made within 24 hours.
- Electronic banking – according to Anyanwu (2000) this refers to the application of computer technology to banking especially the payment (deposit transfer) aspects of banking. It is also defined as a system of banking with an electronic communication network which permits on-line processing of the same day credit and debit transfers of funds between member institutions of a clearing system.
- Point of sale System(POS) – this is an electronic or computer based mode of payment a system which involves goods and services being paid for at the point of sale.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
Tags: AN APPRAISAL OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC BANKING IN OPERATIONS OF BANKS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA PLC)
ABSTRACT
An appraisal of the internal financial control system in Nigeria and its effect on government organizations have attracted the researcher to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of this study.
After everything the researcher concluded that the internal financial control system is a sound in principle and effective in operation.
The first chapter of this research introduced the concept in a background. It presented the research objectives and statements of the problem.
The second chapter gives the literature review. It further discussed the method of analysis in subsequent chapters, and goes ahead it to the concluding summary and conclusion in the last chapter
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Limitations of the study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review of related literate
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research design and methodology
3.1 Sources of data
3.2 Location of data
3.3 Methods of data collection
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Findings
4.1 Loan and advances
4.2 Bank values
4.3 Wages and salaries
4.4 Bank deposits
4.5 Fixed assets
4.6 Investments
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Recommendations and conclusions
5.1 Recommendations
5.2 Conclusions
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1. Introduction
Fisher (1930) argues that the expected rate of return is composed
of a real return plus an expected rate of inflation. The ‘Fisher effect
hypothesis’ assumes no relationship between real rate and monetary
sector. Applying this to stocks, several studies report an inverse
relation of returns to expected and unexpected inflation (Nelson,
1976; Geske and Roll, 1983). Previous literature suggests a negative
short-run relationship between stock returns and inflation (Fama and
* Christos Floros is Research Fellow with CEMARE at the Department of
Economics, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth Business School,
Portsmouth, UK. Email: Christos.Floros@port.ac.uk”.
Applied Econometrics and International Development. AEEADE. Vol. 4-2 (2004)
56
Schwert, 1977; Fama, 1981). Fama (1981) argues that stock returns
are negatively related to inflation because stock returns are positively
related to real activity and real activity is negatively related to
changes in the level of prices. However, the theory suggests that
equities are a good hedge against inflation1, and so, the real rate of
returns may be unaffected by inflation.
Bakshi and Chen (1996) argue that a negative correlation between
inflation and stock prices has become one of the most commonly
accepted empirical facts. However, Caporale and Jung (1997) test for
a causal relationship between both expected and unexpected inflation
and real stock prices, and find that a positive relationship does exist.
As they conclude, the negative effects of inflation on stock prices do
not disappear after controlling for output shocks. This is contrary to
Fama’s view.
Choudhry (1998) investigates the relationship between stock
returns and inflation in four high inflation countries (Argentina,
Chile, Mexico and Venezuela) and finds a positive relationship
between stock market returns and inflation rate. Therefore, stock
returns act as a hedge against inflation. Also, Chatrath et al. (1997)
test whether the negative stock return-inflation relationship is
explained in the Indian economy. The results show a partial support
to Fama’s hypothesis.
On the other hand, Zhao (1999) finds that the relationship
between stock prices and inflation from Chinese economy is
significantly negative. This result is consistent with Fama (1981).
Hess and Lee (1999) argue that the sign of the correlation between
stock prices and inflation depends on the nature of the shock creating
inflation. They find that a positive monetary shock has a positive
effect on stock prices and inflation. Also, Graham (1996) finds a
positive relationship between inflation and stock returns.
Furthermore, Spyrou (2001) analyses the relationship between
Greek stock returns and inflation rate using monthly data from
1 See Bodie (1976) for more details.
Floros, C. Stock Returns and Inflation in Greece
57
January 1990 to June 2000. For the period 1995-2000 the results
show a negative but insignificant relationship, while for the period
1990-1995 there is a significantly negative relationship. A possible
explanation is that there is a negative correlation between inflation
and real output growth (Fama, 1981).
Omran and Pointon (2001) employ the cointegration analysis and
ECM to analyse the impact of the inflation rate on the Egyptian stock
market. The results show that the inflation rate has a definite impact
on the stock market. Finally, Gallagher and Taylor (2002) explain
further the hypothesis of Fama (1981) by looking at the relationship
between stock return and inflation using multivariate innovation
decomposition. The results show a strong support to the hypothesis
in the US.
This paper examines the relationship between stock returns and
inflation for Greece. Also, in this study we test for cointegration and
causality among these variables. The main goal of this paper is to
analyse the above relationship for a recent period, considering data
before and after the date of Greece’s entry into EMU 2 (i.e. January
1st, 2001). So, we employ monthly values of the Athens Stock
Exchange (ASE) General Price Index and the Greek Consumer Price
Index for the period October 1988 to December 2002. All data are
collected from DATASTREAM.1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The basis objective of most business is growth: Fulfillment of social responsibility and the making of satisfactory profit sound and effective system of central are established in order to carry on the business of the enterprises efficiently and orderly and assets in sina guenon (important) to the achievement of the above objective. A sound system of internal control also helps in checking the accurate and reliability of records, free flow of management information and adherence to management polices in order to reduce practicable wastage, pilferage losses and theft.
1.3 objective of the study
The aim of the study is to examine the internal financial control system as established and operated in the banking industry of Nigeria in pursuance of this objective we shell:
1. Examine the internal financial control system of commercial banking in Nigeria as regard loan and advance investment and deposit.
2. Ascertain the extent of compliance with laid down policies.
3. Critically examine why there is persistent increase in the banks bead doubtful debts.
4. Make recommendations in the night of the finding from the above objective.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE THE STUDY
In the commercial banking industry control are exercise of all levels from the area officer to credit control and then the inspection departments this elaborate system of control is necessary in the area of loans and advances, it therefore makes it imperative that adequate internal control measure like lending limits of manger, inspection and Constance review of overdrawn account must be placed on loan and advances if the banks is to fully realize it earning and avoid high bad doubtful debts.
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study will be limited to the following areas loan and advance, wages and salaries, fixed assets and investment and commercial bank deposit.
Any short coming that may arise in this research project is a result of factors which are beyond the researchers control such as limited amount of time available to the researcher and the extent to which the information obtained from bank is correct.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#3000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
Tags: AN APPRAISAL OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
An appraisal of the internal financial control system in Nigeria and its effect on government organizations have attracted the researcher to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of this study.
After everything the researcher concluded that the internal financial control system is a sound in principle and effective in operation.
The first chapter of this research introduced the concept in a background. It presented the research objectives and statements of the problem.
The second chapter gives the literature review. It further discussed the method of analysis in subsequent chapters, and goes ahead it to the concluding summary and conclusion in the last chapter
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Limitations of the study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review of related literate
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research design and methodology
3.1 Sources of data
3.2 Location of data
3.3 Methods of data collection
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Findings
4.1 Loan and advances
4.2 Bank values
4.3 Wages and salaries
4.4 Bank deposits
4.5 Fixed assets
4.6 Investments
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Recommendations and conclusions
5.1 Recommendations
5.2 Conclusions
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1. Introduction
Fisher (1930) argues that the expected rate of return is composed
of a real return plus an expected rate of inflation. The ‘Fisher effect
hypothesis’ assumes no relationship between real rate and monetary
sector. Applying this to stocks, several studies report an inverse
relation of returns to expected and unexpected inflation (Nelson,
1976; Geske and Roll, 1983). Previous literature suggests a negative
short-run relationship between stock returns and inflation (Fama and
* Christos Floros is Research Fellow with CEMARE at the Department of
Economics, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth Business School,
Portsmouth, UK. Email: Christos.Floros@port.ac.uk”.
Applied Econometrics and International Development. AEEADE. Vol. 4-2 (2004)
56
Schwert, 1977; Fama, 1981). Fama (1981) argues that stock returns
are negatively related to inflation because stock returns are positively
related to real activity and real activity is negatively related to
changes in the level of prices. However, the theory suggests that
equities are a good hedge against inflation1, and so, the real rate of
returns may be unaffected by inflation.
Bakshi and Chen (1996) argue that a negative correlation between
inflation and stock prices has become one of the most commonly
accepted empirical facts. However, Caporale and Jung (1997) test for
a causal relationship between both expected and unexpected inflation
and real stock prices, and find that a positive relationship does exist.
As they conclude, the negative effects of inflation on stock prices do
not disappear after controlling for output shocks. This is contrary to
Fama’s view.
Choudhry (1998) investigates the relationship between stock
returns and inflation in four high inflation countries (Argentina,
Chile, Mexico and Venezuela) and finds a positive relationship
between stock market returns and inflation rate. Therefore, stock
returns act as a hedge against inflation. Also, Chatrath et al. (1997)
test whether the negative stock return-inflation relationship is
explained in the Indian economy. The results show a partial support
to Fama’s hypothesis.
On the other hand, Zhao (1999) finds that the relationship
between stock prices and inflation from Chinese economy is
significantly negative. This result is consistent with Fama (1981).
Hess and Lee (1999) argue that the sign of the correlation between
stock prices and inflation depends on the nature of the shock creating
inflation. They find that a positive monetary shock has a positive
effect on stock prices and inflation. Also, Graham (1996) finds a
positive relationship between inflation and stock returns.
Furthermore, Spyrou (2001) analyses the relationship between
Greek stock returns and inflation rate using monthly data from
1 See Bodie (1976) for more details.
Floros, C. Stock Returns and Inflation in Greece
57
January 1990 to June 2000. For the period 1995-2000 the results
show a negative but insignificant relationship, while for the period
1990-1995 there is a significantly negative relationship. A possible
explanation is that there is a negative correlation between inflation
and real output growth (Fama, 1981).
Omran and Pointon (2001) employ the cointegration analysis and
ECM to analyse the impact of the inflation rate on the Egyptian stock
market. The results show that the inflation rate has a definite impact
on the stock market. Finally, Gallagher and Taylor (2002) explain
further the hypothesis of Fama (1981) by looking at the relationship
between stock return and inflation using multivariate innovation
decomposition. The results show a strong support to the hypothesis
in the US.
This paper examines the relationship between stock returns and
inflation for Greece. Also, in this study we test for cointegration and
causality among these variables. The main goal of this paper is to
analyse the above relationship for a recent period, considering data
before and after the date of Greece’s entry into EMU 2 (i.e. January
1st, 2001). So, we employ monthly values of the Athens Stock
Exchange (ASE) General Price Index and the Greek Consumer Price
Index for the period October 1988 to December 2002. All data are
collected from DATASTREAM.1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The basis objective of most business is growth: Fulfillment of social responsibility and the making of satisfactory profit sound and effective system of central are established in order to carry on the business of the enterprises efficiently and orderly and assets in sina guenon (important) to the achievement of the above objective. A sound system of internal control also helps in checking the accurate and reliability of records, free flow of management information and adherence to management polices in order to reduce practicable wastage, pilferage losses and theft.
1.3 objective of the study
The aim of the study is to examine the internal financial control system as established and operated in the banking industry of Nigeria in pursuance of this objective we shell:
1. Examine the internal financial control system of commercial banking in Nigeria as regard loan and advance investment and deposit.
2. Ascertain the extent of compliance with laid down policies.
3. Critically examine why there is persistent increase in the banks bead doubtful debts.
4. Make recommendations in the night of the finding from the above objective.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE THE STUDY
In the commercial banking industry control are exercise of all levels from the area officer to credit control and then the inspection departments this elaborate system of control is necessary in the area of loans and advances, it therefore makes it imperative that adequate internal control measure like lending limits of manger, inspection and Constance review of overdrawn account must be placed on loan and advances if the banks is to fully realize it earning and avoid high bad doubtful debts.
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study will be limited to the following areas loan and advance, wages and salaries, fixed assets and investment and commercial bank deposit.
Any short coming that may arise in this research project is a result of factors which are beyond the researchers control such as limited amount of time available to the researcher and the extent to which the information obtained from bank is correct.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#10000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
Tags: AN APPRAISAL OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
An appraisal of the internal financial control system in Nigeria and its effect on government organizations have attracted the researcher to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of this study.
After everything the researcher concluded that the internal financial control system is a sound in principle and effective in operation.
The first chapter of this research introduced the concept in a background. It presented the research objectives and statements of the problem.
The second chapter gives the literature review. It further discussed the method of analysis in subsequent chapters, and goes ahead it to the concluding summary and conclusion in the last chapter
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Limitations of the study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review of related literate
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research design and methodology
3.1 Sources of data
3.2 Location of data
3.3 Methods of data collection
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Findings
4.1 Loan and advances
4.2 Bank values
4.3 Wages and salaries
4.4 Bank deposits
4.5 Fixed assets
4.6 Investments
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Recommendations and conclusions
5.1 Recommendations
5.2 Conclusions
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1. Introduction
Fisher (1930) argues that the expected rate of return is composed
of a real return plus an expected rate of inflation. The ‘Fisher effect
hypothesis’ assumes no relationship between real rate and monetary
sector. Applying this to stocks, several studies report an inverse
relation of returns to expected and unexpected inflation (Nelson,
1976; Geske and Roll, 1983). Previous literature suggests a negative
short-run relationship between stock returns and inflation (Fama and
* Christos Floros is Research Fellow with CEMARE at the Department of
Economics, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth Business School,
Portsmouth, UK. Email: Christos.Floros@port.ac.uk”.
Applied Econometrics and International Development. AEEADE. Vol. 4-2 (2004)
56
Schwert, 1977; Fama, 1981). Fama (1981) argues that stock returns
are negatively related to inflation because stock returns are positively
related to real activity and real activity is negatively related to
changes in the level of prices. However, the theory suggests that
equities are a good hedge against inflation1, and so, the real rate of
returns may be unaffected by inflation.
Bakshi and Chen (1996) argue that a negative correlation between
inflation and stock prices has become one of the most commonly
accepted empirical facts. However, Caporale and Jung (1997) test for
a causal relationship between both expected and unexpected inflation
and real stock prices, and find that a positive relationship does exist.
As they conclude, the negative effects of inflation on stock prices do
not disappear after controlling for output shocks. This is contrary to
Fama’s view.
Choudhry (1998) investigates the relationship between stock
returns and inflation in four high inflation countries (Argentina,
Chile, Mexico and Venezuela) and finds a positive relationship
between stock market returns and inflation rate. Therefore, stock
returns act as a hedge against inflation. Also, Chatrath et al. (1997)
test whether the negative stock return-inflation relationship is
explained in the Indian economy. The results show a partial support
to Fama’s hypothesis.
On the other hand, Zhao (1999) finds that the relationship
between stock prices and inflation from Chinese economy is
significantly negative. This result is consistent with Fama (1981).
Hess and Lee (1999) argue that the sign of the correlation between
stock prices and inflation depends on the nature of the shock creating
inflation. They find that a positive monetary shock has a positive
effect on stock prices and inflation. Also, Graham (1996) finds a
positive relationship between inflation and stock returns.
Furthermore, Spyrou (2001) analyses the relationship between
Greek stock returns and inflation rate using monthly data from
1 See Bodie (1976) for more details.
Floros, C. Stock Returns and Inflation in Greece
57
January 1990 to June 2000. For the period 1995-2000 the results
show a negative but insignificant relationship, while for the period
1990-1995 there is a significantly negative relationship. A possible
explanation is that there is a negative correlation between inflation
and real output growth (Fama, 1981).
Omran and Pointon (2001) employ the cointegration analysis and
ECM to analyse the impact of the inflation rate on the Egyptian stock
market. The results show that the inflation rate has a definite impact
on the stock market. Finally, Gallagher and Taylor (2002) explain
further the hypothesis of Fama (1981) by looking at the relationship
between stock return and inflation using multivariate innovation
decomposition. The results show a strong support to the hypothesis
in the US.
This paper examines the relationship between stock returns and
inflation for Greece. Also, in this study we test for cointegration and
causality among these variables. The main goal of this paper is to
analyse the above relationship for a recent period, considering data
before and after the date of Greece’s entry into EMU 2 (i.e. January
1st, 2001). So, we employ monthly values of the Athens Stock
Exchange (ASE) General Price Index and the Greek Consumer Price
Index for the period October 1988 to December 2002. All data are
collected from DATASTREAM.1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The basis objective of most business is growth: Fulfillment of social responsibility and the making of satisfactory profit sound and effective system of central are established in order to carry on the business of the enterprises efficiently and orderly and assets in sina guenon (important) to the achievement of the above objective. A sound system of internal control also helps in checking the accurate and reliability of records, free flow of management information and adherence to management polices in order to reduce practicable wastage, pilferage losses and theft.
1.3 objective of the study
The aim of the study is to examine the internal financial control system as established and operated in the banking industry of Nigeria in pursuance of this objective we shell:
1. Examine the internal financial control system of commercial banking in Nigeria as regard loan and advance investment and deposit.
2. Ascertain the extent of compliance with laid down policies.
3. Critically examine why there is persistent increase in the banks bead doubtful debts.
4. Make recommendations in the night of the finding from the above objective.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE THE STUDY
In the commercial banking industry control are exercise of all levels from the area officer to credit control and then the inspection departments this elaborate system of control is necessary in the area of loans and advances, it therefore makes it imperative that adequate internal control measure like lending limits of manger, inspection and Constance review of overdrawn account must be placed on loan and advances if the banks is to fully realize it earning and avoid high bad doubtful debts.
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study will be limited to the following areas loan and advance, wages and salaries, fixed assets and investment and commercial bank deposit.
Any short coming that may arise in this research project is a result of factors which are beyond the researchers control such as limited amount of time available to the researcher and the extent to which the information obtained from bank is correct.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
Tags: AN APPRAISAL OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The economy of Nigeria has a lot of structural distortion is the 1980’s. The economy policies pursued prior to 1985 made the Nigeria economy price distortions created by a highly over-valued currency and inappropriate pricing of agricultural and other local products.
The control measure introduced prior to deregulation of the economy were unable to improve the economy positively, instead, that period was characterized by short- supply of industrial inputs. Plant closure, large retrenchment of workers, shortage of goods and price inflation with unfavourable balance of payment.
The Federal Government has pursued vigorously the policy of deregulation of the economy. The structural adjustment programme was designed to attack and remove the Fundamental structural distortions prevalent in the Nigeria economy. Commercial banks should equally anticipate and sensitize itself with the challenges of a deregulated economy.
The major deregulation policies used were deregulation of interest rates structure, introduction of second tier foreign exchange market.
Since the Federal Government is contemplating deregulation as the only paramount solution to the distorted economic structure. The banking Industry (Commercial Banks) need to reposition itself to take full advantage of the gains that might arise from such deregulation. Commercial banks should equally anticipate and sensitize itself with the challenges of a deregulated economy.
APPENDIX 11
QUESTIONAIRE ADMINISTERD AMONG THE BANKING PUBLIC
Dear sir/ Madam,
This questionnaire is part of a research into the deregulation of the economy on the financial performance of commercial Bank.
The research is in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the a ward of a Higher National Diploma (H.N.D) In Banking and Financial Department of the Federal Polytechnic Nekede,
Kindly read each question and briefly express your opinion, your honest and Unbiased opinion is highly solicited for as they will help me with date will be treated in strict confidence.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of problem
1.2 Purpose of study
1.3 Significance and relevance of study
1.4 Scope and limitation of study
1.5 Formulation of Hypothesis
1.6 Research methodology
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The History of Banking in Nigeria
2.2 Functions of Commercial Banks in the Development of Nigeria Economy.
2.3 The Concept of Structural Adjustment programmed (SAP).
2.4 The Concept and Areas of Deregulation in the economy.
2.5 The Role Central Bank in the Deregulation of the Economy
2.6 Effects of Deregulation of the economy on Commercial Banks.
2.7 Challenges and Achievement of Commercial Bank under an Environment of Deregulation.
2.8 A Comparative Analysis of Commercial Banking in an Regulation and Deregulation.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Designs
3.2 Sample size
3.3 Source of Data
3.4 Data Collection Method
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data presentation
4.2 Data Analysis
4.3 Test of Hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of general findings
Conclusion
Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendix- Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The economy of Nigeria had a lot of structural distortions in the 1980s. The economic policies pursued prior to 1985 made the Nigeria economy vulnerable to external shock. Consequently the 1986 budget sought to de-emphasized controls and adopted policy measures aimed at expanding the economy resource balc. To attain this goal the 1986 budget at a tone in the structural adjustment programme which was launched in July 1980 with the introduction of structural adjustment programme came to deregulation of the Nigerian economy.
The deregulation policy which the structural adjustment called for is the process by process by which government remove selected regulations in bull-mess or order to encourage the efficient operation of market.
The theory is that fever regulations will lead to a raised level of competitiveness, therefore higher productivity, more efficiency and lower price overall. The deregulation policy was deigned to.
i. Restructure and diversity the productive base of the economy in order to reduce dependency on the oil sector.
ii. To achieve focal and balance of payment viability.
iii. To lay the basis for sustainable non- inflationary or minimal inflationary growth rate.
iv. To lesion the dominance of unproductive investment in the economy, improve the sectors efficiency and intensity the growth the sectors efficiency and intensity the growth potential of the private sector. The listed aims are not exhaustive.
The banking industry which is a major instrument through which government execute their policies, need to appropriately reposition itself to take full advantages of the gains that might arise from deregulation, as well as face the challenges.
Deregulation of the economy will definitely prose some challenges to the banking industry. However the ability to copy with the challenges which will come in the form competitive lending rates, effective management of credit risk, level of expertise in investment banking and cooperate finance activities will all be the important determinant of success for banks.
As a financial intermediary, commercial banks are expected to witness an increase in credit request with concessionaries interest rate. This is as a result of high rate of return that is expected from deregulation of the economy, especially toward deregulation of petroleum products which will definitely attract investors. This is where in the banking industry come in.
The project will therefore aim at analyzing the effect the deregulation of the economy will have on activated of commercial banks.
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Due to the underdeveloped nature of Nigeria banking system it is sometime said that banks have not met the standard expected to them in the process of economic development especially with the introduction of deregulatory policy. There are many problems which the commercial bank is not exception some of the problem to be treated in the text which of course threatens the financial performance of commercial banks are as follows.
The reluctant competition between commercial banks as a result of the deregulatory policy and the possibility of bank failure which prompted the Federal Government to establish the Nigeria Deposit insurance corporation.
i. Ability to cope with the high demand for bank loans with competitive lending rate.
ii. The level of expertise in investment banking and corporate finance.
iii. Ability to effectively manage credit risk these with other problems threatens the financial performance to commercial bank due to the introduction the deregulation of the economy.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The general purpose of this study is to examine the performance of commercial banks under a deregulated economy with a view of assessing, the effect, challenges, and benefits as well as achievement such deregulation will pose on commercial banks.
This study attempt to critically identify and analyze the impact of government deregulation of the economy on commercial banks with the aim making useful recommendation son how to improve commercial bank performance.
Emphasis will also be made on the current banking practices and habit as means of battling with the challenges and the threats deregulation has brought with it. Also to identify the various achievements made with the inception of the policy as well as to examine how effective commercial banks have been since the inception of the policy.
Furthermore this text will try to compare the activities of commercial banks under the system of regulation and deregulation and deregulation in order to know if the main objective of the policy is been achieve. Recommendation that will enhance the efficiency of banks operations will equally be made.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE AND RLEVANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this work will contribute to knowledge in the subject matter, other researcher students and the entire public will hopefully benefit from this study since it will form the basis for other research for other research work.
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study will cover a period of four year period (2000-2004) and a case study approach using first Bank Plc will be adopted. This project will concern itself with the financial performance of commercial banks as measured by a study of the effect of economic deregulation of the various activities of commercial banks.
In order to obtain a broader picture of the effect the deregulations of the economy have on commercial banks. Question arises will also be administer on some other selected banks, in Owerri.
However emphasis on the research will be based on First Bank of Nigeria Plc Owerri
The study will be constrained by the following:
i. The policies and conventions employed by first banks of Nigerian Plc will not necessary be the same as those used by other banks.
ii. The deregulation policies as used by the Federal Government through central bank of Nigeria on a regular basis. There is the possibility that not all policies will be available for this study.
iii. Lack of access to computation and compulsivity of handling multivariate data analysis may pole the greatest problem for the study.
Due to the time limitation and financial constraint it will not be possible in visit more than three commercial banks with concentration on first Bank of Nigeria Plc Owerri.
1.5 FORMILATION OF HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis will be tested.
i. The deregulation of the economy resulted in an upsurge I n the number of commercial banks in the country.
ii. The deregulation of the economy has resulted an increase in commercial banks profitability.
iii. Deregulation of the economy has led to a shape increase in banks bad and doubtful dept.
The research shall restrict itself with the use descriptive hypothesis. The null and alternative hypotheses which are normally used in statistical testing will be use, with null hypothesis represented as Ho and alternative hypothesis represented by H1.
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology will involve the collection of data through oral interviews to top management staff of some commercial banks, namely spring bank guarantee truest bank first ban al in Owerri.
Questionnaire will also be administered to the staff of there banks s well as the use of their financial statement. The researches will analysis the banks records from 200-2004 (A period of form years) both years inclusive.
The research will adopt the case study approach in its analysis and First Bank of Nigeria Plc, Owerri branch will be used as the case study. Major analysis will be based on information received from First Bank Plc, Owerri branch.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Collateral: An item of value demanded by banks as security for loans granted to customers.
2. Credit: Money created by commercial banks through the media of loans and discounts granted to customers.
3. Data: Any kind of information (numerical or non- numerical) relevant to research.
4. Data Analysis: Critical examination of data with explanations and interpretations of research data.
5. Interview: Discullion or conference between two or more people either buy face to face or through a medium such at telephone.
6. Loan: Money lent to customer by banks
7. Over draft: Amount of money by which a bank account is been overdrawn by a customer.
8. Advance: Money paid before the due date.
9. Bank: An institution which borrows money from the public and also lend it to the public.
10. Commercial Bank: Banks designed to lend short term loan and overdraft to their customers.
11. Concept: A term having universal acceptable definition or meaning.
12. Delimitation and limitation: Constraints or problem the research encountered in the course of the research.
13. Population: Totality of all items under study.
14. Primary Data: Data that is made use of by the same person who collected it.
15. Research: Investigation under taking to discover or confirm the existence of something, or to get additional information or knowledge about something.
16. Methodology: Procedure and technique used, including problems encountered in the course of the research.
17. Questionnaire: List of questions in a printed form administered to respondents.
18. Sample: Traction or part of the population taken in a specified, manner.
19. Null Hypothesis: A statistical hypothesis formulated for the purpose of rejecting or nullifying the hypothesis.
20. Oval interview: Face to face interview with the respondent.
21. Respondent: People (Sample of the population) who respondent to the questionnaire or were interviewed.
22. Variable: Any feature possessed by members of a population that differed from one another.
23. Return: The measure of profitability on investment.
24. Ratio: A sample mathematical expression of the relationship of one item to the other.
25. Trend: Time movement in a set of observation taken at specified time period usually at equal intervals.
26. Interest Rate: Rental payment for the use of credit y borrows and returns for parting with
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#3000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
Tags: THE IMPACT OF DEREGULATION ON COMMERCIAL BANKS LENDING OPERATIONS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK NIGERIA PLC)
ABSTRACT
The economy of Nigeria has a lot of structural distortion is the 1980’s. The economy policies pursued prior to 1985 made the Nigeria economy price distortions created by a highly over-valued currency and inappropriate pricing of agricultural and other local products.
The control measure introduced prior to deregulation of the economy were unable to improve the economy positively, instead, that period was characterized by short- supply of industrial inputs. Plant closure, large retrenchment of workers, shortage of goods and price inflation with unfavourable balance of payment.
The Federal Government has pursued vigorously the policy of deregulation of the economy. The structural adjustment programme was designed to attack and remove the Fundamental structural distortions prevalent in the Nigeria economy. Commercial banks should equally anticipate and sensitize itself with the challenges of a deregulated economy.
The major deregulation policies used were deregulation of interest rates structure, introduction of second tier foreign exchange market.
Since the Federal Government is contemplating deregulation as the only paramount solution to the distorted economic structure. The banking Industry (Commercial Banks) need to reposition itself to take full advantage of the gains that might arise from such deregulation. Commercial banks should equally anticipate and sensitize itself with the challenges of a deregulated economy.
APPENDIX 11
QUESTIONAIRE ADMINISTERD AMONG THE BANKING PUBLIC
Dear sir/ Madam,
This questionnaire is part of a research into the deregulation of the economy on the financial performance of commercial Bank.
The research is in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the a ward of a Higher National Diploma (H.N.D) In Banking and Financial Department of the Federal Polytechnic Nekede,
Kindly read each question and briefly express your opinion, your honest and Unbiased opinion is highly solicited for as they will help me with date will be treated in strict confidence.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of problem
1.2 Purpose of study
1.3 Significance and relevance of study
1.4 Scope and limitation of study
1.5 Formulation of Hypothesis
1.6 Research methodology
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The History of Banking in Nigeria
2.2 Functions of Commercial Banks in the Development of Nigeria Economy.
2.3 The Concept of Structural Adjustment programmed (SAP).
2.4 The Concept and Areas of Deregulation in the economy.
2.5 The Role Central Bank in the Deregulation of the Economy
2.6 Effects of Deregulation of the economy on Commercial Banks.
2.7 Challenges and Achievement of Commercial Bank under an Environment of Deregulation.
2.8 A Comparative Analysis of Commercial Banking in an Regulation and Deregulation.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Designs
3.2 Sample size
3.3 Source of Data
3.4 Data Collection Method
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data presentation
4.2 Data Analysis
4.3 Test of Hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of general findings
Conclusion
Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendix- Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The economy of Nigeria had a lot of structural distortions in the 1980s. The economic policies pursued prior to 1985 made the Nigeria economy vulnerable to external shock. Consequently the 1986 budget sought to de-emphasized controls and adopted policy measures aimed at expanding the economy resource balc. To attain this goal the 1986 budget at a tone in the structural adjustment programme which was launched in July 1980 with the introduction of structural adjustment programme came to deregulation of the Nigerian economy.
The deregulation policy which the structural adjustment called for is the process by process by which government remove selected regulations in bull-mess or order to encourage the efficient operation of market.
The theory is that fever regulations will lead to a raised level of competitiveness, therefore higher productivity, more efficiency and lower price overall. The deregulation policy was deigned to.
i. Restructure and diversity the productive base of the economy in order to reduce dependency on the oil sector.
ii. To achieve focal and balance of payment viability.
iii. To lay the basis for sustainable non- inflationary or minimal inflationary growth rate.
iv. To lesion the dominance of unproductive investment in the economy, improve the sectors efficiency and intensity the growth the sectors efficiency and intensity the growth potential of the private sector. The listed aims are not exhaustive.
The banking industry which is a major instrument through which government execute their policies, need to appropriately reposition itself to take full advantages of the gains that might arise from deregulation, as well as face the challenges.
Deregulation of the economy will definitely prose some challenges to the banking industry. However the ability to copy with the challenges which will come in the form competitive lending rates, effective management of credit risk, level of expertise in investment banking and cooperate finance activities will all be the important determinant of success for banks.
As a financial intermediary, commercial banks are expected to witness an increase in credit request with concessionaries interest rate. This is as a result of high rate of return that is expected from deregulation of the economy, especially toward deregulation of petroleum products which will definitely attract investors. This is where in the banking industry come in.
The project will therefore aim at analyzing the effect the deregulation of the economy will have on activated of commercial banks.
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Due to the underdeveloped nature of Nigeria banking system it is sometime said that banks have not met the standard expected to them in the process of economic development especially with the introduction of deregulatory policy. There are many problems which the commercial bank is not exception some of the problem to be treated in the text which of course threatens the financial performance of commercial banks are as follows.
The reluctant competition between commercial banks as a result of the deregulatory policy and the possibility of bank failure which prompted the Federal Government to establish the Nigeria Deposit insurance corporation.
i. Ability to cope with the high demand for bank loans with competitive lending rate.
ii. The level of expertise in investment banking and corporate finance.
iii. Ability to effectively manage credit risk these with other problems threatens the financial performance to commercial bank due to the introduction the deregulation of the economy.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The general purpose of this study is to examine the performance of commercial banks under a deregulated economy with a view of assessing, the effect, challenges, and benefits as well as achievement such deregulation will pose on commercial banks.
This study attempt to critically identify and analyze the impact of government deregulation of the economy on commercial banks with the aim making useful recommendation son how to improve commercial bank performance.
Emphasis will also be made on the current banking practices and habit as means of battling with the challenges and the threats deregulation has brought with it. Also to identify the various achievements made with the inception of the policy as well as to examine how effective commercial banks have been since the inception of the policy.
Furthermore this text will try to compare the activities of commercial banks under the system of regulation and deregulation and deregulation in order to know if the main objective of the policy is been achieve. Recommendation that will enhance the efficiency of banks operations will equally be made.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE AND RLEVANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this work will contribute to knowledge in the subject matter, other researcher students and the entire public will hopefully benefit from this study since it will form the basis for other research for other research work.
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study will cover a period of four year period (2000-2004) and a case study approach using first Bank Plc will be adopted. This project will concern itself with the financial performance of commercial banks as measured by a study of the effect of economic deregulation of the various activities of commercial banks.
In order to obtain a broader picture of the effect the deregulations of the economy have on commercial banks. Question arises will also be administer on some other selected banks, in Owerri.
However emphasis on the research will be based on First Bank of Nigeria Plc Owerri
The study will be constrained by the following:
i. The policies and conventions employed by first banks of Nigerian Plc will not necessary be the same as those used by other banks.
ii. The deregulation policies as used by the Federal Government through central bank of Nigeria on a regular basis. There is the possibility that not all policies will be available for this study.
iii. Lack of access to computation and compulsivity of handling multivariate data analysis may pole the greatest problem for the study.
Due to the time limitation and financial constraint it will not be possible in visit more than three commercial banks with concentration on first Bank of Nigeria Plc Owerri.
1.5 FORMILATION OF HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis will be tested.
i. The deregulation of the economy resulted in an upsurge I n the number of commercial banks in the country.
ii. The deregulation of the economy has resulted an increase in commercial banks profitability.
iii. Deregulation of the economy has led to a shape increase in banks bad and doubtful dept.
The research shall restrict itself with the use descriptive hypothesis. The null and alternative hypotheses which are normally used in statistical testing will be use, with null hypothesis represented as Ho and alternative hypothesis represented by H1.
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology will involve the collection of data through oral interviews to top management staff of some commercial banks, namely spring bank guarantee truest bank first ban al in Owerri.
Questionnaire will also be administered to the staff of there banks s well as the use of their financial statement. The researches will analysis the banks records from 200-2004 (A period of form years) both years inclusive.
The research will adopt the case study approach in its analysis and First Bank of Nigeria Plc, Owerri branch will be used as the case study. Major analysis will be based on information received from First Bank Plc, Owerri branch.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Collateral: An item of value demanded by banks as security for loans granted to customers.
2. Credit: Money created by commercial banks through the media of loans and discounts granted to customers.
3. Data: Any kind of information (numerical or non- numerical) relevant to research.
4. Data Analysis: Critical examination of data with explanations and interpretations of research data.
5. Interview: Discullion or conference between two or more people either buy face to face or through a medium such at telephone.
6. Loan: Money lent to customer by banks
7. Over draft: Amount of money by which a bank account is been overdrawn by a customer.
8. Advance: Money paid before the due date.
9. Bank: An institution which borrows money from the public and also lend it to the public.
10. Commercial Bank: Banks designed to lend short term loan and overdraft to their customers.
11. Concept: A term having universal acceptable definition or meaning.
12. Delimitation and limitation: Constraints or problem the research encountered in the course of the research.
13. Population: Totality of all items under study.
14. Primary Data: Data that is made use of by the same person who collected it.
15. Research: Investigation under taking to discover or confirm the existence of something, or to get additional information or knowledge about something.
16. Methodology: Procedure and technique used, including problems encountered in the course of the research.
17. Questionnaire: List of questions in a printed form administered to respondents.
18. Sample: Traction or part of the population taken in a specified, manner.
19. Null Hypothesis: A statistical hypothesis formulated for the purpose of rejecting or nullifying the hypothesis.
20. Oval interview: Face to face interview with the respondent.
21. Respondent: People (Sample of the population) who respondent to the questionnaire or were interviewed.
22. Variable: Any feature possessed by members of a population that differed from one another.
23. Return: The measure of profitability on investment.
24. Ratio: A sample mathematical expression of the relationship of one item to the other.
25. Trend: Time movement in a set of observation taken at specified time period usually at equal intervals.
26. Interest Rate: Rental payment for the use of credit y borrows and returns for parting with
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#10000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
Tags: THE IMPACT OF DEREGULATION ON COMMERCIAL BANKS LENDING OPERATIONS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK NIGERIA PLC)
ABSTRACT
The economy of Nigeria has a lot of structural distortion is the 1980’s. The economy policies pursued prior to 1985 made the Nigeria economy price distortions created by a highly over-valued currency and inappropriate pricing of agricultural and other local products.
The control measure introduced prior to deregulation of the economy were unable to improve the economy positively, instead, that period was characterized by short- supply of industrial inputs. Plant closure, large retrenchment of workers, shortage of goods and price inflation with unfavourable balance of payment.
The Federal Government has pursued vigorously the policy of deregulation of the economy. The structural adjustment programme was designed to attack and remove the Fundamental structural distortions prevalent in the Nigeria economy. Commercial banks should equally anticipate and sensitize itself with the challenges of a deregulated economy.
The major deregulation policies used were deregulation of interest rates structure, introduction of second tier foreign exchange market.
Since the Federal Government is contemplating deregulation as the only paramount solution to the distorted economic structure. The banking Industry (Commercial Banks) need to reposition itself to take full advantage of the gains that might arise from such deregulation. Commercial banks should equally anticipate and sensitize itself with the challenges of a deregulated economy.
APPENDIX 11
QUESTIONAIRE ADMINISTERD AMONG THE BANKING PUBLIC
Dear sir/ Madam,
This questionnaire is part of a research into the deregulation of the economy on the financial performance of commercial Bank.
The research is in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the a ward of a Higher National Diploma (H.N.D) In Banking and Financial Department of the Federal Polytechnic Nekede,
Kindly read each question and briefly express your opinion, your honest and Unbiased opinion is highly solicited for as they will help me with date will be treated in strict confidence.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of problem
1.2 Purpose of study
1.3 Significance and relevance of study
1.4 Scope and limitation of study
1.5 Formulation of Hypothesis
1.6 Research methodology
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The History of Banking in Nigeria
2.2 Functions of Commercial Banks in the Development of Nigeria Economy.
2.3 The Concept of Structural Adjustment programmed (SAP).
2.4 The Concept and Areas of Deregulation in the economy.
2.5 The Role Central Bank in the Deregulation of the Economy
2.6 Effects of Deregulation of the economy on Commercial Banks.
2.7 Challenges and Achievement of Commercial Bank under an Environment of Deregulation.
2.8 A Comparative Analysis of Commercial Banking in an Regulation and Deregulation.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Designs
3.2 Sample size
3.3 Source of Data
3.4 Data Collection Method
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data presentation
4.2 Data Analysis
4.3 Test of Hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of general findings
Conclusion
Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendix- Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The economy of Nigeria had a lot of structural distortions in the 1980s. The economic policies pursued prior to 1985 made the Nigeria economy vulnerable to external shock. Consequently the 1986 budget sought to de-emphasized controls and adopted policy measures aimed at expanding the economy resource balc. To attain this goal the 1986 budget at a tone in the structural adjustment programme which was launched in July 1980 with the introduction of structural adjustment programme came to deregulation of the Nigerian economy.
The deregulation policy which the structural adjustment called for is the process by process by which government remove selected regulations in bull-mess or order to encourage the efficient operation of market.
The theory is that fever regulations will lead to a raised level of competitiveness, therefore higher productivity, more efficiency and lower price overall. The deregulation policy was deigned to.
i. Restructure and diversity the productive base of the economy in order to reduce dependency on the oil sector.
ii. To achieve focal and balance of payment viability.
iii. To lay the basis for sustainable non- inflationary or minimal inflationary growth rate.
iv. To lesion the dominance of unproductive investment in the economy, improve the sectors efficiency and intensity the growth the sectors efficiency and intensity the growth potential of the private sector. The listed aims are not exhaustive.
The banking industry which is a major instrument through which government execute their policies, need to appropriately reposition itself to take full advantages of the gains that might arise from deregulation, as well as face the challenges.
Deregulation of the economy will definitely prose some challenges to the banking industry. However the ability to copy with the challenges which will come in the form competitive lending rates, effective management of credit risk, level of expertise in investment banking and cooperate finance activities will all be the important determinant of success for banks.
As a financial intermediary, commercial banks are expected to witness an increase in credit request with concessionaries interest rate. This is as a result of high rate of return that is expected from deregulation of the economy, especially toward deregulation of petroleum products which will definitely attract investors. This is where in the banking industry come in.
The project will therefore aim at analyzing the effect the deregulation of the economy will have on activated of commercial banks.
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Due to the underdeveloped nature of Nigeria banking system it is sometime said that banks have not met the standard expected to them in the process of economic development especially with the introduction of deregulatory policy. There are many problems which the commercial bank is not exception some of the problem to be treated in the text which of course threatens the financial performance of commercial banks are as follows.
The reluctant competition between commercial banks as a result of the deregulatory policy and the possibility of bank failure which prompted the Federal Government to establish the Nigeria Deposit insurance corporation.
i. Ability to cope with the high demand for bank loans with competitive lending rate.
ii. The level of expertise in investment banking and corporate finance.
iii. Ability to effectively manage credit risk these with other problems threatens the financial performance to commercial bank due to the introduction the deregulation of the economy.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The general purpose of this study is to examine the performance of commercial banks under a deregulated economy with a view of assessing, the effect, challenges, and benefits as well as achievement such deregulation will pose on commercial banks.
This study attempt to critically identify and analyze the impact of government deregulation of the economy on commercial banks with the aim making useful recommendation son how to improve commercial bank performance.
Emphasis will also be made on the current banking practices and habit as means of battling with the challenges and the threats deregulation has brought with it. Also to identify the various achievements made with the inception of the policy as well as to examine how effective commercial banks have been since the inception of the policy.
Furthermore this text will try to compare the activities of commercial banks under the system of regulation and deregulation and deregulation in order to know if the main objective of the policy is been achieve. Recommendation that will enhance the efficiency of banks operations will equally be made.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE AND RLEVANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this work will contribute to knowledge in the subject matter, other researcher students and the entire public will hopefully benefit from this study since it will form the basis for other research for other research work.
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study will cover a period of four year period (2000-2004) and a case study approach using first Bank Plc will be adopted. This project will concern itself with the financial performance of commercial banks as measured by a study of the effect of economic deregulation of the various activities of commercial banks.
In order to obtain a broader picture of the effect the deregulations of the economy have on commercial banks. Question arises will also be administer on some other selected banks, in Owerri.
However emphasis on the research will be based on First Bank of Nigeria Plc Owerri
The study will be constrained by the following:
i. The policies and conventions employed by first banks of Nigerian Plc will not necessary be the same as those used by other banks.
ii. The deregulation policies as used by the Federal Government through central bank of Nigeria on a regular basis. There is the possibility that not all policies will be available for this study.
iii. Lack of access to computation and compulsivity of handling multivariate data analysis may pole the greatest problem for the study.
Due to the time limitation and financial constraint it will not be possible in visit more than three commercial banks with concentration on first Bank of Nigeria Plc Owerri.
1.5 FORMILATION OF HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis will be tested.
i. The deregulation of the economy resulted in an upsurge I n the number of commercial banks in the country.
ii. The deregulation of the economy has resulted an increase in commercial banks profitability.
iii. Deregulation of the economy has led to a shape increase in banks bad and doubtful dept.
The research shall restrict itself with the use descriptive hypothesis. The null and alternative hypotheses which are normally used in statistical testing will be use, with null hypothesis represented as Ho and alternative hypothesis represented by H1.
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology will involve the collection of data through oral interviews to top management staff of some commercial banks, namely spring bank guarantee truest bank first ban al in Owerri.
Questionnaire will also be administered to the staff of there banks s well as the use of their financial statement. The researches will analysis the banks records from 200-2004 (A period of form years) both years inclusive.
The research will adopt the case study approach in its analysis and First Bank of Nigeria Plc, Owerri branch will be used as the case study. Major analysis will be based on information received from First Bank Plc, Owerri branch.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Collateral: An item of value demanded by banks as security for loans granted to customers.
2. Credit: Money created by commercial banks through the media of loans and discounts granted to customers.
3. Data: Any kind of information (numerical or non- numerical) relevant to research.
4. Data Analysis: Critical examination of data with explanations and interpretations of research data.
5. Interview: Discullion or conference between two or more people either buy face to face or through a medium such at telephone.
6. Loan: Money lent to customer by banks
7. Over draft: Amount of money by which a bank account is been overdrawn by a customer.
8. Advance: Money paid before the due date.
9. Bank: An institution which borrows money from the public and also lend it to the public.
10. Commercial Bank: Banks designed to lend short term loan and overdraft to their customers.
11. Concept: A term having universal acceptable definition or meaning.
12. Delimitation and limitation: Constraints or problem the research encountered in the course of the research.
13. Population: Totality of all items under study.
14. Primary Data: Data that is made use of by the same person who collected it.
15. Research: Investigation under taking to discover or confirm the existence of something, or to get additional information or knowledge about something.
16. Methodology: Procedure and technique used, including problems encountered in the course of the research.
17. Questionnaire: List of questions in a printed form administered to respondents.
18. Sample: Traction or part of the population taken in a specified, manner.
19. Null Hypothesis: A statistical hypothesis formulated for the purpose of rejecting or nullifying the hypothesis.
20. Oval interview: Face to face interview with the respondent.
21. Respondent: People (Sample of the population) who respondent to the questionnaire or were interviewed.
22. Variable: Any feature possessed by members of a population that differed from one another.
23. Return: The measure of profitability on investment.
24. Ratio: A sample mathematical expression of the relationship of one item to the other.
25. Trend: Time movement in a set of observation taken at specified time period usually at equal intervals.
26. Interest Rate: Rental payment for the use of credit y borrows and returns for parting with
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
Tags: THE IMPACT OF DEREGULATION ON COMMERCIAL BANKS LENDING OPERATIONS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK NIGERIA PLC)
ABSTRACT
The economy of Nigeria has a lot of structural distortion is the 1980’s. The economy policies pursued prior to 1985 made the Nigeria economy price distortions created by a highly over-valued currency and inappropriate pricing of agricultural and other local products.
The control measure introduced prior to deregulation of the economy were unable to improve the economy positively, instead, that period was characterized by short- supply of industrial inputs. Plant closure, large retrenchment of workers, shortage of goods and price inflation with unfavourable balance of payment.
The Federal Government has pursued vigorously the policy of deregulation of the economy. The structural adjustment programme was designed to attack and remove the Fundamental structural distortions prevalent in the Nigeria economy. Commercial banks should equally anticipate and sensitize itself with the challenges of a deregulated economy.
The major deregulation policies used were deregulation of interest rates structure, introduction of second tier foreign exchange market.
Since the Federal Government is contemplating deregulation as the only paramount solution to the distorted economic structure. The banking Industry (Commercial Banks) need to reposition itself to take full advantage of the gains that might arise from such deregulation. Commercial banks should equally anticipate and sensitize itself with the challenges of a deregulated economy.
APPENDIX 11
QUESTIONAIRE ADMINISTERD AMONG THE BANKING PUBLIC
Dear sir/ Madam,
This questionnaire is part of a research into the deregulation of the economy on the financial performance of commercial Bank.
The research is in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the a ward of a Higher National Diploma (H.N.D) In Banking and Financial Department of the Federal Polytechnic Nekede,
Kindly read each question and briefly express your opinion, your honest and Unbiased opinion is highly solicited for as they will help me with date will be treated in strict confidence.
Thanks for your cooperation.
NEAMADI CHIGOZIE .M.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of problem
1.2 Purpose of study
1.3 Significance and relevance of study
1.4 Scope and limitation of study
1.5 Formulation of Hypothesis
1.6 Research methodology
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The History of Banking in Nigeria
2.2 Functions of Commercial Banks in the Development of Nigeria Economy.
2.3 The Concept of Structural Adjustment programmed (SAP).
2.4 The Concept and Areas of Deregulation in the economy.
2.5 The Role Central Bank in the Deregulation of the Economy
2.6 Effects of Deregulation of the economy on Commercial Banks.
2.7 Challenges and Achievement of Commercial Bank under an Environment of Deregulation.
2.8 A Comparative Analysis of Commercial Banking in an Regulation and Deregulation.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Designs
3.2 Sample size
3.3 Source of Data
3.4 Data Collection Method
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data presentation
4.2 Data Analysis
4.3 Test of Hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of general findings
Conclusion
Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendix- Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The economy of Nigeria had a lot of structural distortions in the 1980s. The economic policies pursued prior to 1985 made the Nigeria economy vulnerable to external shock. Consequently the 1986 budget sought to de-emphasized controls and adopted policy measures aimed at expanding the economy resource balc. To attain this goal the 1986 budget at a tone in the structural adjustment programme which was launched in July 1980 with the introduction of structural adjustment programme came to deregulation of the Nigerian economy.
The deregulation policy which the structural adjustment called for is the process by process by which government remove selected regulations in bull-mess or order to encourage the efficient operation of market.
The theory is that fever regulations will lead to a raised level of competitiveness, therefore higher productivity, more efficiency and lower price overall. The deregulation policy was deigned to.
i. Restructure and diversity the productive base of the economy in order to reduce dependency on the oil sector.
ii. To achieve focal and balance of payment viability.
iii. To lay the basis for sustainable non- inflationary or minimal inflationary growth rate.
iv. To lesion the dominance of unproductive investment in the economy, improve the sectors efficiency and intensity the growth the sectors efficiency and intensity the growth potential of the private sector. The listed aims are not exhaustive.
The banking industry which is a major instrument through which government execute their policies, need to appropriately reposition itself to take full advantages of the gains that might arise from deregulation, as well as face the challenges.
Deregulation of the economy will definitely prose some challenges to the banking industry. However the ability to copy with the challenges which will come in the form competitive lending rates, effective management of credit risk, level of expertise in investment banking and cooperate finance activities will all be the important determinant of success for banks.
As a financial intermediary, commercial banks are expected to witness an increase in credit request with concessionaries interest rate. This is as a result of high rate of return that is expected from deregulation of the economy, especially toward deregulation of petroleum products which will definitely attract investors. This is where in the banking industry come in.
The project will therefore aim at analyzing the effect the deregulation of the economy will have on activated of commercial banks.
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Due to the underdeveloped nature of Nigeria banking system it is sometime said that banks have not met the standard expected to them in the process of economic development especially with the introduction of deregulatory policy. There are many problems which the commercial bank is not exception some of the problem to be treated in the text which of course threatens the financial performance of commercial banks are as follows.
The reluctant competition between commercial banks as a result of the deregulatory policy and the possibility of bank failure which prompted the Federal Government to establish the Nigeria Deposit insurance corporation.
i. Ability to cope with the high demand for bank loans with competitive lending rate.
ii. The level of expertise in investment banking and corporate finance.
iii. Ability to effectively manage credit risk these with other problems threatens the financial performance to commercial bank due to the introduction the deregulation of the economy.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The general purpose of this study is to examine the performance of commercial banks under a deregulated economy with a view of assessing, the effect, challenges, and benefits as well as achievement such deregulation will pose on commercial banks.
This study attempt to critically identify and analyze the impact of government deregulation of the economy on commercial banks with the aim making useful recommendation son how to improve commercial bank performance.
Emphasis will also be made on the current banking practices and habit as means of battling with the challenges and the threats deregulation has brought with it. Also to identify the various achievements made with the inception of the policy as well as to examine how effective commercial banks have been since the inception of the policy.
Furthermore this text will try to compare the activities of commercial banks under the system of regulation and deregulation and deregulation in order to know if the main objective of the policy is been achieve. Recommendation that will enhance the efficiency of banks operations will equally be made.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE AND RLEVANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this work will contribute to knowledge in the subject matter, other researcher students and the entire public will hopefully benefit from this study since it will form the basis for other research for other research work.
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study will cover a period of four year period (2000-2004) and a case study approach using first Bank Plc will be adopted. This project will concern itself with the financial performance of commercial banks as measured by a study of the effect of economic deregulation of the various activities of commercial banks.
In order to obtain a broader picture of the effect the deregulations of the economy have on commercial banks. Question arises will also be administer on some other selected banks, in Owerri.
However emphasis on the research will be based on First Bank of Nigeria Plc Owerri
The study will be constrained by the following:
i. The policies and conventions employed by first banks of Nigerian Plc will not necessary be the same as those used by other banks.
ii. The deregulation policies as used by the Federal Government through central bank of Nigeria on a regular basis. There is the possibility that not all policies will be available for this study.
iii. Lack of access to computation and compulsivity of handling multivariate data analysis may pole the greatest problem for the study.
Due to the time limitation and financial constraint it will not be possible in visit more than three commercial banks with concentration on first Bank of Nigeria Plc Owerri.
1.5 FORMILATION OF HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis will be tested.
i. The deregulation of the economy resulted in an upsurge I n the number of commercial banks in the country.
ii. The deregulation of the economy has resulted an increase in commercial banks profitability.
iii. Deregulation of the economy has led to a shape increase in banks bad and doubtful dept.
The research shall restrict itself with the use descriptive hypothesis. The null and alternative hypotheses which are normally used in statistical testing will be use, with null hypothesis represented as Ho and alternative hypothesis represented by H1.
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology will involve the collection of data through oral interviews to top management staff of some commercial banks, namely spring bank guarantee truest bank first ban al in Owerri.
Questionnaire will also be administered to the staff of there banks s well as the use of their financial statement. The researches will analysis the banks records from 200-2004 (A period of form years) both years inclusive.
The research will adopt the case study approach in its analysis and First Bank of Nigeria Plc, Owerri branch will be used as the case study. Major analysis will be based on information received from First Bank Plc, Owerri branch.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Collateral: An item of value demanded by banks as security for loans granted to customers.
2. Credit: Money created by commercial banks through the media of loans and discounts granted to customers.
3. Data: Any kind of information (numerical or non- numerical) relevant to research.
4. Data Analysis: Critical examination of data with explanations and interpretations of research data.
5. Interview: Discullion or conference between two or more people either buy face to face or through a medium such at telephone.
6. Loan: Money lent to customer by banks
7. Over draft: Amount of money by which a bank account is been overdrawn by a customer.
8. Advance: Money paid before the due date.
9. Bank: An institution which borrows money from the public and also lend it to the public.
10. Commercial Bank: Banks designed to lend short term loan and overdraft to their customers.
11. Concept: A term having universal acceptable definition or meaning.
12. Delimitation and limitation: Constraints or problem the research encountered in the course of the research.
13. Population: Totality of all items under study.
14. Primary Data: Data that is made use of by the same person who collected it.
15. Research: Investigation under taking to discover or confirm the existence of something, or to get additional information or knowledge about something.
16. Methodology: Procedure and technique used, including problems encountered in the course of the research.
17. Questionnaire: List of questions in a printed form administered to respondents.
18. Sample: Traction or part of the population taken in a specified, manner.
19. Null Hypothesis: A statistical hypothesis formulated for the purpose of rejecting or nullifying the hypothesis.
20. Oval interview: Face to face interview with the respondent.
21. Respondent: People (Sample of the population) who respondent to the questionnaire or were interviewed.
22. Variable: Any feature possessed by members of a population that differed from one another.
23. Return: The measure of profitability on investment.
24. Ratio: A sample mathematical expression of the relationship of one item to the other.
25. Trend: Time movement in a set of observation taken at specified time period usually at equal intervals.
26. Interest Rate: Rental payment for the use of credit y borrows and returns for parting with liquidity by lenders.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#3000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
Tags: THE IMPACT OF DEREGULATION OF THE ECONOMY ON NIGERIA COMMERCIAL BANKS (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK NIGERIA PLC)
ABSTRACT
The economy of Nigeria has a lot of structural distortion is the 1980’s. The economy policies pursued prior to 1985 made the Nigeria economy price distortions created by a highly over-valued currency and inappropriate pricing of agricultural and other local products.
The control measure introduced prior to deregulation of the economy were unable to improve the economy positively, instead, that period was characterized by short- supply of industrial inputs. Plant closure, large retrenchment of workers, shortage of goods and price inflation with unfavourable balance of payment.
The Federal Government has pursued vigorously the policy of deregulation of the economy. The structural adjustment programme was designed to attack and remove the Fundamental structural distortions prevalent in the Nigeria economy. Commercial banks should equally anticipate and sensitize itself with the challenges of a deregulated economy.
The major deregulation policies used were deregulation of interest rates structure, introduction of second tier foreign exchange market.
Since the Federal Government is contemplating deregulation as the only paramount solution to the distorted economic structure. The banking Industry (Commercial Banks) need to reposition itself to take full advantage of the gains that might arise from such deregulation. Commercial banks should equally anticipate and sensitize itself with the challenges of a deregulated economy.
APPENDIX 11
QUESTIONAIRE ADMINISTERD AMONG THE BANKING PUBLIC
Dear sir/ Madam,
This questionnaire is part of a research into the deregulation of the economy on the financial performance of commercial Bank.
The research is in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the a ward of a Higher National Diploma (H.N.D) In Banking and Financial Department of the Federal Polytechnic Nekede,
Kindly read each question and briefly express your opinion, your honest and Unbiased opinion is highly solicited for as they will help me with date will be treated in strict confidence.
Thanks for your cooperation.
NEAMADI CHIGOZIE .M.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of problem
1.2 Purpose of study
1.3 Significance and relevance of study
1.4 Scope and limitation of study
1.5 Formulation of Hypothesis
1.6 Research methodology
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The History of Banking in Nigeria
2.2 Functions of Commercial Banks in the Development of Nigeria Economy.
2.3 The Concept of Structural Adjustment programmed (SAP).
2.4 The Concept and Areas of Deregulation in the economy.
2.5 The Role Central Bank in the Deregulation of the Economy
2.6 Effects of Deregulation of the economy on Commercial Banks.
2.7 Challenges and Achievement of Commercial Bank under an Environment of Deregulation.
2.8 A Comparative Analysis of Commercial Banking in an Regulation and Deregulation.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Designs
3.2 Sample size
3.3 Source of Data
3.4 Data Collection Method
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data presentation
4.2 Data Analysis
4.3 Test of Hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of general findings
Conclusion
Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendix- Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The economy of Nigeria had a lot of structural distortions in the 1980s. The economic policies pursued prior to 1985 made the Nigeria economy vulnerable to external shock. Consequently the 1986 budget sought to de-emphasized controls and adopted policy measures aimed at expanding the economy resource balc. To attain this goal the 1986 budget at a tone in the structural adjustment programme which was launched in July 1980 with the introduction of structural adjustment programme came to deregulation of the Nigerian economy.
The deregulation policy which the structural adjustment called for is the process by process by which government remove selected regulations in bull-mess or order to encourage the efficient operation of market.
The theory is that fever regulations will lead to a raised level of competitiveness, therefore higher productivity, more efficiency and lower price overall. The deregulation policy was deigned to.
i. Restructure and diversity the productive base of the economy in order to reduce dependency on the oil sector.
ii. To achieve focal and balance of payment viability.
iii. To lay the basis for sustainable non- inflationary or minimal inflationary growth rate.
iv. To lesion the dominance of unproductive investment in the economy, improve the sectors efficiency and intensity the growth the sectors efficiency and intensity the growth potential of the private sector. The listed aims are not exhaustive.
The banking industry which is a major instrument through which government execute their policies, need to appropriately reposition itself to take full advantages of the gains that might arise from deregulation, as well as face the challenges.
Deregulation of the economy will definitely prose some challenges to the banking industry. However the ability to copy with the challenges which will come in the form competitive lending rates, effective management of credit risk, level of expertise in investment banking and cooperate finance activities will all be the important determinant of success for banks.
As a financial intermediary, commercial banks are expected to witness an increase in credit request with concessionaries interest rate. This is as a result of high rate of return that is expected from deregulation of the economy, especially toward deregulation of petroleum products which will definitely attract investors. This is where in the banking industry come in.
The project will therefore aim at analyzing the effect the deregulation of the economy will have on activated of commercial banks.
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Due to the underdeveloped nature of Nigeria banking system it is sometime said that banks have not met the standard expected to them in the process of economic development especially with the introduction of deregulatory policy. There are many problems which the commercial bank is not exception some of the problem to be treated in the text which of course threatens the financial performance of commercial banks are as follows.
The reluctant competition between commercial banks as a result of the deregulatory policy and the possibility of bank failure which prompted the Federal Government to establish the Nigeria Deposit insurance corporation.
i. Ability to cope with the high demand for bank loans with competitive lending rate.
ii. The level of expertise in investment banking and corporate finance.
iii. Ability to effectively manage credit risk these with other problems threatens the financial performance to commercial bank due to the introduction the deregulation of the economy.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The general purpose of this study is to examine the performance of commercial banks under a deregulated economy with a view of assessing, the effect, challenges, and benefits as well as achievement such deregulation will pose on commercial banks.
This study attempt to critically identify and analyze the impact of government deregulation of the economy on commercial banks with the aim making useful recommendation son how to improve commercial bank performance.
Emphasis will also be made on the current banking practices and habit as means of battling with the challenges and the threats deregulation has brought with it. Also to identify the various achievements made with the inception of the policy as well as to examine how effective commercial banks have been since the inception of the policy.
Furthermore this text will try to compare the activities of commercial banks under the system of regulation and deregulation and deregulation in order to know if the main objective of the policy is been achieve. Recommendation that will enhance the efficiency of banks operations will equally be made.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE AND RLEVANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this work will contribute to knowledge in the subject matter, other researcher students and the entire public will hopefully benefit from this study since it will form the basis for other research for other research work.
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study will cover a period of four year period (2000-2004) and a case study approach using first Bank Plc will be adopted. This project will concern itself with the financial performance of commercial banks as measured by a study of the effect of economic deregulation of the various activities of commercial banks.
In order to obtain a broader picture of the effect the deregulations of the economy have on commercial banks. Question arises will also be administer on some other selected banks, in Owerri.
However emphasis on the research will be based on First Bank of Nigeria Plc Owerri
The study will be constrained by the following:
i. The policies and conventions employed by first banks of Nigerian Plc will not necessary be the same as those used by other banks.
ii. The deregulation policies as used by the Federal Government through central bank of Nigeria on a regular basis. There is the possibility that not all policies will be available for this study.
iii. Lack of access to computation and compulsivity of handling multivariate data analysis may pole the greatest problem for the study.
Due to the time limitation and financial constraint it will not be possible in visit more than three commercial banks with concentration on first Bank of Nigeria Plc Owerri.
1.5 FORMILATION OF HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis will be tested.
i. The deregulation of the economy resulted in an upsurge I n the number of commercial banks in the country.
ii. The deregulation of the economy has resulted an increase in commercial banks profitability.
iii. Deregulation of the economy has led to a shape increase in banks bad and doubtful dept.
The research shall restrict itself with the use descriptive hypothesis. The null and alternative hypotheses which are normally used in statistical testing will be use, with null hypothesis represented as Ho and alternative hypothesis represented by H1.
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology will involve the collection of data through oral interviews to top management staff of some commercial banks, namely spring bank guarantee truest bank first ban al in Owerri.
Questionnaire will also be administered to the staff of there banks s well as the use of their financial statement. The researches will analysis the banks records from 200-2004 (A period of form years) both years inclusive.
The research will adopt the case study approach in its analysis and First Bank of Nigeria Plc, Owerri branch will be used as the case study. Major analysis will be based on information received from First Bank Plc, Owerri branch.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Collateral: An item of value demanded by banks as security for loans granted to customers.
2. Credit: Money created by commercial banks through the media of loans and discounts granted to customers.
3. Data: Any kind of information (numerical or non- numerical) relevant to research.
4. Data Analysis: Critical examination of data with explanations and interpretations of research data.
5. Interview: Discullion or conference between two or more people either buy face to face or through a medium such at telephone.
6. Loan: Money lent to customer by banks
7. Over draft: Amount of money by which a bank account is been overdrawn by a customer.
8. Advance: Money paid before the due date.
9. Bank: An institution which borrows money from the public and also lend it to the public.
10. Commercial Bank: Banks designed to lend short term loan and overdraft to their customers.
11. Concept: A term having universal acceptable definition or meaning.
12. Delimitation and limitation: Constraints or problem the research encountered in the course of the research.
13. Population: Totality of all items under study.
14. Primary Data: Data that is made use of by the same person who collected it.
15. Research: Investigation under taking to discover or confirm the existence of something, or to get additional information or knowledge about something.
16. Methodology: Procedure and technique used, including problems encountered in the course of the research.
17. Questionnaire: List of questions in a printed form administered to respondents.
18. Sample: Traction or part of the population taken in a specified, manner.
19. Null Hypothesis: A statistical hypothesis formulated for the purpose of rejecting or nullifying the hypothesis.
20. Oval interview: Face to face interview with the respondent.
21. Respondent: People (Sample of the population) who respondent to the questionnaire or were interviewed.
22. Variable: Any feature possessed by members of a population that differed from one another.
23. Return: The measure of profitability on investment.
24. Ratio: A sample mathematical expression of the relationship of one item to the other.
25. Trend: Time movement in a set of observation taken at specified time period usually at equal intervals.
26. Interest Rate: Rental payment for the use of credit y borrows and returns for parting with liquidity by lenders.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#10000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
Tags: THE IMPACT OF DEREGULATION OF THE ECONOMY ON NIGERIA COMMERCIAL BANKS (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK NIGERIA PLC)
