EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AND IMPACT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OWAN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of Problems 3
1.3 Objective of the Study 4
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Hypothesis 5
1.6 Significance of the Study 6
1.7 Scope of the Study 8
1.8 Definition of Terms
9
CHAPTER TWO
Review of Related Literature 12
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology and Research Design 28
3.1 Research Design 28
3.2 Area of Study 29
3.3 Population of the Study 29
3.4 Sample & Sampling Procedure/Technique 29
3.5 Instrument of Data Collection 30
3.6 Method of Data Collection 32
3.7 Method of Data Analysis 33
References 34
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Presentation and Analysis 35
CHAPTER FIVE
Findings, Conclusion & Recommendations 48
5.1 Findings 48
OF EDUCATION EXPENDITURE IN ANIGERIA (199AA
PROJECT PROPOSAA
ABSTRACT:
This research is on the evaluation of government expenditureon education and impact in public secondary schools in Owan East local government area.
The first chapter dealt on the background of the concept. It went further to state the problems of the research. It stated the objective of the study. The instrument of the research was based on primary sources
The second chapter dealt on the literature review
The research ends with findings after the data analysis, recommendations, summary and conclusion
PROJECT TOPIC:
EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITUREON EDUCATION AND IMPACT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OWAN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In Nigeria today today, formal education is in a state of crisis. While curricular reform continues to serve as an ongoing source of public policy debate, Nigerian leaders are confronting increasing difficulty in allocating educational resources to meet present and future levels of demand. The paralysis that has been unfolding is one characterized basically by education’s rising claim on public sector resources against a backdrop of widespread poor economic growth, mounting international debt, and rapidly growing populations whose demand for education can not be met readily by traditional means. There has been a positive relationship between per capita GDP and education’s share of GDP. Wide disparities suggest that since education must compete against other claims for investment resources, how efficiently education is delivered may be as important as the level of resources. Within this context, we ask what options are available to respond to Nigeria’s growing educational demand, how can they be managed, and what role can these options play in promoting accelerated economic growth and development?
Education is both a private and social investment that is shared by individual students, their families, employers, government and other groups including international agencies. The sharing arrangement varies considerably from country to country both in the proportion of public and private funds allocated to education and in the mechanism by which the cost of education is funded. It thus yields direct and indirect benefits both to individuals and to the society. The most obvious direct benefit of education to individuals is higher lifetime earning and for the society; is higher productivity of educated workers and the additional contribution to national income over their entire working lives (Psacharopoulos, 1994).
A major controversy among analysts and policy makers concerns the objectives of educational development. Some have suggested that education should be provided for its own sake, as a means of enriching individuals knowledge and developing their full personality. This concept of education has continually influenced policies in some advanced countries of the world. Others hold that education should seek to prepare people to perform functions that are essential for the transformation of their environment.
The two points of view can be considered in terms of regarding education as a consumer good or as a capital good. The notion of education as a capital good is rooted in the concept of human capital, which attaches high premium to human skills as a factor of production in the development process. A corollary of this is that human skill or productivity is just as important input in the process of development as finance, natural wealth and physical plant. Because education plays a most important role in the creation and improvement of human capital, its relevance and importance to economic growth and development are now well recognized in development planning. Experiences of developing countries during the past decades have indicated that shortage of talents and skills needed for development can decisively retard economic progress.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The rapid expansion of education system over the last three decades, compounded by the more recent global economic crisis and fiscal stringency due to over dependent on oil has left both the lower and higher education institutions in Nigeria short of funds for their operations in relation to the demand imposed on them.
The idea that education is a form of investment in human capital is one of the most important developments in economics in recent decades and it has had considerable impact on educational planning both in developed and developing countries. For both governments and individuals, the choice between different ways of investing resources rests to a large extent on an evaluation of the costs and benefits associated with the investments.
In Nigeria, the decline in the quality of education at all levels has become a fact of national life. Indeed, the most significant event in the sector in the recent past has been the continuing crisis besetting the educational system. This crisis is rooted in the deteriorating conditions within the citadels of learning, in respect to teaching facilities and other infrastructural facilities, the welfare of those engaged in the teaching profession and the ever increasing cost of education. This has culminated in student unrest and industrial actions by lecturers and teachers through their respective umbrella associations such as Academic Staff of Nigerian universities (ASUU), Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT) etc at the different levels of the educational system.
Owing to the failure of the state and local government to fund primary and secondary education appropriately, the Federal Government moved to take over the affairs of these tiers of the system at the expense of the higher education. Due to this shift in the government policy, the crisis in the Nigerian educational system, and their fundamental causes i.e the gross under funding of the institutions, poor conditions of service for teachers among other issues have continued unabated. The study seeks to evaluate the efficiency of government expenditure on the educational sector in terms of its impact on Public secondary schools in owan local government area.
.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The broad objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of education expenditure, identifying the various alternative policy options available with a view to offer the best policy recommendation. Specifically, the study intends to:
(1) determine the relationship between education expenditure and economic growth.
(2) investigate the impact of education expenditure on Public secondary schools in owan local government area
(3) assess the effect of education expenditure on the level of literacy.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In an attempt to achieve the stated objectives, the study addresses the following research questions:
1. What is the relationship between education expenditure and growth of Public secondary schools in owan local government area
of Nigeria?
2. Does expenditure education contribute to human capital development in Nigeria?
3. Does government expenditure on education impacts on the level of literacy in Nigeria?
RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
The hypotheses testing focus on the following research hypotheses:
Hypothesis I
H0: There is no significant positive relationship between education expenditure and growth of Public secondary schools in owan local government area
of Nigeria.
H1: There is significant positive relationship between education expenditure and educational
growth of Nigeria.
Hypothesis II
H0: There is no significant positive relationship between education expenditure and Human Development in Nigeria.
H1: There is significant positive relationship between education expenditure and Human Development in Nigeria.
Hypothesis III
H0: There is no significant positive relationship between education expenditure and literacy rate in Nigeria.
H1: There is significant positive relationship between education expenditure and literacy rate in Nigeria.
Where H0 = Hull Hypothesis and Ha = Alternative Hypothesis
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Despite the importance of and need for education, many low-income countries still give it less attention and lack appropriate policies to promote educational investment. Studies are very scarce on efficiency of education investment in Nigeria. What could perhaps be regarded as the pioneer study in this area is the work of Psacharopolous (1985), which uses data obtained from a 1966 survey to estimate both social and private returns for primary, secondary and higher education using the full method analysis. Briggs (1973), also uses cost-benefit analysis to consider the investment in secondary education while Aromolaran (2002) calculates the private wage return to school using human capital approach, his finding shows a lower percentage for both primary and secondary compared with higher level of education.
This study intends to improve on previous studies by looking at the role of government expenditure on education in achieving three of its fundamental objectives (1) economic growth and development, (2) human capital development, and (3) literacy. The findings of this study would serve as a yardstick for appraising the policy shift of the government away from educational funding. The findings of this study would be useful to policy-makers, practitioners in the educational sector and other interested individuals and organizations in Nigerian education sector.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
It is being argued that the increased quantity has led to a drop in quality. Besides, the dwindling funding of education by the government has also been identified as a major cause of Poor levels of education in the country
. Therefore, the scope of this study is limited to the evaluation of the efficiency of education expenditure in terms of its fundamental role.
The empirical analysis is being restricted to the period between 1990 and 2010 due to non-availability of needed data. Most of the information and data needed for the study would be gathered from existing literature and from relevant government agencies such as the Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), National Universities Commission (NUC) as well as international organizations such as United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
(i) School Enrolment: This is the rate at which students are admitted into primary schools, secondary schools or tertiary institutions.
(ii) Human Capital: This can be defined as the stock of capital embodied in people. It is the investment that human beings make in themselves to improve their quality.
(iii) Labour Force: This is the total number of people whose age falls within the working age whether they are employed or not. This is also known as the working population.
(iv) Economic Development: Generally defined as the improvement in material welfare (poor) eradication of illiteracy, diseases and early death, changes in the composition of inputs and outputs that generally includes shifts in the underlying structure of production away from agriculture towards industrial activities. Thus, the concept of economic development implies the entire transformation of the economy, from an undesirable state, to a desirable state.
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HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
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(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
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CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
Tags: EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AND IMPACT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OWAN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AND IMPACT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OWAN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of Problems 3
1.3 Objective of the Study 4
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Hypothesis 5
1.6 Significance of the Study 6
1.7 Scope of the Study 8
1.8 Definition of Terms
9
CHAPTER TWO
Review of Related Literature 12
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology and Research Design 28
3.1 Research Design 28
3.2 Area of Study 29
3.3 Population of the Study 29
3.4 Sample & Sampling Procedure/Technique 29
3.5 Instrument of Data Collection 30
3.6 Method of Data Collection 32
3.7 Method of Data Analysis 33
References 34
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Presentation and Analysis 35
CHAPTER FIVE
Findings, Conclusion & Recommendations 48
5.1 Findings 48
OF EDUCATION EXPENDITURE IN ANIGERIA (199AA
PROJECT PROPOSAA
ABSTRACT:
This research is on the evaluation of government expenditureon education and impact in public secondary schools in Owan East local government area.
The first chapter dealt on the background of the concept. It went further to state the problems of the research. It stated the objective of the study. The instrument of the research was based on primary sources
The second chapter dealt on the literature review
The research ends with findings after the data analysis, recommendations, summary and conclusion
PROJECT TOPIC:
EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITUREON EDUCATION AND IMPACT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OWAN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In Nigeria today today, formal education is in a state of crisis. While curricular reform continues to serve as an ongoing source of public policy debate, Nigerian leaders are confronting increasing difficulty in allocating educational resources to meet present and future levels of demand. The paralysis that has been unfolding is one characterized basically by education’s rising claim on public sector resources against a backdrop of widespread poor economic growth, mounting international debt, and rapidly growing populations whose demand for education can not be met readily by traditional means. There has been a positive relationship between per capita GDP and education’s share of GDP. Wide disparities suggest that since education must compete against other claims for investment resources, how efficiently education is delivered may be as important as the level of resources. Within this context, we ask what options are available to respond to Nigeria’s growing educational demand, how can they be managed, and what role can these options play in promoting accelerated economic growth and development?
Education is both a private and social investment that is shared by individual students, their families, employers, government and other groups including international agencies. The sharing arrangement varies considerably from country to country both in the proportion of public and private funds allocated to education and in the mechanism by which the cost of education is funded. It thus yields direct and indirect benefits both to individuals and to the society. The most obvious direct benefit of education to individuals is higher lifetime earning and for the society; is higher productivity of educated workers and the additional contribution to national income over their entire working lives (Psacharopoulos, 1994).
A major controversy among analysts and policy makers concerns the objectives of educational development. Some have suggested that education should be provided for its own sake, as a means of enriching individuals knowledge and developing their full personality. This concept of education has continually influenced policies in some advanced countries of the world. Others hold that education should seek to prepare people to perform functions that are essential for the transformation of their environment.
The two points of view can be considered in terms of regarding education as a consumer good or as a capital good. The notion of education as a capital good is rooted in the concept of human capital, which attaches high premium to human skills as a factor of production in the development process. A corollary of this is that human skill or productivity is just as important input in the process of development as finance, natural wealth and physical plant. Because education plays a most important role in the creation and improvement of human capital, its relevance and importance to economic growth and development are now well recognized in development planning. Experiences of developing countries during the past decades have indicated that shortage of talents and skills needed for development can decisively retard economic progress.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The rapid expansion of education system over the last three decades, compounded by the more recent global economic crisis and fiscal stringency due to over dependent on oil has left both the lower and higher education institutions in Nigeria short of funds for their operations in relation to the demand imposed on them.
The idea that education is a form of investment in human capital is one of the most important developments in economics in recent decades and it has had considerable impact on educational planning both in developed and developing countries. For both governments and individuals, the choice between different ways of investing resources rests to a large extent on an evaluation of the costs and benefits associated with the investments.
In Nigeria, the decline in the quality of education at all levels has become a fact of national life. Indeed, the most significant event in the sector in the recent past has been the continuing crisis besetting the educational system. This crisis is rooted in the deteriorating conditions within the citadels of learning, in respect to teaching facilities and other infrastructural facilities, the welfare of those engaged in the teaching profession and the ever increasing cost of education. This has culminated in student unrest and industrial actions by lecturers and teachers through their respective umbrella associations such as Academic Staff of Nigerian universities (ASUU), Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT) etc at the different levels of the educational system.
Owing to the failure of the state and local government to fund primary and secondary education appropriately, the Federal Government moved to take over the affairs of these tiers of the system at the expense of the higher education. Due to this shift in the government policy, the crisis in the Nigerian educational system, and their fundamental causes i.e the gross under funding of the institutions, poor conditions of service for teachers among other issues have continued unabated. The study seeks to evaluate the efficiency of government expenditure on the educational sector in terms of its impact on Public secondary schools in owan local government area.
.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The broad objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of education expenditure, identifying the various alternative policy options available with a view to offer the best policy recommendation. Specifically, the study intends to:
(1) determine the relationship between education expenditure and economic growth.
(2) investigate the impact of education expenditure on Public secondary schools in owan local government area
(3) assess the effect of education expenditure on the level of literacy.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In an attempt to achieve the stated objectives, the study addresses the following research questions:
1. What is the relationship between education expenditure and growth of Public secondary schools in owan local government area
of Nigeria?
2. Does expenditure education contribute to human capital development in Nigeria?
3. Does government expenditure on education impacts on the level of literacy in Nigeria?
RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
The hypotheses testing focus on the following research hypotheses:
Hypothesis I
H0: There is no significant positive relationship between education expenditure and growth of Public secondary schools in owan local government area
of Nigeria.
H1: There is significant positive relationship between education expenditure and educational
growth of Nigeria.
Hypothesis II
H0: There is no significant positive relationship between education expenditure and Human Development in Nigeria.
H1: There is significant positive relationship between education expenditure and Human Development in Nigeria.
Hypothesis III
H0: There is no significant positive relationship between education expenditure and literacy rate in Nigeria.
H1: There is significant positive relationship between education expenditure and literacy rate in Nigeria.
Where H0 = Hull Hypothesis and Ha = Alternative Hypothesis
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Despite the importance of and need for education, many low-income countries still give it less attention and lack appropriate policies to promote educational investment. Studies are very scarce on efficiency of education investment in Nigeria. What could perhaps be regarded as the pioneer study in this area is the work of Psacharopolous (1985), which uses data obtained from a 1966 survey to estimate both social and private returns for primary, secondary and higher education using the full method analysis. Briggs (1973), also uses cost-benefit analysis to consider the investment in secondary education while Aromolaran (2002) calculates the private wage return to school using human capital approach, his finding shows a lower percentage for both primary and secondary compared with higher level of education.
This study intends to improve on previous studies by looking at the role of government expenditure on education in achieving three of its fundamental objectives (1) economic growth and development, (2) human capital development, and (3) literacy. The findings of this study would serve as a yardstick for appraising the policy shift of the government away from educational funding. The findings of this study would be useful to policy-makers, practitioners in the educational sector and other interested individuals and organizations in Nigerian education sector.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
It is being argued that the increased quantity has led to a drop in quality. Besides, the dwindling funding of education by the government has also been identified as a major cause of Poor levels of education in the country
. Therefore, the scope of this study is limited to the evaluation of the efficiency of education expenditure in terms of its fundamental role.
The empirical analysis is being restricted to the period between 1990 and 2010 due to non-availability of needed data. Most of the information and data needed for the study would be gathered from existing literature and from relevant government agencies such as the Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), National Universities Commission (NUC) as well as international organizations such as United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
(i) School Enrolment: This is the rate at which students are admitted into primary schools, secondary schools or tertiary institutions.
(ii) Human Capital: This can be defined as the stock of capital embodied in people. It is the investment that human beings make in themselves to improve their quality.
(iii) Labour Force: This is the total number of people whose age falls within the working age whether they are employed or not. This is also known as the working population.
(iv) Economic Development: Generally defined as the improvement in material welfare (poor) eradication of illiteracy, diseases and early death, changes in the composition of inputs and outputs that generally includes shifts in the underlying structure of production away from agriculture towards industrial activities. Thus, the concept of economic development implies the entire transformation of the economy, from an undesirable state, to a desirable state.
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to 08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
Tags: EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AND IMPACT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OWAN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
