CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
Small and medium enterprise (SMEs) are considered backbone of economic growth in all countries (Rajesh, Surash and Deshmukh, 2008). Small and medium enterprises play an important role in Nigeria’s economic growth, as they constitute 97.2% of the companies in Nigeria (Ministry of Trade and Investment, 2011). It is unfortunate that SMEs performances have fallen short of expectations in Nigeria (Osotimehin, 2012). The country is still characterised with alarming unemployment rate of 19.7% in 2010 (CIA, 2010), as well as, high level of poverty for more than half of the population still live below the poverty line (Abu and Abdullah, 2010). This shows that Small and Medium- Scale Enterprises are not very effective in this part of the world. Most SMEs die shortly after their establishment and few that survive die following the ageing or physical incapacitation or death of their owners. The failure rate of small business stands around 50 percent in Africa (Adelakun, 2008; Ebiringa, 2011). Huyghebaert and Gucht (2004) have noted that 50% of new entrepreneurial ventures disappear within the first five years after their establishment in USA and probably that of Nigeria is higher. It should be noted that most business failures result in heavy personal loss for the entrepreneur (Bannock, 1980; Watson, 2003). The country also count losses; the loss in taxation and the business contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) as well as employment, add up to very huge losses for the country as a whole. is limited especially by market constraints. In addition to the SMEs internal limitations such as limited capital, old and poorly maintained equipment, outdated technology, lack of management skills, lack of financing resources and inexperience in the utilization of financial management practices are currently the most serious issues. Financial management plays an important role and has a large area in every activity of SMEs. Obviously, a reasonable and logical financial management practice will assist SMEs increase profitability and therefore will aid them to pass the obstacles. Financial management often led business enterprises to serious problems. According to Kwame (2010), careless financial management practices are the main cause of failure for business enterprises in Nigeria. Regardless of whether an owner manager or hired manager, if the financial decisions are wrong, profitability of the company will be adversely affected. Consequently, a business organization’s profitability could be damaged because of inefficient financial management practices. Business Enterprises’ have often failed due to the lack of knowledge of efficient financial management practices. Moreover, the uncertainty of the business environment causes business Enterprises to rely excessively on equity and maintain high liquidity and these financial characteristics affect profitability. Financial management in SMEs is noticed by many researchers. However, in many previous studies about financial management still have some limitations and more so little or no research work has been carried on financial management practices of SMEs especially in a developing country like Nigeria. It is said that, profitability is one of the most concerned goal of enterprise owners, therefore studying about relations between financial management and profitability in SMEs will have more belief in the effectiveness of financial management and to be more helpful in understanding the financial management of SMEs
1.2 Statement of the problem
Most previous researchers have concentrated on examining, investigating and describing the behavior of business enterprises in practicing financial management. Their findings are mainly related to exploring and describing the behavior of business Enterprises’ towards financial management practices. Also previous research studies came from the developed economic such as the United States of America. There seems to be a lack of evidence from less developed countries like Nigeria. Second, most previous researchers focus on investigating and describing financial management practices. There has been little research examining the effect of financial management practices on profitability (McMahon, et al, 1993).
This lack of empirical evidence from less developed economies like Nigeria and the lack of examination of the effect of financial management practices on profitability are major gaps that needs to be examined. Based on previous research findings and recognition of these gaps, a study of the effect of financial management practice on profitability should be developed and tested by using empirical data from less developed economies (Kieu, 2004). The case of Nigeria is very serious. Most Business Enterprises have not appointed financial managers to be in charge of financial management of the company. Usually, the owners or general managers with the assistance of the accountant control financial matters of the company. On the other hand, most owners or managers have no formal training in management skills, especially financial management Hence, the effect of financial management practices on the profitability of SMEs is still one of the major challenges
1.3 Objectives of the study
The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of financial management practices on the profitability of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Kwara state, Nigeria. Other specific objectives include:
i. To determine the effect of financial reporting and analysis on the profitability of small and medium scale enterprises.
ii. To determine the impact of working capital management on the profitability of small and medium scale enterprises
iii. To determine the effect of accounting information system on the profitability of small and medium scale enterprises.
1.4 Research questions
i. What is the effect of financial reporting and analysis on profitability of small and medium scale enterprises?
ii. What is the impact of working capital management on profitability of small and medium scale enterprises?
iii. What is the effect of accounting information system on the profitability of small and medium scale enterprises?
1.5 Hypotheses of the study
The following hypothesis stated in null form would be tested in this research work:
H01: financial reporting and analysis do not have effect on profitability of SMEs
H02: working capital management do not have impact on profitability of SMEs
H03: Accounting information system do not have effect on profitability of SMEs
1.6 Justification of the study
In terms of financial management practices, most previous researchers have focused on examining, investigating and describing the behaviour of SMEs in practising financial management. The specific areas of financial management practices including financial reporting and analysis, working capital management, fixed asset management and capital structure management have long attracted the attention of researchers (McMahon, et al. 1993).
Their findings are mainly related to exploring and describing the behaviour of SMEs towards financial management practices. Although they provided such descriptive statistical data and empirical evidence on SME financial management practices, it appears that there still are some gaps in the literature, which need to be addressed.
Firstly, most empirical evidence comes from the developed economies such as the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), Canada and Australia (McMahon et al. 1993). There seems to be a lack of evidence from emerging economies, especially from transiting economies such as Nigeria
Secondly, most previous researchers focus on investigating and describing financial management practices whereas there has been little research examining the impact of financial management practices on the profitability of Smes (McMahon et al. 1993).
These are major gaps and it is difficult to convince business financial management practitioners of the need for changes in practices until evidence of the effects of financial management practices on the profitability of SME is provided and the relationship between the two variables are discovered. Based on previous research findings and recognition of these gaps, a study of the impact of financial management on SME profitability is justified and a model of the impacts of financial management practices and its effect on profitability should be developed and tested by using the empirical data from emerging economies However, such studies in Nigeria are scanty and more over, literature available in developed nations see (MacMahon, 1998, Nguyen, 2001, Peel et al., 1996) looked at individual constructs of financial management majorly like working capital management. Moreover, the present study looks at a multiplicative effect of various constructs of financial management on business performance of SMEs such as financial report and analysis and accounting information system. Therefore, this study is important not because it fills the gap, but also it sets out to address this gap knowledge.
1.7 Scope of the study
This study will be conducted by sampling the opinion of respondents from some selected small and medium scale enterprises in Ilorin, Kwara state. The small and medium scale enterprises selected will be based on random sampling. The period covered would be from July 2014 to December 2014. For the purpose of this study, the financial management practices that would be examined are: financial reporting and analysis, accounting information system and working capital management.
1.8 Plan of the study
The report of this study will be organized into five (5) different chapters. Chapter one will deal with the introduction of the study; Chapter two will discuss the Review of relevant literature to the study; Chapter three will focus on the research methodology to be adopted; Chapter four of the study will be dedicated to the Presentation and analysis of data; and finally, Chapter five presenting the summary, conclusion, and recommendations.
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Tags: ROLE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND ITS PROFITABILITY IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In as much as the world is gradually moving from a 20th century technology to a 21st century technology, the more there is need for adequate supply of funds to acquaint to the growing and ever needing population. Looking at time in memorial one could discover the permanent stay of large production firm as well as enterprises due to their stable availability to capital and hence due to their large economies of scale they could only keep some few employees whom could serve a lot of time in the production sector hence definitely becamemonopolistic. In recent years with the evolution of microfinance and small and medium size enterprises there has been some changes which this study will enlighten the minds of the scholars who are interested in the development of Cameroon to attain the 2035 vision of an emergent economy. Microfinance is not a new concept. It is dates back in the 19th century when money lenders were informally performing the role of now formal financial institutions. The informal financial institutions constitute; village banks, cooperative credit unions, state owned banks, and social venture capital funds
to help the poor. These institutions are those that provide savings and credit
services for small and medium size enterprises. They mobilize rural savings, deposits and agricultural fares so as to encourage these entrepreneurs and have simple and straight forward procedures that originate from local cultures and are easily understood by the population (Germidis et al., 1991). These funds are to finance the informal sector SMEsand it known that these SMEs are more likely to fail (Maloney, 2003). The creation of SMEs generates employment but these enterprises cannot survive for long if they do not have access to enough capital consequently they are bound to die after a short while causing those who gained job positions to lose them and even go poorer than how they were when they do not have adequatesupport from government and financial institutions.
It is not until recent that microfinance had gained recognition thanks to the noble prize winner Yunus Muhammad of the Grameen Bank together with his development to then banking welfare to the Indian women who could not get access to capital from the traditional principle of financial collateral which they could not affordMohammadYunus, 2003. Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle against World Poverty. Alan Jolis, New York)
It should be noted that microfinance is not a panacea but it is a main tool that foster development in developing countries.It is known worldwide (E.U 2011,
google.com) that the poor cannot borrow from the banks. Banks do not lend to
them because they do not have what is required to be granted a loan or to be provided with the bank services. The lack of financial power is a contributing factor to most of the societal problems. These problems emanate from poverty and it is known that with poverty one is bound to suffer so many consequences ranging from lack of good health care system, education, nutrition, Microfinance has proved this bank concept to be wrong. They target the poor who are considered risky but the repayment rate turns to be positive as compared with the regular commercial banks (Zeller and Sharma, 1998).
Researchers have viewed microfinance in different dimensions. Microfinance gives people new opportunities by helping them to get and secure finances so as to equalize the chances and make them responsible for their own future. It broadens the horizons and thus plays both economic and social roles by improving the living conditions of the people. These improvements are in a nutshell to alleviate poverty, and according to this project, it will be seen from the point of the development of small and medium size enterprises SMEs and focusing mostly in the rural areas
The UN millennium goal to alleviate poverty by the year 2015 is far from fetch despite the enormous works that microfinance institutions are doing to contribute in this domain (HiderinkandKok, 2009). The main challenge facing the poor is to
gain financial power to enable them boost their income generating activities (Yunus, 2003).
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The research problem is based on the welfare of small and medium size enterprises in their varioussectors of activities. This resource base should provide a platform for the development of rural SMEs, and contribute to the country’s fightagainstpoverty. Business development, however, requires more than natural resources, and it is not clear what challenges and opportunities in development rural SMEs are facing in Cameroon.
DoesMicrofinance assistance have an absolute condition in the development of small and medium size enterprises?
This study will investigate the underlying issues small enterprises in rural areas are facing in their development. Particular attention will be given to the issue of financing firm development, where one of the biggest microfinance institutions in Cameroon by name Azire Cooperative Credit Union Ltd (AziCCUL). Whom from the 1960’s have been carrying out a serious campaign against poverty by the provision of financial, moral and developmental support to the growth of SME’s.
These specific questions shall guide us into the research
a) What markets are available for the small and medium size enterprises?
b) Is there sufficient access to technology and labour resources?
c) Do firms have access to financial capital to fund development by MFI under the normal regulatory condition?
d) 1.3 Objectives of Research
This study is intended to investigate the problems and opportunities that small businesses face in their development efforts, with a particular interest in the role that microfinance institutions may be playing. In addition to gaining a more general understanding of the challenges facing developing small firms, the study will identify how MFIs are contributing to the development of small businesses and small businesses succeed or fail in their efforts to acquire financing for their development. This study is focus on the resource needs of developing rural small and medium size firms, and how microfinance may be contributing to small firms’ development, and thus the sustainable development of rural agricultural, and manufacturing infrastructure in Cameroon. The specific objectives are:
I. To investigate the extent in which AZICCUL helps its members in developing their small or medium size businesses.
II. If these services provided by AZICCUL are helpful to those who receive it.
III. If any other institution provided more better services than MFI’s
HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis is going to further explain the idea behind the study which is definitely a defense why the research is out to produce a particular result hence proving the reasons for the research. This is justified as seen below;
H0: Small and Medium Size Enterprises receive absolute assistance from microfinance institutions
H1: Small and Medium Size Enterprises do not receive absolute assistanceS support from microfinance institutions
Significance/Justification of Study
In trying to justify why the current study is important, it is vital to mention that researchers have found this area of study very important to the development of the socio-economic activities in developing countries and their contributions to the development of small and medium size businesses in. Extensive research has been carried out on the role of the financial management aspects. Thisresearch will therefore focus on AZICCUL which has not been exploited in terms of its contributions to the development of small and medium size businesses and particularly in the agricultural domain. A study of this nature is equally very
important because it is going to add more scientific facts on the microfinance plays in the society.
Microfinance as a whole provides the rural population a means to have access to financial services in their localities to boost their living standards in a sustainable manner in line with the millennium development goals of alleviating poverty in developing countries by2035. They can contribute in the fight against poverty by improving the agricultural sector which is the main source of living to the inhabitants of such developing nations as well as the secondary and tertiary sector. Thus it will pave a way forward for potential investors to invest and a sustainable development of SMEs to understand the difficulties they may come across and how they can succeed in their endeavors.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
AZICCUL is a credit union with six branches in Cameroon (Bamenda, Yaoundé and Douala) with its main objective of providing financial services to the poor which cannot be done by macro financial institutions and as such helping in poverty alleviation and alleviating poverty. To cover the regions in the country will be impossible because of the limited time frameof this research. For this reason, the research will be limited to activities in the North West of Cameroon and south west region due to the possibility of my accessibility
. The impact of microfinance to the development of SMEs in this area will be analyzed, looking at its contributions, and in what form, and of course the response of entrepreneurs to the contributions of this institution to them. As well as a comparison between the before and after effect of the union on the business.
1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY
Chapter two comprises of theoretical perspective of the research; it talks about the Literature Review Empirical Literature. It is followed by Chapter Three which discusses the Method of Research and Data Collection. Chapter four which analyses the result collected from our study and interpretation. Finally chapter five summarizes the research, Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#10000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: THE ROLE OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN THE GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In as much as the world is gradually moving from a 20th century technology to a 21st century technology, the more there is need for adequate supply of funds to acquaint to the growing and ever needing population. Looking at time in memorial one could discover the permanent stay of large production firm as well as enterprises due to their stable availability to capital and hence due to their large economies of scale they could only keep some few employees whom could serve a lot of time in the production sector hence definitely becamemonopolistic. In recent years with the evolution of microfinance and small and medium size enterprises there has been some changes which this study will enlighten the minds of the scholars who are interested in the development of Cameroon to attain the 2035 vision of an emergent economy. Microfinance is not a new concept. It is dates back in the 19th century when money lenders were informally performing the role of now formal financial institutions. The informal financial institutions constitute; village banks, cooperative credit unions, state owned banks, and social venture capital funds
to help the poor. These institutions are those that provide savings and credit
services for small and medium size enterprises. They mobilize rural savings, deposits and agricultural fares so as to encourage these entrepreneurs and have simple and straight forward procedures that originate from local cultures and are easily understood by the population (Germidis et al., 1991). These funds are to finance the informal sector SMEsand it known that these SMEs are more likely to fail (Maloney, 2003). The creation of SMEs generates employment but these enterprises cannot survive for long if they do not have access to enough capital consequently they are bound to die after a short while causing those who gained job positions to lose them and even go poorer than how they were when they do not have adequatesupport from government and financial institutions.
It is not until recent that microfinance had gained recognition thanks to the noble prize winner Yunus Muhammad of the Grameen Bank together with his development to then banking welfare to the Indian women who could not get access to capital from the traditional principle of financial collateral which they could not affordMohammadYunus, 2003. Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle against World Poverty. Alan Jolis, New York)
It should be noted that microfinance is not a panacea but it is a main tool that foster development in developing countries.It is known worldwide (E.U 2011,
google.com) that the poor cannot borrow from the banks. Banks do not lend to
them because they do not have what is required to be granted a loan or to be provided with the bank services. The lack of financial power is a contributing factor to most of the societal problems. These problems emanate from poverty and it is known that with poverty one is bound to suffer so many consequences ranging from lack of good health care system, education, nutrition, Microfinance has proved this bank concept to be wrong. They target the poor who are considered risky but the repayment rate turns to be positive as compared with the regular commercial banks (Zeller and Sharma, 1998).
Researchers have viewed microfinance in different dimensions. Microfinance gives people new opportunities by helping them to get and secure finances so as to equalize the chances and make them responsible for their own future. It broadens the horizons and thus plays both economic and social roles by improving the living conditions of the people. These improvements are in a nutshell to alleviate poverty, and according to this project, it will be seen from the point of the development of small and medium size enterprises SMEs and focusing mostly in the rural areas
The UN millennium goal to alleviate poverty by the year 2015 is far from fetch despite the enormous works that microfinance institutions are doing to contribute in this domain (HiderinkandKok, 2009). The main challenge facing the poor is to
gain financial power to enable them boost their income generating activities (Yunus, 2003).
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The research problem is based on the welfare of small and medium size enterprises in their varioussectors of activities. This resource base should provide a platform for the development of rural SMEs, and contribute to the country’s fightagainstpoverty. Business development, however, requires more than natural resources, and it is not clear what challenges and opportunities in development rural SMEs are facing in Cameroon.
DoesMicrofinance assistance have an absolute condition in the development of small and medium size enterprises?
This study will investigate the underlying issues small enterprises in rural areas are facing in their development. Particular attention will be given to the issue of financing firm development, where one of the biggest microfinance institutions in Cameroon by name Azire Cooperative Credit Union Ltd (AziCCUL). Whom from the 1960’s have been carrying out a serious campaign against poverty by the provision of financial, moral and developmental support to the growth of SME’s.
These specific questions shall guide us into the research
a) What markets are available for the small and medium size enterprises?
b) Is there sufficient access to technology and labour resources?
c) Do firms have access to financial capital to fund development by MFI under the normal regulatory condition?
d) 1.3 Objectives of Research
This study is intended to investigate the problems and opportunities that small businesses face in their development efforts, with a particular interest in the role that microfinance institutions may be playing. In addition to gaining a more general understanding of the challenges facing developing small firms, the study will identify how MFIs are contributing to the development of small businesses and small businesses succeed or fail in their efforts to acquire financing for their development. This study is focus on the resource needs of developing rural small and medium size firms, and how microfinance may be contributing to small firms’ development, and thus the sustainable development of rural agricultural, and manufacturing infrastructure in Cameroon. The specific objectives are:
I. To investigate the extent in which AZICCUL helps its members in developing their small or medium size businesses.
II. If these services provided by AZICCUL are helpful to those who receive it.
III. If any other institution provided more better services than MFI’s
HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis is going to further explain the idea behind the study which is definitely a defense why the research is out to produce a particular result hence proving the reasons for the research. This is justified as seen below;
H0: Small and Medium Size Enterprises receive absolute assistance from microfinance institutions
H1: Small and Medium Size Enterprises do not receive absolute assistanceS support from microfinance institutions
Significance/Justification of Study
In trying to justify why the current study is important, it is vital to mention that researchers have found this area of study very important to the development of the socio-economic activities in developing countries and their contributions to the development of small and medium size businesses in. Extensive research has been carried out on the role of the financial management aspects. Thisresearch will therefore focus on AZICCUL which has not been exploited in terms of its contributions to the development of small and medium size businesses and particularly in the agricultural domain. A study of this nature is equally very
important because it is going to add more scientific facts on the microfinance plays in the society.
Microfinance as a whole provides the rural population a means to have access to financial services in their localities to boost their living standards in a sustainable manner in line with the millennium development goals of alleviating poverty in developing countries by2035. They can contribute in the fight against poverty by improving the agricultural sector which is the main source of living to the inhabitants of such developing nations as well as the secondary and tertiary sector. Thus it will pave a way forward for potential investors to invest and a sustainable development of SMEs to understand the difficulties they may come across and how they can succeed in their endeavors.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
AZICCUL is a credit union with six branches in Cameroon (Bamenda, Yaoundé and Douala) with its main objective of providing financial services to the poor which cannot be done by macro financial institutions and as such helping in poverty alleviation and alleviating poverty. To cover the regions in the country will be impossible because of the limited time frameof this research. For this reason, the research will be limited to activities in the North West of Cameroon and south west region due to the possibility of my accessibility
. The impact of microfinance to the development of SMEs in this area will be analyzed, looking at its contributions, and in what form, and of course the response of entrepreneurs to the contributions of this institution to them. As well as a comparison between the before and after effect of the union on the business.
1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY
Chapter two comprises of theoretical perspective of the research; it talks about the Literature Review Empirical Literature. It is followed by Chapter Three which discusses the Method of Research and Data Collection. Chapter four which analyses the result collected from our study and interpretation. Finally chapter five summarizes the research, Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: THE ROLE OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN THE GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Dedication
Approval page
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 History background of the case study
1.3 Statement of the problem
1.4 Objective of the study
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Formulation of hypothesis
1.7 The scope of the study
1.8 Limitations of the study
1.9 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Meaning and history of entrepreneurship development in Nigeria
2.2 History of entrepreneurship development in Nigeria
2.3 Meaning and functions of an entrepreneur
2.4 Functions of an entrepreneur
2.5 Activities of the Nigeria Association of Small-scale Industrialists (NASSI) in the development of entrepreneurship
2.6 Problem of NASSI in the discharge of entrepreneurship development in Enugu
2.7 Comments
2.8 Reference
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Method of data collection
3.2 Population of the study
3.3 Sample and sample techniques
3.4 Research instruments
3.5 Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Test of hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE:
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Discussion of findings
5.2 Summary and conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
5.4 Suggestion for further studies
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTOPN
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The need to incorporate in our system the need to be technologically self-reliant cannot be over-emphasized. The first step is to develop our human and natural resources, thus increasing our per capital income. In the past even years, or more, especially during the administration of Ibrahim Babangida, Nigeria has constantly pursued an economic policy that is geared towards self-reliance for the individual as show by such programmes as the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) which is a graduate assistance scheme aimed at helping young school leavers to acquire necessary skills and funds that will help them to start their own business, other programmes with such mission include the people bank, Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP) and Nigerian Association of Small-scale Industrialists (NASSI).
The entrepreneur and his activities forms an integral part in the development of our economy. At this point, it becomes pertinent to define who is an entrepreneur and why we are having an insight into his plight to actualize the aims and objectives of its existence.
Nwana, L.E. (1995:32) defined an entrepreneur as an individual who is willing and able to take business risks for gainful purpose”.
Despite the aspirations of many, only a few people in this country and indeed Enugu our place of concentration has carried out their intention of having business established by them. Studies have been shown that 90% of these who seriously decided to incorporate a company five or more years ago have not yet done so. In Enugu state our emphasis will concentrate on the Nigerian Association of Small-Scale Industrialists (NASSI) Enugu State chapter, formed in 1978 owing to the creation of Enugu State in 1991, the Enugu office was established, to represent the organized small-scale industrialists in the state, thus tries to uplift the status of this sector.
The NASSI has its chapter in all the seventeen (17) local government areas of the state aimed at inculcating into our society, the spirit of owing and controlling business at the grass root level, to facilitate the much desired self-reliance on our locally made goods and services, self-reliance on the national economy as show in the policies of banning the importation of certain goods into this country, the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) which among other things aims at sourcing of our own raw materials for the industries locally, though many see it as backward integration the maintenance culture is also part of our attempts so self-reliance.
Based on the indeginisation policy that brought into existence, the Nigerian Enterprise promotion decree of 1972, which aims at encouraging and giving Nigerians the skill and knowledge to own and control their own business. Although all the aims and objectives of this dream has not come to fruition, since about 75% of Nigerians and indeed in Enugu has not realized their dream of owning and controlling a business of their choice (Igboeli J. 1995).
1.2 HISTORY BACKGROUND OF CASE STUDY
The Nigerian Association of Small-Scale Industrialists (NASSI) was found in 1978 by the Federal Military Government of Nigeria through the Centre for Management Development (CMD) to represent the organized small-scale industrialists in the country and thus uplift the status of the industrial sector.
In 1979, the Anambra State chapter was constituted, owing to the creation of Enugu State out of former Anambra State the Enugu State Chapter came into being in 1991. this association has its office situated at 30 Zik Avenue, Enugu to oversee the affairs of the members in Enugu State. The Nigerian Association of small-scale industrialists has chapters in all the 17 local governments of Enugu State. The person at the helm of affairs at the state level is called the state chairman while local government chapters are manned by local government coordinators.
NASSI is on the vanguard of Industry Development to enlighten from the grassroots, entrepreneurs and to articulate them for gainful purpose. It also collaborates with foreign bodies to formulate business plan for members.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The statement of this research work include the following:
1. How developed is the Enugu Entrepreneur, even at the emergence of NASSI?
2. With what government has done so far through NASSI, has it been able to carry-along these entrepreneur. As regards, manpower development, financial and technical aids.
3. If develop, to what extend has this development been able to put the Enugu entrepreneur in track of self-reliance?
4. Will the shortcomings be ascribed to the government and non-government agencies that support them or to the entrepreneurs themselves?
5. In such a depressed economy how is the entrepreneur surviving.
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The need to develop entrepreneurship in the Nigerian economy cannot be over-emphasized, because there in lies our hope of National growth. The objective of this research includes the following.
1. To critically analyse the activities of entrepreneurs in Enugu, in relation to the overall objective of government programmes and policies.
2. To know how the efforts of government to develop entrepreneurship is progressing.
3. To identify the problems that has been militating against the development of entrepreneurship in Enugu and Prefer solutions.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
In such a depressed economy like ours, the need to rush paid jobs with or without personal initiatives is setting ourselves in a wrong direction. Hence all governmental efforts to provide loans and incentives to persons who are willing to own and control business.
It is also in record that this present administration even though military has a clear idea of what it will take into put Nigeria on her road to both political stability and economic growth. Obviously, this administration has steadfastly created good economic and social environment for real economic growth for all. This is born out of recent experience of European and American business at large number to discuss business with our private and public agencies. Also creditors are either canceling our debts or converting them into long term loans with these favourable conditions in mind, economic theories of development suggest that a rapid growth would occur if the available resources (human and material) are completely and judiciously explored and utilized for the production and distribution of goods and services, since our is a free economy, this assignments is passed unto Nigerian Entrepreneurs to truly bring the dreams to fruition.
Therefore this study is aimed at bringing to focus this objective and then access the steps so far and what could be done to improve the system. If by giving the job to governmental and non-governmental agencies participation in private sector to an organization will not be of advantage we can deal directly with the recipients. All the funds giving out through NDE, SAP, NERFUND etc were seen by many recipients as their own part of “National cake”, therefore we shall strife hard to see if we can bring in sanity in the system by giving other organizations like NASSI the chance to directly deal with the entrepreneurs or any other organization to be formed. Apart from poor fund disbursement pattern, to help seek ways to connect the Enugu entrepreneur with other business contacts with the outside world.
This research work is poised towards identifying the activities of the entrepreneur in pursuing the much-desired economic and social self-reliance. The work will be of great help to student of business management scholars, also the entrepreneurs themselves will learn more and thus make a right step in the right direction by first approaching their businesses with the overall view of being self-reliant.
Secondly, to appreciate the financial aids giving to them as loan to be repaid and not relief packages and finally for the government to bring in their presence in Enugu metropolis by establishing agencies that will be pragmatic in dealing with the entrepreneurs as well as improving the social amenities in the city, like good road network, good sanitary conditions and dull supply of power which forms an integral part in the production of good and services.
1.6 Formulation of hypothesis
1. Ho: Rate of illiteracy has narrowed the scope of the Enugu
entrepreneur.
Ho: Rate of illiteracy has not narrowed the scope of the Enugu
entrepreneur.
2. Ho: Funds are misdirected thus going it to those who many not utilize
it well.
Hi: Funds are not misdirected thus going it to those who many not utilize it well.
3. Government presence in the city has brought poor assimilation of
NASSI policies on business.
4. Ho: Lack of funds has hampered the expansion of the entrepreneurs.
Hi: Lack of funds has not hampered the expansion of the
entrepreneurs.
1.7 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this work is just an insight into the activities of the young ideal manager or who may be called an entrepreneur in Enugu. The angle the research is bringing in this entrepreneur is from the activities of the Nigerian Association of the Small-Scale industrialist (NASSI) Enugu State Chapter, Enugu Office. The entrepreneurs we are going to discuss here is only the small-scale industrialist. The office of the NASSI in Enugu has been visited and five more industries involved in small-scale production were visited as well.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The researcher was unable to get the required information from the chairman of NASSI, thus speaking with the secretary though the right data was collected.
The time lag was too short to conduct more researches on this topic hence the asocial does not have any library for academic research work. Thirdly funds were problems as a result much were not done on his study.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Depressed economy
This is an economy where mostly economic and social activities are made to be less active, or sad without enthusiasm.
2. Scholar
A scholar is a person who studies an academic subject and knows a lot about it.
3. Poised
These means when an individual is ready or set to take action or strike something any moment in time.
4. Pragmatic
This is a way of dealing with something or problems in a practical way rather than using theoretical or abstract principles.
5. Metropolis
A metropolis is very large city that contains is very large number of people.
6. Time Lag
This is an interval of time between one event and another related event that happens after it.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#10000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: THE NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Dedication
Approval page
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 History background of the case study
1.3 Statement of the problem
1.4 Objective of the study
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Formulation of hypothesis
1.7 The scope of the study
1.8 Limitations of the study
1.9 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Meaning and history of entrepreneurship development in Nigeria
2.2 History of entrepreneurship development in Nigeria
2.3 Meaning and functions of an entrepreneur
2.4 Functions of an entrepreneur
2.5 Activities of the Nigeria Association of Small-scale Industrialists (NASSI) in the development of entrepreneurship
2.6 Problem of NASSI in the discharge of entrepreneurship development in Enugu
2.7 Comments
2.8 Reference
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Method of data collection
3.2 Population of the study
3.3 Sample and sample techniques
3.4 Research instruments
3.5 Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Test of hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE:
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Discussion of findings
5.2 Summary and conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
5.4 Suggestion for further studies
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTOPN
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The need to incorporate in our system the need to be technologically self-reliant cannot be over-emphasized. The first step is to develop our human and natural resources, thus increasing our per capital income. In the past even years, or more, especially during the administration of Ibrahim Babangida, Nigeria has constantly pursued an economic policy that is geared towards self-reliance for the individual as show by such programmes as the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) which is a graduate assistance scheme aimed at helping young school leavers to acquire necessary skills and funds that will help them to start their own business, other programmes with such mission include the people bank, Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP) and Nigerian Association of Small-scale Industrialists (NASSI).
The entrepreneur and his activities forms an integral part in the development of our economy. At this point, it becomes pertinent to define who is an entrepreneur and why we are having an insight into his plight to actualize the aims and objectives of its existence.
Nwana, L.E. (1995:32) defined an entrepreneur as an individual who is willing and able to take business risks for gainful purpose”.
Despite the aspirations of many, only a few people in this country and indeed Enugu our place of concentration has carried out their intention of having business established by them. Studies have been shown that 90% of these who seriously decided to incorporate a company five or more years ago have not yet done so. In Enugu state our emphasis will concentrate on the Nigerian Association of Small-Scale Industrialists (NASSI) Enugu State chapter, formed in 1978 owing to the creation of Enugu State in 1991, the Enugu office was established, to represent the organized small-scale industrialists in the state, thus tries to uplift the status of this sector.
The NASSI has its chapter in all the seventeen (17) local government areas of the state aimed at inculcating into our society, the spirit of owing and controlling business at the grass root level, to facilitate the much desired self-reliance on our locally made goods and services, self-reliance on the national economy as show in the policies of banning the importation of certain goods into this country, the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) which among other things aims at sourcing of our own raw materials for the industries locally, though many see it as backward integration the maintenance culture is also part of our attempts so self-reliance.
Based on the indeginisation policy that brought into existence, the Nigerian Enterprise promotion decree of 1972, which aims at encouraging and giving Nigerians the skill and knowledge to own and control their own business. Although all the aims and objectives of this dream has not come to fruition, since about 75% of Nigerians and indeed in Enugu has not realized their dream of owning and controlling a business of their choice (Igboeli J. 1995).
1.2 HISTORY BACKGROUND OF CASE STUDY
The Nigerian Association of Small-Scale Industrialists (NASSI) was found in 1978 by the Federal Military Government of Nigeria through the Centre for Management Development (CMD) to represent the organized small-scale industrialists in the country and thus uplift the status of the industrial sector.
In 1979, the Anambra State chapter was constituted, owing to the creation of Enugu State out of former Anambra State the Enugu State Chapter came into being in 1991. this association has its office situated at 30 Zik Avenue, Enugu to oversee the affairs of the members in Enugu State. The Nigerian Association of small-scale industrialists has chapters in all the 17 local governments of Enugu State. The person at the helm of affairs at the state level is called the state chairman while local government chapters are manned by local government coordinators.
NASSI is on the vanguard of Industry Development to enlighten from the grassroots, entrepreneurs and to articulate them for gainful purpose. It also collaborates with foreign bodies to formulate business plan for members.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The statement of this research work include the following:
1. How developed is the Enugu Entrepreneur, even at the emergence of NASSI?
2. With what government has done so far through NASSI, has it been able to carry-along these entrepreneur. As regards, manpower development, financial and technical aids.
3. If develop, to what extend has this development been able to put the Enugu entrepreneur in track of self-reliance?
4. Will the shortcomings be ascribed to the government and non-government agencies that support them or to the entrepreneurs themselves?
5. In such a depressed economy how is the entrepreneur surviving.
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The need to develop entrepreneurship in the Nigerian economy cannot be over-emphasized, because there in lies our hope of National growth. The objective of this research includes the following.
1. To critically analyse the activities of entrepreneurs in Enugu, in relation to the overall objective of government programmes and policies.
2. To know how the efforts of government to develop entrepreneurship is progressing.
3. To identify the problems that has been militating against the development of entrepreneurship in Enugu and Prefer solutions.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
In such a depressed economy like ours, the need to rush paid jobs with or without personal initiatives is setting ourselves in a wrong direction. Hence all governmental efforts to provide loans and incentives to persons who are willing to own and control business.
It is also in record that this present administration even though military has a clear idea of what it will take into put Nigeria on her road to both political stability and economic growth. Obviously, this administration has steadfastly created good economic and social environment for real economic growth for all. This is born out of recent experience of European and American business at large number to discuss business with our private and public agencies. Also creditors are either canceling our debts or converting them into long term loans with these favourable conditions in mind, economic theories of development suggest that a rapid growth would occur if the available resources (human and material) are completely and judiciously explored and utilized for the production and distribution of goods and services, since our is a free economy, this assignments is passed unto Nigerian Entrepreneurs to truly bring the dreams to fruition.
Therefore this study is aimed at bringing to focus this objective and then access the steps so far and what could be done to improve the system. If by giving the job to governmental and non-governmental agencies participation in private sector to an organization will not be of advantage we can deal directly with the recipients. All the funds giving out through NDE, SAP, NERFUND etc were seen by many recipients as their own part of “National cake”, therefore we shall strife hard to see if we can bring in sanity in the system by giving other organizations like NASSI the chance to directly deal with the entrepreneurs or any other organization to be formed. Apart from poor fund disbursement pattern, to help seek ways to connect the Enugu entrepreneur with other business contacts with the outside world.
This research work is poised towards identifying the activities of the entrepreneur in pursuing the much-desired economic and social self-reliance. The work will be of great help to student of business management scholars, also the entrepreneurs themselves will learn more and thus make a right step in the right direction by first approaching their businesses with the overall view of being self-reliant.
Secondly, to appreciate the financial aids giving to them as loan to be repaid and not relief packages and finally for the government to bring in their presence in Enugu metropolis by establishing agencies that will be pragmatic in dealing with the entrepreneurs as well as improving the social amenities in the city, like good road network, good sanitary conditions and dull supply of power which forms an integral part in the production of good and services.
1.6 Formulation of hypothesis
1. Ho: Rate of illiteracy has narrowed the scope of the Enugu
entrepreneur.
Ho: Rate of illiteracy has not narrowed the scope of the Enugu
entrepreneur.
2. Ho: Funds are misdirected thus going it to those who many not utilize
it well.
Hi: Funds are not misdirected thus going it to those who many not utilize it well.
3. Government presence in the city has brought poor assimilation of
NASSI policies on business.
4. Ho: Lack of funds has hampered the expansion of the entrepreneurs.
Hi: Lack of funds has not hampered the expansion of the
entrepreneurs.
1.7 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this work is just an insight into the activities of the young ideal manager or who may be called an entrepreneur in Enugu. The angle the research is bringing in this entrepreneur is from the activities of the Nigerian Association of the Small-Scale industrialist (NASSI) Enugu State Chapter, Enugu Office. The entrepreneurs we are going to discuss here is only the small-scale industrialist. The office of the NASSI in Enugu has been visited and five more industries involved in small-scale production were visited as well.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The researcher was unable to get the required information from the chairman of NASSI, thus speaking with the secretary though the right data was collected.
The time lag was too short to conduct more researches on this topic hence the asocial does not have any library for academic research work. Thirdly funds were problems as a result much were not done on his study.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Depressed economy
This is an economy where mostly economic and social activities are made to be less active, or sad without enthusiasm.
2. Scholar
A scholar is a person who studies an academic subject and knows a lot about it.
3. Poised
These means when an individual is ready or set to take action or strike something any moment in time.
4. Pragmatic
This is a way of dealing with something or problems in a practical way rather than using theoretical or abstract principles.
5. Metropolis
A metropolis is very large city that contains is very large number of people.
6. Time Lag
This is an interval of time between one event and another related event that happens after it.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: THE NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY
ABSTRACT
The study of the nature involves a lot of deep research and understanding of the factors, which creates the effects on the subject matter. Primarily, these factors were more economical than managerial as the case may be, on the understanding that this research work is being casual out under a management setting or department.
Just as the subject matter is, the impact of foreign direct investment on the Nigerian Economy with a case study of Nigerian Bottling Company Plc, it is based on the economic, social and entrepreneurial impacts created by these multinational companies like NBC Plc on their host societies.
Based on this, the objective of this study was to determine through quantitative and quantitative measures whether the benefits of multinational enterprises (MNE’S) out weigh the cost that results from their activities in the hose countries.
The first chapter of this work contains a general discussion (i.e. critics and defense) of FSI’s activities in host countries. Further the statement of the research problem was studied and the need for the study. The scope and limitation to the research work was finally looked into with the stated hypothesis which guide the researcher in his evaluations.
In chapter two, a number of part related literatures were examined as it relates to the impact of foreign direct investment to Nigeria as the case may be with particular reference to NBC Plc activities in Enugu Zone.
Chapter three treated the design of the study, the method of collecting data and the ways in which the questionnaires were distributed within the chosen population.
The data gathered from the research were analysed and interpreted in chapter four of this research report.
Finally, the summary of findings, conclusions on the research work and recommendations were given by the researcher all in chapter five.
It is believed that these recommendations made in this study will help both the multinationals in their relationship with their host communities as well as creating an enabling environment from the host country for their business to there.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Introduction
1.1Overview of the study
1.2Brief review of Nigerian Bottling Company Plc
1.3Statement of research problem
1.4Research questions
1.5Hypothesis
1.6Scope of the study
1.7Limitations of the study
1.8Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0Literature review
2.0.1Theoretical review
2.0.2The impact of foreign direct investment on the growth
of the host society
2.1Theoretical paradigm
2.2Theories of foreign direct investment
CHAPTER THREE
3.0Introduction
3.1Research design
3.2Area of the study
3.3Population of the study
3.4Sample and size determination
3.5Instrument of data collection
3.6Validation of the instrument
3.7Reliability of the instruments
3.8Method of data collection
3.9Questionnaire distribution and retrieval
3.10Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Presentation of analysis and interpretation of data
4.1Answers to questionnaires
4.2Test of hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0Discussion of results of findings
5.1Conclusions
5.2Recommendations
5.3Suggestion for further studies
Bibliography
Appendix 1
Appendix 11
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#10000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: The Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment On The Nigerian Economy (A Case Study Of Nbc Plc Enugu)
ABSTRACT
The study of the nature involves a lot of deep research and understanding of the factors, which creates the effects on the subject matter. Primarily, these factors were more economical than managerial as the case may be, on the understanding that this research work is being casual out under a management setting or department.
Just as the subject matter is, the impact of foreign direct investment on the Nigerian Economy with a case study of Nigerian Bottling Company Plc, it is based on the economic, social and entrepreneurial impacts created by these multinational companies like NBC Plc on their host societies.
Based on this, the objective of this study was to determine through quantitative and quantitative measures whether the benefits of multinational enterprises (MNE’S) out weigh the cost that results from their activities in the hose countries.
The first chapter of this work contains a general discussion (i.e. critics and defense) of FSI’s activities in host countries. Further the statement of the research problem was studied and the need for the study. The scope and limitation to the research work was finally looked into with the stated hypothesis which guide the researcher in his evaluations.
In chapter two, a number of part related literatures were examined as it relates to the impact of foreign direct investment to Nigeria as the case may be with particular reference to NBC Plc activities in Enugu Zone.
Chapter three treated the design of the study, the method of collecting data and the ways in which the questionnaires were distributed within the chosen population.
The data gathered from the research were analysed and interpreted in chapter four of this research report.
Finally, the summary of findings, conclusions on the research work and recommendations were given by the researcher all in chapter five.
It is believed that these recommendations made in this study will help both the multinationals in their relationship with their host communities as well as creating an enabling environment from the host country for their business to there.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Introduction
1.1Overview of the study
1.2Brief review of Nigerian Bottling Company Plc
1.3Statement of research problem
1.4Research questions
1.5Hypothesis
1.6Scope of the study
1.7Limitations of the study
1.8Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0Literature review
2.0.1Theoretical review
2.0.2The impact of foreign direct investment on the growth
of the host society
2.1Theoretical paradigm
2.2Theories of foreign direct investment
CHAPTER THREE
3.0Introduction
3.1Research design
3.2Area of the study
3.3Population of the study
3.4Sample and size determination
3.5Instrument of data collection
3.6Validation of the instrument
3.7Reliability of the instruments
3.8Method of data collection
3.9Questionnaire distribution and retrieval
3.10Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0Presentation of analysis and interpretation of data
4.1Answers to questionnaires
4.2Test of hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0Discussion of results of findings
5.1Conclusions
5.2Recommendations
5.3Suggestion for further studies
Bibliography
Appendix 1
Appendix 11
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ABSTRACT
This study is on a strong impression of effective management of resources in solving unemployment problem in Nigeria. This researcher want to know the impact of effective management of resources in solving unemployment problem in Oji-River Local Government Area, how they have carried its operations to bring this phenomenon to its best minimum.
In order to achieve this, an empirical survey and library research were carried out. The source of data used include both primary and secondary data. The primary source of data are the administration of questionnaires and oral interviews while the secondary sources includes statistical tools used in testing hypothesis.
The research reveals that the local government has not put the necessary machinery in place to tackle unemployment. One reason being lack of managerial skill operating in the area.
This factor has been a force milting against solving unemployment problem. It was discovered also that the local government under study engages in various activities and scheme including provision of pipe borne water rural electrification project to attract investors to harness the available natural resources to create employment for the people
Besides lack of infrastructure has equally contributed to non improvement of unemployment situation
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page
Title page
Approval page
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Scope of the study
1.5 Research question
1.6 Research hypothesis
1.7 Significance of the study
1.8 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.1 Management is pervasive
2.2 Management is culture bound
2.3 Problems generated by unemployment
CHAPTER THREE
Design of the study
3.1 Selection of population
3.2 Sample size
3.3 Development of research materials
3.4 Questionnaires design
3.5 Research procedure
3.6 Treatment of data
CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation and analysis
4.1 Presentation and analysis of data
4.2 Summary of results
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion recommendation and conclusion
5.1 Summary of finding
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
5.4 Questionnaires
5.5 Bibliography
5.6 Appendix
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Tags: THE IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES IN SOLVING UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF OJI-REIVER LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENUGU)
ABSTRACT
This study is on a strong impression of effective management of resources in solving unemployment problem in Nigeria. This researcher want to know the impact of effective management of resources in solving unemployment problem in Oji-River Local Government Area, how they have carried its operations to bring this phenomenon to its best minimum.
In order to achieve this, an empirical survey and library research were carried out. The source of data used include both primary and secondary data. The primary source of data are the administration of questionnaires and oral interviews while the secondary sources includes statistical tools used in testing hypothesis.
The research reveals that the local government has not put the necessary machinery in place to tackle unemployment. One reason being lack of managerial skill operating in the area.
This factor has been a force milting against solving unemployment problem. It was discovered also that the local government under study engages in various activities and scheme including provision of pipe borne water rural electrification project to attract investors to harness the available natural resources to create employment for the people
Besides lack of infrastructure has equally contributed to non improvement of unemployment situation
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page
Title page
Approval page
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Scope of the study
1.5 Research question
1.6 Research hypothesis
1.7 Significance of the study
1.8 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.1 Management is pervasive
2.2 Management is culture bound
2.3 Problems generated by unemployment
CHAPTER THREE
Design of the study
3.1 Selection of population
3.2 Sample size
3.3 Development of research materials
3.4 Questionnaires design
3.5 Research procedure
3.6 Treatment of data
CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation and analysis
4.1 Presentation and analysis of data
4.2 Summary of results
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion recommendation and conclusion
5.1 Summary of finding
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
5.4 Questionnaires
5.5 Bibliography
5.6 Appendix
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ABSTRACT
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| There is need for encouraging the educational sector in Nigeria and its expenditure by the federal government. The objective of this research is to find out the impact of educational expenditure to the Nigerian Economy, the null hypothesis (H0) which states that educational expenditure has no significant effect to Nigeria economy is tested against the alternative (H1) which states that educational expenditure has a significant effect to the Nigeria economy. The linear regression analysis is used adopting the “ordinary least squares” techniques. Based on the available data, it found out that “Educational Expenditure” has a positive relationship with “Economic Growth” i.e Gross Domestic Product. From the finding it recommended that to harness a remarkable increase in educational sector, federal government have to spend at least 40% of its revenue in the educational sector in order to develop human capital resources to obtain a remarkable increase in Gross Domestic Product. |
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
It is widely acknowledged that, education is an important determinant factor of economic growth. Prominent classical and neoclassical economist such as Adam Smith, Romer, Lucas and Solow emphasized the contribution of education in developing their economic growth theories and models. The main theoretical approaches of modeling the linkages between education and economic performance are the neoclassical growth models of Robert Solow (1957) and the model of Romer (1990). Apart from the theoretical aspects, numerous empirical studies have focused on the issue of education and economic development. According to Ismail (1998), education is considered as a long term investment that leads to a high production for a country in the future. In fact, economists argued that advanced education sector will certainly lead successfulness of a country’s economics and socials development. Therefore, most of the developed and developing countries emphasize the enhancement of educational sector. Nigeria has no exceptions in developing and enhancing its educational system in order to be a world class country (Ibrahmim and Awang, 2008). Nigeria’s commitment in developing its educational sectors has been tremendous. This can be seen from Nigeria’s annual budget allocation. Nigeria has allocated significant amount of budget for education sector and it keep increasing for each budget session. What can be learnt is that, from 1989 there have been consistent increases for Nigeria’s educational budget allocations. Despite the financial turmoil that badly affected Nigerian economy in which had devaluated Nigeria currency, government’s allocation for the educational sector has never been reduced. In fact it has been increasing. Emphasizing on educational sector has been successful as it plays important roles in achieving National development agenda and contributed to a country’s economic growth. Sheehan (1971) has listed some direct benefit that country’s gain from education. This includes increases in productivity, labors’ income, country’s economic growth and literacy rate. In addition, education could also improve efficiency of income allocation as well as labor’s mobility and transfer in accordance to work demand of trained workers.
Nigeria is a multi-ethnic group but consisted of three major ethnic groups namely, Igbos that inhabited there Eastern part of the country, Hausas which inhabited the Northern part and Yorubas at the Western part.
Before the coming of the colonial masters, Nigeria practiced a traditional educational system which comprises of teachings based on religious background (Islam and Christianity). Essentially, the major aim of traditional education was to foster good character in the individual member of the society for them to be useful in the larger society. For instances, local stories and folktales were frequently told and references to ancestors who demonstrated the “act of legendary”. Notwithstanding that this system was a hallmark for the preservation of socio-cultural values and norms but the system fail to make room for critical thinking and research development. Since much valuable time are wasted as a result of unnecessary long period of training thereby impending the development of the child’s potentialities.
After the demise of slave trade in 1806 as a result of missionaries resettlement and rehabilitation plans. These Christian Missions included Church Missionary Society (CMS), Methodist Missionary Society (MMS), the Roman Catholic Mission (RCM) and others. They preached the mysteries of reading and writing with the “Holy Bible” and its content as their principal reference materials and belief.
In Nigeria, Western education formally took-off at Abeokuta in today’s Ogun State by the establishment of a formal school in 1546 by the Church Missionary Society and ten years later, the Baptist Mission led by Reo Bowen arrived to established their own school, the Roman Catholics and others followed suit in establishment of schools in several parts of Nigeria.
Up until 1884, when Nigeria was formally made a colony of the British government, little attention was paid to the educational needs of the people as the entire Western education system was solely missionary affair. One of the immediate benefits of the early western education was that the graduates from the Christian schools secure white-collar jobs in the colonial establishments.
The national consciousness of the significance of education in Nigeria formed the basis upon which education expenditure became a matter of serious consideration. Since 1960 to date one of the major problems facing educational sector is low investment in the infrastructural, research grants and learning aid especially in the public schools. For several years now, educational industry has suffered tremendous neglects arising mainly from the ineptitude of education administrators at the various levels of government in Nigeria. According to Prof. Ukeje B.O “the problem of education is not only in terms of the economic factor of increasing demands in the face of decreasing resources but also in terms of political considerations.
On the foregoing promises, this paper work stands to present a framework in which policy interventions can be hinged in order to ameliorate the problem of poor financing and inconsistencies in the federal government’s educational expenditure pattern in Nigeria.
Statement of the Problem
The federal government allocation to education sector has declined steadily since 1999 and is much lower than the average in the last years of military rule.
Alternative source of financing education explored by the federal government is the Education Tax Fund (ETF) established in 1995. ETF ensures that companies with more than 100 employees contribute 2% of their pre-tax earnings to the fund. Primary education receives 40% of this fund, secondary education receives 10% and higher education 50%. Primary education has also in the past decades receives from the Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF) for capital expenditure and provision of infrastructural materials.
Despite all alternatives, the infrastructure and facilities remains inadequate for coping with a system that is growing at a very rapid pace. Due to poor financing, the quality of education offered is affected by poor attendance and inadequate preparation by teachers at all levels. Physical facilities such as libraries, laboratories, modern communication and information technology equipment have to be provided.
Objectives of the Study
The objectives of this work are:
Firstly, to find out the relationship between federal government educational expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria for the period of 1994-2011.
Secondly, to find the impact of federal government educational expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria.
Hypothesis of the Study
For the purpose of this study, the following hypothesis will be tested.
H0: Federal government expenditure has no significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria.
H1: Federal government expenditure has significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria.
Significance of the Study
The federal government annual expenditure to the educational sector is of great concern to all citizenry. This is because; educational expenditure has a significant impact on human capital development.
The study will be of great importance to policy-makers because it will make them to see the impact of education on national development and will make them to make policy adjustments concerning the education sector.
The study will also benefit the education authorities and administrators, as this will propel reforms and transformation where necessary.
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Tags: THE IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
