ABSTRACT
The research work focused on the causes and effect of educational imbalance among male and female students in Uhunmwonde Local Area of Edo State. The research work consisted five chapters. The chapters entitles chapter one an introduction and scope of the study, chapter two covers the review of literature which entails the various causes and the effect of educational imbalance among male and female students. Chapter three examiners research methodology covering sampling procedure and method of data analysis. Chapter four covered the presentation of data analysis, chapter hold on the summary, conclusion, questionnaires structured questions asked during the oral interview and recommendations consequently. The research work was completed with bibliography slighted during the research work.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter One
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Research questions
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope of the study
1.7 Limitation of the study
1.8 Definition of terms
Chapter Two
2.1 Review of related literature
2.2 The major causes of educational imbalance
2.3 Economic or financial status of the parents
2.4 Educational background of parents
2.5 Religion background of parents
2.6 Ethics factors
2.7 The effects of educational imbalance among male and female
2.8 Summary
Chapter Three
3.1 Methodology
3.2 Population of study
3.3 Sample
3.4 Sample techniques
3.5 Instrumentation
3.6 Validity of the instrument
3.7 Administration of instrument
3.8 Method of data analysis
Chapter Four
Presentation and analysis of data
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
References
Questionnaires
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The education of children is an important duty of parents and government duty of parents and the government. The education process starts in the home, but it continues in school when children reach schools age. It is necessary to emphasize from the on set that the attempt here is analyze the causes and effect of educational imbalance is to acknowledge the fact that certain factors are responsible for the educational imbalance among male and female students in Uhunmwonde to be exact. A critical examination of these factors will give a clear understanding of the differences in the number of male and female in school.
According to the national policy on education (1998_) the 6-3-3-4 programme starts when the child spend six years in primary schools three years in higher education. The national policy on education also recognized the importance of pre-primary education hence it urged parents to provide such education for their children. Parents generally wish to educate all their children whether they are poor or rich, educated or illiterate, they realize the immerge importance of school education. However, there are certain problems which make it difficult for parents to provide education for all the children. One of such problems is economic for financial problems in the home. Education is very expensive and many families are unable to provide the money to educate all the boys and girls children. If there is not enough money to send all the children which of the children to sent to school. The others are kept in the home to assist in farming, cooking and business, there are also culture and religions tradition and custom of the people, which influence the attitudes of parents towards the education of boys and girls for example, because male children in her it their fathers properties most Nigerians tribal families, the male are considered more important than the female children. Therefore, parents tend to make more effort to educate the boys than the girls. Moreover, the girls are expected to mature and leave their parents to live with their husband in the house, some parents feel that money spent on education of the boys is an investment for the further wealth of the family. For religions reasons, the female children in some Moslem families are not given easy freedom to attend school, this is to protect them from too much Muslim association with male. It protects them from the society. Another factor that influences the willingness of parents to send their children to schools is the availability of school near their house. In some part of the country there are not many schools. The school in the locality may be too for from home and there may be no transportation to go to school for safety reason, parents may decide not to take the risk of following the young children to walk the long distance to school. This is particularly the case if the child’s is a girl or the health of the child is not too good.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Education is an instrument for the development of an individual and their society. It is so important that every person should be well educated. The problems of illiteracy and half education are so many that no parents should deny his or her child the opportunity or right to receive good education. But there are facts which militate against male and female enjoying the same unequal access to education. Some of these factors affects some parents and families more than other. The educational, cultural, religious or economical problems. The factors influencing educational imbalance likely to differ according to whether the child concerned is a male or a female, when ever a parents in not in a position to provide equal access to education for all his children, a choice has to be made which may be in favour of the male or female. The parent’s attitudes to the education of male and female we determine which of the children to send to school. In Nigeria society, the changes are that the boys will be favored more than the girls. The problems can lead to more illiterate or inadequately educated girls than boys in the community. It also amount to denial of the girl’s fundamental right for a better future life.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose and objective of the study is to critically examine the causes and the effect of educational imbalance among male and female students in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area of Edo State. The study also aimed at investigating the influence of certain factors and personal characteristics of parents on their attitudes towards the education of boys and girls. The factors include the sex of parents, there social economic status, their level of education, their religion background from the findings of the study, recommendations will be made on how to get parents to appreciate the need to give both male and female equal opportunity to receive equal education.
RESEARCH QUESTION
In order to study the causes and the effect of educational imbalance among male and female students the following research questions have been put forward.
1. Are there imbalances in the number of male and female students in schools?
2. Does the economic or financial status of parents influence the education of male and female?
3. Do religious background of parents influences his or her attitude towards the education of male and female.
4. Does the educational background or level of a parents influence his attitude towards the education of his children.
5. Does the family size of a parents influences his or her attitudes towards the education of male and female?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is important because girls on many Nigerian houses and societies are often not given the same opportunities to education as is given to the boys. The girls usually suffer some discrimination especially if her parents are poor, uneducated or have many children to carter for I school. The introduction of universal basic education (UBE) will help to increase opportunity to change the attitude of parents nor remove all the cultural prejudice against females. The study is also significant in the sense that it will help to expose which factors are most influential in determining what attitudes we may reasonably expect from different types of parents, such information from this study should be useful to government and those who manage the educational system. It will enable them to plan properly on how to enforce the compulsory attendance required by the universal basic education programme for all children of primary and junior school age that is free and compulsory education for children from the age of 6-15 years.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study will involve the total scope of the study of Uhunmwonde Local Government Area in Benin City, Edo State. Due to the nature of the topic the causes and effect of educational imbalance among male and female students in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area in Edo State the researcher was subjected to certain limitations such as time; ill health; finance and non availability of research materials.
Nevertheless, the conduct of the research or had been in such a manner that major constraints have been over come such as possible.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Religious Background: Refer to the belief or the religion a parents belong to whether Christian or Islam.
Illiterate: Parents who is unable to read and write.
Occupation: refers to what a parents does for a living. In this study all government workers are classified as public servants. Those who are engaged in business of what every type are put together. The rest are classified as farmers.
Parent: As used in the study include any man or woman who is married or devoted whether or not he or she has children at school.
Attitude: This refers to the various way people perceive things or events or the way they react to issues.
Deceptive: As used in the study refers to the unreliable answers.
Meager limited resources (finance)
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Tags: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSES AND EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL IMBALANCE AMONG MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL
ABSTRACT
The research work focused on the causes and effect of educational imbalance among male and female students in Uhunmwonde Local Area of Edo State. The research work consisted five chapters. The chapters entitles chapter one an introduction and scope of the study, chapter two covers the review of literature which entails the various causes and the effect of educational imbalance among male and female students. Chapter three examiners research methodology covering sampling procedure and method of data analysis. Chapter four covered the presentation of data analysis, chapter hold on the summary, conclusion, questionnaires structured questions asked during the oral interview and recommendations consequently. The research work was completed with bibliography slighted during the research work.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter One
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Research questions
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope of the study
1.7 Limitation of the study
1.8 Definition of terms
Chapter Two
2.1 Review of related literature
2.2 The major causes of educational imbalance
2.3 Economic or financial status of the parents
2.4 Educational background of parents
2.5 Religion background of parents
2.6 Ethics factors
2.7 The effects of educational imbalance among male and female
2.8 Summary
Chapter Three
3.1 Methodology
3.2 Population of study
3.3 Sample
3.4 Sample techniques
3.5 Instrumentation
3.6 Validity of the instrument
3.7 Administration of instrument
3.8 Method of data analysis
Chapter Four
Presentation and analysis of data
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
References
Questionnaires
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The education of children is an important duty of parents and government duty of parents and the government. The education process starts in the home, but it continues in school when children reach schools age. It is necessary to emphasize from the on set that the attempt here is analyze the causes and effect of educational imbalance is to acknowledge the fact that certain factors are responsible for the educational imbalance among male and female students in Uhunmwonde to be exact. A critical examination of these factors will give a clear understanding of the differences in the number of male and female in school.
According to the national policy on education (1998_) the 6-3-3-4 programme starts when the child spend six years in primary schools three years in higher education. The national policy on education also recognized the importance of pre-primary education hence it urged parents to provide such education for their children. Parents generally wish to educate all their children whether they are poor or rich, educated or illiterate, they realize the immerge importance of school education. However, there are certain problems which make it difficult for parents to provide education for all the children. One of such problems is economic for financial problems in the home. Education is very expensive and many families are unable to provide the money to educate all the boys and girls children. If there is not enough money to send all the children which of the children to sent to school. The others are kept in the home to assist in farming, cooking and business, there are also culture and religions tradition and custom of the people, which influence the attitudes of parents towards the education of boys and girls for example, because male children in her it their fathers properties most Nigerians tribal families, the male are considered more important than the female children. Therefore, parents tend to make more effort to educate the boys than the girls. Moreover, the girls are expected to mature and leave their parents to live with their husband in the house, some parents feel that money spent on education of the boys is an investment for the further wealth of the family. For religions reasons, the female children in some Moslem families are not given easy freedom to attend school, this is to protect them from too much Muslim association with male. It protects them from the society. Another factor that influences the willingness of parents to send their children to schools is the availability of school near their house. In some part of the country there are not many schools. The school in the locality may be too for from home and there may be no transportation to go to school for safety reason, parents may decide not to take the risk of following the young children to walk the long distance to school. This is particularly the case if the child’s is a girl or the health of the child is not too good.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Education is an instrument for the development of an individual and their society. It is so important that every person should be well educated. The problems of illiteracy and half education are so many that no parents should deny his or her child the opportunity or right to receive good education. But there are facts which militate against male and female enjoying the same unequal access to education. Some of these factors affects some parents and families more than other. The educational, cultural, religious or economical problems. The factors influencing educational imbalance likely to differ according to whether the child concerned is a male or a female, when ever a parents in not in a position to provide equal access to education for all his children, a choice has to be made which may be in favour of the male or female. The parent’s attitudes to the education of male and female we determine which of the children to send to school. In Nigeria society, the changes are that the boys will be favored more than the girls. The problems can lead to more illiterate or inadequately educated girls than boys in the community. It also amount to denial of the girl’s fundamental right for a better future life.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose and objective of the study is to critically examine the causes and the effect of educational imbalance among male and female students in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area of Edo State. The study also aimed at investigating the influence of certain factors and personal characteristics of parents on their attitudes towards the education of boys and girls. The factors include the sex of parents, there social economic status, their level of education, their religion background from the findings of the study, recommendations will be made on how to get parents to appreciate the need to give both male and female equal opportunity to receive equal education.
RESEARCH QUESTION
In order to study the causes and the effect of educational imbalance among male and female students the following research questions have been put forward.
1. Are there imbalances in the number of male and female students in schools?
2. Does the economic or financial status of parents influence the education of male and female?
3. Do religious background of parents influences his or her attitude towards the education of male and female.
4. Does the educational background or level of a parents influence his attitude towards the education of his children.
5. Does the family size of a parents influences his or her attitudes towards the education of male and female?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is important because girls on many Nigerian houses and societies are often not given the same opportunities to education as is given to the boys. The girls usually suffer some discrimination especially if her parents are poor, uneducated or have many children to carter for I school. The introduction of universal basic education (UBE) will help to increase opportunity to change the attitude of parents nor remove all the cultural prejudice against females. The study is also significant in the sense that it will help to expose which factors are most influential in determining what attitudes we may reasonably expect from different types of parents, such information from this study should be useful to government and those who manage the educational system. It will enable them to plan properly on how to enforce the compulsory attendance required by the universal basic education programme for all children of primary and junior school age that is free and compulsory education for children from the age of 6-15 years.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study will involve the total scope of the study of Uhunmwonde Local Government Area in Benin City, Edo State. Due to the nature of the topic the causes and effect of educational imbalance among male and female students in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area in Edo State the researcher was subjected to certain limitations such as time; ill health; finance and non availability of research materials.
Nevertheless, the conduct of the research or had been in such a manner that major constraints have been over come such as possible.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Religious Background: Refer to the belief or the religion a parents belong to whether Christian or Islam.
Illiterate: Parents who is unable to read and write.
Occupation: refers to what a parents does for a living. In this study all government workers are classified as public servants. Those who are engaged in business of what every type are put together. The rest are classified as farmers.
Parent: As used in the study include any man or woman who is married or devoted whether or not he or she has children at school.
Attitude: This refers to the various way people perceive things or events or the way they react to issues.
Deceptive: As used in the study refers to the unreliable answers.
Meager limited resources (finance)
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSES AND EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL IMBALANCE AMONG MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to find out the factors responsible for pupils poor performance in in selected primary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. To find out the factors, ten primary schools with numbers of pupils and teachers were randomly sampled for this research. The instrument used was questionnaire, relevant literatures from both journals, lecture and books were reviewed as to find out the opinion of other authors about the factors responsible for pupils poor performance in. These were trace to the following factors:
1. Inadequate of qualified and experienced teachers.
2. Wrong method of teaching and lack of sufficient literature materials
3. Teachers poor motivation
4. Lack of test books in primary schools
5. Lack of interest and unconducive environment, etc
From the above findings, the following recommendations were made to improve the pupils performance in .
1. The ministry of education should employ adequate number of qualified teachers; provide in-service training for the teachers in the system.
2. The government and the parents/teachers associated (PTA) should jointly provide schools with sufficient instructional materials and teachers by reducing the population of pupils from 80 to 40 pupils from easy management.
3. Teachers should vary their method of teaching to make the lessons interesting to the pupils.
4. The condition of service for teachers should be improved to motivate them by promoting them when due and early payment of salary.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter one
Introduction
Background to the study
Statement of problem
Purpose of the study
Significance of the study
Definition of terms
Chapter two
Literature review
Chapter three
Population of the study
Research instrument
Pupils questionnaire
Method of data collection
Method of data analysis
Chapter four
Analysis and interpretation of data
Discussion of findings
Chapter five
Summary, recommendation and conclusion
Summary
Recommendation
Conclusion
Suggestion for further studies
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Oredo Local Government Area is one of the areas that make up Edo State of Nigeria. The investigation is concerned with the primary schools and junior secondary schools. At this level of education all students offer. The study of has a tremendous role to play in the development of a country. It is concerned with the development of a country. It is concerned with the development of a responsibility for the socializing and humanizing of the child. The focus of this objective is the inculcation of these desirable norms, values, attitudes and behaviour in the growing child to make him fit into the society.
In the light of the above, the objectives of in primary schools and junior secondary schools cannot be overemphasized. According to the national policy on education, in Nigerian primary schools and junior secondary schools should aim at;
a. Developing the right citizenship as a basis for effective participation in contribution to the life of the society.
b. Developing in the child the ability to adopt to his changing environment
c. Inculcating character and moral training and the development of sound mind
d. Beside, the primary school child should develop appreciation of the dignity of man and liberty
e. Developing sense of sympathy and compassion for the less fortunate members of the society
f. Develop sense of respect and tolerance of the opinions of others even in disagreement, and
g. Develop willingness to accept necessary changes
In purchase of these objectives, the study of, create in the individual the awareness to restructure their goals and objectives in line with the acceptable norms and rule of the society. This will lead to the attainment of a just and egalitarian society, a united, strong and self-reliant nation. Today, the national policy on education in Nigeria clearly spelt our status of, particularly in the primary and junior secondary schools. It is to be offered by;
Federal republic of Nigeria: National Policy on Education, Nigerian education research council press, 1981-the pupils as a core subject, implying that, they cannot afford to dispense with it. What needs to make one thoughtful here is that inspite of the present emphasis on science and technology in Nigeria, the national policy on education has given a place of eminence in the scheme of things.
The investigator, aware of this tremendous importance of the study of to the individual and the entire community decided to embark on a study of the problems associated with the teaching of , taking primary school in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State as a case study.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The role of in a developing nation like Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. Suffice it to say that a good knowledge and application of principles of by the citizens of this country will be a great benefit to the nation as a whole. It is a known fact that have not been given a due recognition as a core subject in the past but only now. As a result of recent inclusion in the curriculum as a core subject, there is bound to be factors associated with the teaching and learning of . This investigator wants to look into, such problems militating against the effective teaching and learning of the subject is the acute shortage of the professionally qualified teachers. The number of unqualified teachers our schools is alarming and there is no denying fact that effort effective teaching of any subject is predicated on the caliber of people charged with the responsibility of teaching the subject. Apart from the fact that these set of teachers are not professionally qualified, they care less about teaching personal business at the expense of the children in Oredo L.G.A. Teacher in primary schools is a factor responsible for pupil’s poor performance in .
According to Daily Times opinion, the survey carried out by the National Teacher Institute in November, 1983 showed that out of 300, 000 teachers in the country, 200, 000 a clear two third were unqualified. A pupil trained by quack teacher under bamboo tree or a shade without the barest facilities, we believe is likely to be denied the self fulfillment and confidence that an adequate education give. In schools where there are enough qualified teachers to handle the various subjects, the performance of the pupils differs from those schools with less qualified teachers.
According to Akor (1980), he said that the important of well-qualified and experienced teachers cannot be overemphasized. They are the essential ingredients needed by pupils to learn effectively.
Dr. Titus Olikhens, one time Bendel State commissioner for education, in his article stated that ‘shortage of qualified teachers, insufficient provision of instructional materials and teaching methods and lack of incentives for the study were problems militating against the achievement of the objectives of .
Norman, A. pebble argued that one of the things affecting the effective teaching of teachers to provide better explanation which is traceable to their lack of adequate concept and research method’.
M. B. Oguniyi et al write that ‘many teachers of are not trained. The few trained and qualified ones hardly stay as classroom teachers as they find other forms of employment or to higher institution of learning. Combei and Keeves reported qualification and previous experience, perception of professional role; responsibility goal and interest affect the teaching of . In this context, schools with N.C.E. graduates teachers tend to have better primary six certificate and junior secondary school results than schools with grade II teachers.
Another Problems Noted is Lack of Textbooks
Lack of textbooks is another factors that are responsible for poor performance in . There are no enough and comprehensive books for both the teachers and the pupils or students to use. As a result of non-availability of authentic textbooks, teachers do not give vivid information to the pupils or students in Oredo L.G.A. The few available ones are out-dated.
M. B. Oguniyi et al stated that acute lack of textbooks and other printed materials are inadequate. Funds are not also made readily available for teachers to purchase basic materials needed for improvising apparatus. Also, writing along the same line, I. B. Otitoju stated that many students teachers are likely to find themselves in schools where there are no text books and instructional materials and the students teachers are expected to perform the miracle of teaching pupils , that improvised materials will be of help to the teacher and the pupils. The inability of teachers to make use of improvised materials kills the interest of pupils staying the subjects.
The method of teaching
The method of teaching is another factor responsible for poor performance.
Bajah in his book said that ‘ teaching at all levels of the country is out dated. The norm is the traditional approach with the teacher at the center of activities and with memorization as the prima means of learning. Although memorization has its place, it cannot on its own arouse the pupil’s real interest and imagination, nor can it capture their involvement in the process of learning.
According to Abdullahi (1982), he sated that ‘inspite of orientation courses, some teachers still go back to their schools to teach by the lecture method or textbook method. in this regard, schools where teachers vary their methods of teaching, the pupils tend to understand more than schools were the teachers use the lecture method to impact knowledge to the pupils. Different method of teaching help to cater for the different abilities of pupils in class and more able to understand better’.
According to Maduabum, it is essential for nay teacher of to became acquainted with teaching methods that will help pupils achieve learning objectives’. Commenting further, he said that several methods exist which teachers can utilize to ensure effective learning, such method include demonstration method, discussion method, project method, field trip, play away method etc.
According to Essien (1978) p. 81, he therefore enumerated some common faults in the teaching of in primary schools and junior secondary schools;
· Lack of preparation
· Lack of interest by teachers
· Attempting too much problems in the lesson
The size of the classroom
Following the introduction of the Universal Primary Education (UPE), programme into the country, this caused a gigantic increase in pupils population in primary schools. Some schools have almost eight hundred pupils on roll. However, there is no doubt that less time is available for individual attention to the pupils. In most of the classroom, where group work is done, the classes are so noisy and rowdy and the teachers are unable to control the pupils. Such a situation does not allow for effective learning. Due to the number of pupils in the classroom, the teachers use much of the time meant for teaching in controlling the pupils, as such, much work is done in short time because the teachers will now try to teach every thing fort the period in less time. There will be no time left for the teacher to pay attention to individual pupils with individual difference. This does not give room for effective teaching of and it affect the performance of the pupils in .
Pupils Lack of Interest and Unconducive Environments
Unconducive environment and lack of interest affect their performance in schools. S. G. Tunde (1987) in his lecture said, students tend to shy away and become frustrated from the subject because of their poor and this makes them to be weak academically and others think that social sciences is very easy hence little or no attention is paid to the subjects in the classroom.
A. M. Maduabum (1984) in his book titled “Teaching effectively” said ‘pupils come from different socio-economic background. Some may come from rich family, some from poor families and others from what may be regarded as middle class homes. A pupils performance in school is subject to modifications by the amount of time and the kind of home environment to study in the extra moral activities in which he participate and the manner in which he spent his leisure time, all of which are largely dependent upon the socio-economic status of his parents. For instances, a child who hawks rice, banana, beans after school, and come back home fatigues is not likely to perform better than one who is provided with extra coaching courses at home after school and has a good time to study in a relatively stimulating intellectual environment. He further added that a learner’s entry behaviour is his previous background knowledge, which is related to the lesson at home. It facilitates their understanding of the new lesson if he is reminded of it. He further said that ‘the failure of pupils to grasp complex concepts was due to lack of appropriate cognitive preparation’.
Lack of sufficient instructional materials: lack of sufficient instructional materials generally hinders the teaching and learning of . This fact cannot be over-emphasized, as instructional materials are the only way open to teaching of to support verbal illustration to sustain the pupil interest for a considerable length of times.
M. A. Maduabun pointed out that if is to be properly learned, the classroom for sole reliance on the inadequate school resources will create an undesirable class majority, he therefore suggested that it is described that teacher should endeavor to improve the quality of their teaching through improvisation, so as to make learning a bit more pleasurable act effective. With the proper use of these materials, teaching can be made more meaningful and concrete. The mere use for these materials however, does not guarantee effective teaching. It is therefore carefully selected and skillful handling of these instructional materials by the teachers that will render useful teaching and learning.
M. B. Ogunniyi et al stated that there is active shortage of textbook and other printed materials in our schools. He said that funds are not also made readily available to purchase basic materials needed for improvising, many teachers do not feel motivate to teach.
Teacher’s Poor Motivation
Teacher’s poor motivation is another factor responsible for pupil’s poor performance in .
The frequent strikes by teachers in Oredo L.G.A. of Edo State as a result of poor service conditions clearly shows that teachers are not motivated to teach well. A poorly motivated teacher will teach the subject poorly.
According to M. B. Ogunniyi many teachers of are not trained in the subject, the few trained and qualified ones hardly stay as classroom teachers as they find some other forms of employment or go to higher institution, because they are not motivated.
Teachers salary are not always paid on time. A hungry teacher will not be motivated to teach.
The Personality and Disposition of Teachers
The personality and disposition of teachers for a long way in affecting the social and moral behavior of the pupils or students. The teachers themselves lack the social qualities they want to the pupils to have. Most teachers in this local government are behaves contrary to the expected norms and values of the society. In attempting to find solution to the above problems, the investigators decided to look at the following specific questions;
1. Does the quality of teachers influence academic performance?
2. What role does teachers prepared noted play on academic performances?
3. What role does textbooks play on academic performance?
4. Does teachers personality and disposition influence academic excellence?
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The study is aimed specifically at analyzing and diagnosing the problems or factors responsible for pupils poor performance or factors responsible for pupils poor performance in , and also seek at providing suitable suggestions that will help improve the teaching and learning of in primary and junior secondary school in Oredo L.G.A.
It is hoped that the findings of this project work will be immense benefit to teaching throughout the Local Government Area, since they will be exposed to the factors responsible for pupil’s poor performance in which is bordering the development of education. Thus, enabling them tackle effectively such problems in time.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study hopefully will be useful to teachers in Edo State in general and Oredo L.G.A. in particular. The result of this finding will guide the classroom teacher on the methodology to follow when teaching . it will also be of importance to the pupils as their ability will be improved in relation to their cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. There will an improvement in the pupils thinking ability and their creation skills. It will equally to along way in reforming the individual and making them to conform to the norms and values of the society. In a nation building and national reconstruction for social and economic emancipation of the individual and the Nigerian society.
Besides, it will also inculcate in the pupils spirit of enquire and creativity though the exploration of nature and the local environment. Fro example, make them know the objects around, and what they are used for.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
can be defined as the study of man and his social and physical environment. It is also how man influences the environment and how the environment in turn influences mankind.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#10000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
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But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
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No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
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www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
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www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
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Tags: FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR POOR PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN GOVERNMENT IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to find out the factors responsible for pupils poor performance in in selected primary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. To find out the factors, ten primary schools with numbers of pupils and teachers were randomly sampled for this research. The instrument used was questionnaire, relevant literatures from both journals, lecture and books were reviewed as to find out the opinion of other authors about the factors responsible for pupils poor performance in. These were trace to the following factors:
1. Inadequate of qualified and experienced teachers.
2. Wrong method of teaching and lack of sufficient literature materials
3. Teachers poor motivation
4. Lack of test books in primary schools
5. Lack of interest and unconducive environment, etc
From the above findings, the following recommendations were made to improve the pupils performance in .
1. The ministry of education should employ adequate number of qualified teachers; provide in-service training for the teachers in the system.
2. The government and the parents/teachers associated (PTA) should jointly provide schools with sufficient instructional materials and teachers by reducing the population of pupils from 80 to 40 pupils from easy management.
3. Teachers should vary their method of teaching to make the lessons interesting to the pupils.
4. The condition of service for teachers should be improved to motivate them by promoting them when due and early payment of salary.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter one
Introduction
Background to the study
Statement of problem
Purpose of the study
Significance of the study
Definition of terms
Chapter two
Literature review
Chapter three
Population of the study
Research instrument
Pupils questionnaire
Method of data collection
Method of data analysis
Chapter four
Analysis and interpretation of data
Discussion of findings
Chapter five
Summary, recommendation and conclusion
Summary
Recommendation
Conclusion
Suggestion for further studies
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Oredo Local Government Area is one of the areas that make up Edo State of Nigeria. The investigation is concerned with the primary schools and junior secondary schools. At this level of education all students offer. The study of has a tremendous role to play in the development of a country. It is concerned with the development of a country. It is concerned with the development of a responsibility for the socializing and humanizing of the child. The focus of this objective is the inculcation of these desirable norms, values, attitudes and behaviour in the growing child to make him fit into the society.
In the light of the above, the objectives of in primary schools and junior secondary schools cannot be overemphasized. According to the national policy on education, in Nigerian primary schools and junior secondary schools should aim at;
a. Developing the right citizenship as a basis for effective participation in contribution to the life of the society.
b. Developing in the child the ability to adopt to his changing environment
c. Inculcating character and moral training and the development of sound mind
d. Beside, the primary school child should develop appreciation of the dignity of man and liberty
e. Developing sense of sympathy and compassion for the less fortunate members of the society
f. Develop sense of respect and tolerance of the opinions of others even in disagreement, and
g. Develop willingness to accept necessary changes
In purchase of these objectives, the study of, create in the individual the awareness to restructure their goals and objectives in line with the acceptable norms and rule of the society. This will lead to the attainment of a just and egalitarian society, a united, strong and self-reliant nation. Today, the national policy on education in Nigeria clearly spelt our status of, particularly in the primary and junior secondary schools. It is to be offered by;
Federal republic of Nigeria: National Policy on Education, Nigerian education research council press, 1981-the pupils as a core subject, implying that, they cannot afford to dispense with it. What needs to make one thoughtful here is that inspite of the present emphasis on science and technology in Nigeria, the national policy on education has given a place of eminence in the scheme of things.
The investigator, aware of this tremendous importance of the study of to the individual and the entire community decided to embark on a study of the problems associated with the teaching of , taking primary school in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State as a case study.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The role of in a developing nation like Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. Suffice it to say that a good knowledge and application of principles of by the citizens of this country will be a great benefit to the nation as a whole. It is a known fact that have not been given a due recognition as a core subject in the past but only now. As a result of recent inclusion in the curriculum as a core subject, there is bound to be factors associated with the teaching and learning of . This investigator wants to look into, such problems militating against the effective teaching and learning of the subject is the acute shortage of the professionally qualified teachers. The number of unqualified teachers our schools is alarming and there is no denying fact that effort effective teaching of any subject is predicated on the caliber of people charged with the responsibility of teaching the subject. Apart from the fact that these set of teachers are not professionally qualified, they care less about teaching personal business at the expense of the children in Oredo L.G.A. Teacher in primary schools is a factor responsible for pupil’s poor performance in .
According to Daily Times opinion, the survey carried out by the National Teacher Institute in November, 1983 showed that out of 300, 000 teachers in the country, 200, 000 a clear two third were unqualified. A pupil trained by quack teacher under bamboo tree or a shade without the barest facilities, we believe is likely to be denied the self fulfillment and confidence that an adequate education give. In schools where there are enough qualified teachers to handle the various subjects, the performance of the pupils differs from those schools with less qualified teachers.
According to Akor (1980), he said that the important of well-qualified and experienced teachers cannot be overemphasized. They are the essential ingredients needed by pupils to learn effectively.
Dr. Titus Olikhens, one time Bendel State commissioner for education, in his article stated that ‘shortage of qualified teachers, insufficient provision of instructional materials and teaching methods and lack of incentives for the study were problems militating against the achievement of the objectives of .
Norman, A. pebble argued that one of the things affecting the effective teaching of teachers to provide better explanation which is traceable to their lack of adequate concept and research method’.
M. B. Oguniyi et al write that ‘many teachers of are not trained. The few trained and qualified ones hardly stay as classroom teachers as they find other forms of employment or to higher institution of learning. Combei and Keeves reported qualification and previous experience, perception of professional role; responsibility goal and interest affect the teaching of . In this context, schools with N.C.E. graduates teachers tend to have better primary six certificate and junior secondary school results than schools with grade II teachers.
Another Problems Noted is Lack of Textbooks
Lack of textbooks is another factors that are responsible for poor performance in . There are no enough and comprehensive books for both the teachers and the pupils or students to use. As a result of non-availability of authentic textbooks, teachers do not give vivid information to the pupils or students in Oredo L.G.A. The few available ones are out-dated.
M. B. Oguniyi et al stated that acute lack of textbooks and other printed materials are inadequate. Funds are not also made readily available for teachers to purchase basic materials needed for improvising apparatus. Also, writing along the same line, I. B. Otitoju stated that many students teachers are likely to find themselves in schools where there are no text books and instructional materials and the students teachers are expected to perform the miracle of teaching pupils , that improvised materials will be of help to the teacher and the pupils. The inability of teachers to make use of improvised materials kills the interest of pupils staying the subjects.
The method of teaching
The method of teaching is another factor responsible for poor performance.
Bajah in his book said that ‘ teaching at all levels of the country is out dated. The norm is the traditional approach with the teacher at the center of activities and with memorization as the prima means of learning. Although memorization has its place, it cannot on its own arouse the pupil’s real interest and imagination, nor can it capture their involvement in the process of learning.
According to Abdullahi (1982), he sated that ‘inspite of orientation courses, some teachers still go back to their schools to teach by the lecture method or textbook method. in this regard, schools where teachers vary their methods of teaching, the pupils tend to understand more than schools were the teachers use the lecture method to impact knowledge to the pupils. Different method of teaching help to cater for the different abilities of pupils in class and more able to understand better’.
According to Maduabum, it is essential for nay teacher of to became acquainted with teaching methods that will help pupils achieve learning objectives’. Commenting further, he said that several methods exist which teachers can utilize to ensure effective learning, such method include demonstration method, discussion method, project method, field trip, play away method etc.
According to Essien (1978) p. 81, he therefore enumerated some common faults in the teaching of in primary schools and junior secondary schools;
· Lack of preparation
· Lack of interest by teachers
· Attempting too much problems in the lesson
The size of the classroom
Following the introduction of the Universal Primary Education (UPE), programme into the country, this caused a gigantic increase in pupils population in primary schools. Some schools have almost eight hundred pupils on roll. However, there is no doubt that less time is available for individual attention to the pupils. In most of the classroom, where group work is done, the classes are so noisy and rowdy and the teachers are unable to control the pupils. Such a situation does not allow for effective learning. Due to the number of pupils in the classroom, the teachers use much of the time meant for teaching in controlling the pupils, as such, much work is done in short time because the teachers will now try to teach every thing fort the period in less time. There will be no time left for the teacher to pay attention to individual pupils with individual difference. This does not give room for effective teaching of and it affect the performance of the pupils in .
Pupils Lack of Interest and Unconducive Environments
Unconducive environment and lack of interest affect their performance in schools. S. G. Tunde (1987) in his lecture said, students tend to shy away and become frustrated from the subject because of their poor and this makes them to be weak academically and others think that social sciences is very easy hence little or no attention is paid to the subjects in the classroom.
A. M. Maduabum (1984) in his book titled “Teaching effectively” said ‘pupils come from different socio-economic background. Some may come from rich family, some from poor families and others from what may be regarded as middle class homes. A pupils performance in school is subject to modifications by the amount of time and the kind of home environment to study in the extra moral activities in which he participate and the manner in which he spent his leisure time, all of which are largely dependent upon the socio-economic status of his parents. For instances, a child who hawks rice, banana, beans after school, and come back home fatigues is not likely to perform better than one who is provided with extra coaching courses at home after school and has a good time to study in a relatively stimulating intellectual environment. He further added that a learner’s entry behaviour is his previous background knowledge, which is related to the lesson at home. It facilitates their understanding of the new lesson if he is reminded of it. He further said that ‘the failure of pupils to grasp complex concepts was due to lack of appropriate cognitive preparation’.
Lack of sufficient instructional materials: lack of sufficient instructional materials generally hinders the teaching and learning of . This fact cannot be over-emphasized, as instructional materials are the only way open to teaching of to support verbal illustration to sustain the pupil interest for a considerable length of times.
M. A. Maduabun pointed out that if is to be properly learned, the classroom for sole reliance on the inadequate school resources will create an undesirable class majority, he therefore suggested that it is described that teacher should endeavor to improve the quality of their teaching through improvisation, so as to make learning a bit more pleasurable act effective. With the proper use of these materials, teaching can be made more meaningful and concrete. The mere use for these materials however, does not guarantee effective teaching. It is therefore carefully selected and skillful handling of these instructional materials by the teachers that will render useful teaching and learning.
M. B. Ogunniyi et al stated that there is active shortage of textbook and other printed materials in our schools. He said that funds are not also made readily available to purchase basic materials needed for improvising, many teachers do not feel motivate to teach.
Teacher’s Poor Motivation
Teacher’s poor motivation is another factor responsible for pupil’s poor performance in .
The frequent strikes by teachers in Oredo L.G.A. of Edo State as a result of poor service conditions clearly shows that teachers are not motivated to teach well. A poorly motivated teacher will teach the subject poorly.
According to M. B. Ogunniyi many teachers of are not trained in the subject, the few trained and qualified ones hardly stay as classroom teachers as they find some other forms of employment or go to higher institution, because they are not motivated.
Teachers salary are not always paid on time. A hungry teacher will not be motivated to teach.
The Personality and Disposition of Teachers
The personality and disposition of teachers for a long way in affecting the social and moral behavior of the pupils or students. The teachers themselves lack the social qualities they want to the pupils to have. Most teachers in this local government are behaves contrary to the expected norms and values of the society. In attempting to find solution to the above problems, the investigators decided to look at the following specific questions;
1. Does the quality of teachers influence academic performance?
2. What role does teachers prepared noted play on academic performances?
3. What role does textbooks play on academic performance?
4. Does teachers personality and disposition influence academic excellence?
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The study is aimed specifically at analyzing and diagnosing the problems or factors responsible for pupils poor performance or factors responsible for pupils poor performance in , and also seek at providing suitable suggestions that will help improve the teaching and learning of in primary and junior secondary school in Oredo L.G.A.
It is hoped that the findings of this project work will be immense benefit to teaching throughout the Local Government Area, since they will be exposed to the factors responsible for pupil’s poor performance in which is bordering the development of education. Thus, enabling them tackle effectively such problems in time.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study hopefully will be useful to teachers in Edo State in general and Oredo L.G.A. in particular. The result of this finding will guide the classroom teacher on the methodology to follow when teaching . it will also be of importance to the pupils as their ability will be improved in relation to their cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. There will an improvement in the pupils thinking ability and their creation skills. It will equally to along way in reforming the individual and making them to conform to the norms and values of the society. In a nation building and national reconstruction for social and economic emancipation of the individual and the Nigerian society.
Besides, it will also inculcate in the pupils spirit of enquire and creativity though the exploration of nature and the local environment. Fro example, make them know the objects around, and what they are used for.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
can be defined as the study of man and his social and physical environment. It is also how man influences the environment and how the environment in turn influences mankind.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR POOR PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN GOVERNMENT IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The success of any organization is highly rated upon the head, boss or the manager of such an enterprise, like business, school or any organization. The leadership impact is desirable in organization to aid easy and maximum success. Leadership is an instructional used in an organization for behaviour modification.
It determines the goals of organization and means of accomplishing them. Therefore, leadership in organization has been seen as motivator whereby one person who is the head motivates others towards, the achievement of specific goals of the organizations. However, fellowship is the essence of leadership, in other words it is willingness of the people to follow that makes a person a leader. Moreover, people follow those perceived to be providing means of achieving their own desires, wants and needs.
In this case, we can see that leadership and motivation are closely interconnected. Motivation enables us appreciate better what people want and why they act as they do.
In secondary school administration, the success of any school to achieve its stated goals or objectives depends on the ability of the chief administrator otherwise known as the principal and his leadership style.
Effective leadership role provided by the principal will lead to the achievement of the school’s goals and objectives. There is on adage which says “Get the right man in the leadership and your problem will be solved”.
Education among other concern is an instrument for effecting national development. As a gender towards this accomplishment, the national policy on education has been formulated. To achieve the stated aims and objectives of the national policy, all stakeholders in the educational sector have different roles to play. At the grass root level, the management available resources rest solely upon the schools principals inclusive in principals roles is the provision of effective administrative skills which cannot be separated from their leadership styles.
The principals’ leadership styles in secondary schools is a pointer the level of productivity of teachers or their job performance. How effective the principal is in performing these roles has been a mother of concern to many educationists (Aghenta, 2000, Ige, 2001).
With the close review of the setbacks being experienced in some secondary schools, pressure groups are agitating for effective leadership styles. It is glaring that some principals have not considered their styles of leadership as the determinants of teachers job performance level. Hence, some principals seem to find it difficult to effectively administer their schools (Gronn, 2000, Adeyemi 2004).
Every school principal is in a unique position as the manager or administrator of the resources in their schools.
The school administrator is a leader of the staff and the students of the school. He is expected to be knowledgeable in the area of administration and should be in nature. He should be able to address difficult issues or problems of different point in time. Leadership is concerned with human experience and energy in an organized group and the concept is also of prime importance to administration. The leadership style of the principal is demonstrated in his abilities which make him to be recognized as leader of a group. Many people strongly believe even when there is an educational plan, good school programme, adequate staff and facilities, what is more important is good administrative leadership to coordinate all these for the progress and success of the school.
Incase, where the leadership style of the principal is ineffective, even the best school programme, the most adequate resources and the most motivational staff and students will be rendered unproductive.
Therefore, the importance of good leadership style in an organization cannot be overemphasized.
It is highly pertinent to know that leadership style is concerned with the invitation, organization and directions of the members of a group in a specific situation towards achieving the objectives of the group. As far as standard of education is concerned in the country, a large section of the people strongly believe that the standard of evaluation falling and the value of education consequently depreciating. Over the years, different reasons have been given for this decline. The society blamed schools for mass promotion of students and teachers were equally blamed left out of the blamed in that they are not paying enough attention to their children’s academic development.
In addition, the government is also being blamed for the failure to meet the needs of the teachers. As a result to this, teachers spend most of their time doing their private business as instead of reading and preparing their lesson notes. All of which is in a bid to make ends meet in the face of economic challenges. The principals of schools were also blamed for failing to do their jobs in exercising their leadership role in their various schools. In the light of the above, there is the urgent need to investigate the impact of the relationship of the principal’s leadership style on teacher’s morals in term of commitment and productivity in secondary school in Ifo Local Government Area of Ogun State.
Students too not left out of the reason for the blame as most of them are not ready to face their studies as required. Teachers and students level of productivity in school determine how the principals’ administrative role and leadership style are rated. The key for an effective leader is the ability to lead effectively, coordinate a complex situation and show concern through prudent manage of human and material resources available.
According to Koontz (1980) “If all school principals can’t rely upon all the subordinates to contribute toward group goal accomplishment with zeal and confidence, there would be no need to develop the act of leadership”. There is always the need to boost the moral of teachers, which will even make them to serve to their maximum capability.
Therefore, among the administrative functions of the principal is to persuade teachers and use his leadership style to coordinate all activities to ensure they contribute willingly to organizational goals. It worth knowing that the improvement of any educational institution depends on quality of its teachers. The main objectives of any educational system is to promote teaching and learning process. Teachers are therefore expected to be committed to facilitate the teaching process. To ensure the possibility, principals too must provide conductive atmosphere for their teachers. The type of leadership style being operated in the school will make staff in schools to be inspired, zealous and co-operate to work harmoniously with the principal.
Educational objectives can only be achieved with the full co-operation of the school community. effective administrative leadership involves the understanding of the behavior of members.
To be led in any organization or institution of learning. this understanding is necessary especially where team members include professional qualified specialists.
Homan, G.C. and the Human Group: New York Harcourt Brace and World Inc. (1950) stated that belief of people that the efficiency with which any school organization can be operated depends to a large extent on the effectiveness of the teachers on their jobs, both individually and collectively. The issues of teachers performance in the classroom, based on principals leadership style is a concern of this project.
The question of what factor generally influence teachers morale is amply discussed in several literatures a summary of which is simply presented by Lawler (1996) thus:
In addition to being influence by motivation, productivity is affected by workers ability and a number of situational and environmental factors. The objectives of the school will not be achieved if there is no harmony in the school between teachers performance and principal’s leadership style.
Moreover, it will be erroneous to conclude that all school principals in this country fail to acknowledge the significance of good human relation. It is evident that leadership approach vary from one principal to the an other as a result of prevailing situation.
“What can be said to be true about one situational environment may not be true about another. What may be wise action in one situation may be wise action in one situation may be unwise in another. The understanding of the existence of a great variety of patterns, conditions and responses in the beginning of wisdom of approaching the problem of leadership style.
The statement could be viewed as signifying that effective leadership should take into account people, process and the system. The need for effective interaction between the staff and the leader in the school system cannot be overemphasized, when one considers the fact that no school problem can be treated effectively without the involvement of all concerned.
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- To find out the most commonly used leadership style among principals in Ifo Local Government Area
- To examine if there is any significant relationship between principal and leadership style and job performance
- To investigate the differences in teachers’ job performance under principals using autocratic leadership style and those using democratic leadership style
- To discuss the differences in teachers’ job performance in schools having principals using autocratic leadership style and in schools using autocratic leadership style
- To contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the need to employ better leadership style to boost teachers’ productivity.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The relationship between principals’ leadership style and teachers’ job performance has been a subject of controversy by many researchers. The controversy was centered on whether or not the style of leadership of principals influences the level of job performance among teachers. Common observation in the school system shows that the style of leadership of a principal could perhaps have serious impact on teachers’ job performance.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- Which leadership style is most commonly used by principals in secondary schools in Ifo Local Government Area?
- Is there any significant relationship between principals’ leadership style and teacher performance?
- Is there any significant difference in teaches’ job performance in schools having principals using autocratic leadership style and in schools having principals using democratic leadership styles?
- Is there any significance difference in teachers’ job performance in schools having principals using democratic leadership style and in schools having principals using laissez-faire leadership style?
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The extent to which the various leadership approaches by secondary school principals has influenced the teaching learning situation is an important area of investigation. The study will enable us examine the influence of the relationship and the school work and to examine the nature of the principal behavior towards the staff and students and to examine the key position held by principal in school organization.
Finally, it enables to examine the crucially of human input such as teachers to school organization and the damage a principals bad behaviour may do the school organization.
In addition, principals of school are always regarded by their teachers as leaders in the administration and in school board of education, parents and teachers and other various public people usually hold principal responsible for success and failure of school organization. In the light of this, the study finds out the extent to which principal’s style or behavior contribute to high or low performance of both staffs and students in school. The out-come of this study would be of significance to:
i. The practicing educational administrator/principal.
ii. Educational administrators in training and
iii. Local State board and ministry of education officials.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
For easy data analysis, cost reduction and avoidance of complexity that may arise due to large population , five schools have been selected. In most cases the characteristics of teachers are generally similar hence this research findings will be generalized to include all teachers in secondary schools.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
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Tags: THE INFLUENCE OF FEMALE PRINCIPAL’S LEADERSHIP STYLES AND TEACHERS COMMITMENT TO WORK IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The success of any organization is highly rated upon the head, boss or the manager of such an enterprise, like business, school or any organization. The leadership impact is desirable in organization to aid easy and maximum success. Leadership is an instructional used in an organization for behaviour modification.
It determines the goals of organization and means of accomplishing them. Therefore, leadership in organization has been seen as motivator whereby one person who is the head motivates others towards, the achievement of specific goals of the organizations. However, fellowship is the essence of leadership, in other words it is willingness of the people to follow that makes a person a leader. Moreover, people follow those perceived to be providing means of achieving their own desires, wants and needs.
In this case, we can see that leadership and motivation are closely interconnected. Motivation enables us appreciate better what people want and why they act as they do.
In secondary school administration, the success of any school to achieve its stated goals or objectives depends on the ability of the chief administrator otherwise known as the principal and his leadership style.
Effective leadership role provided by the principal will lead to the achievement of the school’s goals and objectives. There is on adage which says “Get the right man in the leadership and your problem will be solved”.
Education among other concern is an instrument for effecting national development. As a gender towards this accomplishment, the national policy on education has been formulated. To achieve the stated aims and objectives of the national policy, all stakeholders in the educational sector have different roles to play. At the grass root level, the management available resources rest solely upon the schools principals inclusive in principals roles is the provision of effective administrative skills which cannot be separated from their leadership styles.
The principals’ leadership styles in secondary schools is a pointer the level of productivity of teachers or their job performance. How effective the principal is in performing these roles has been a mother of concern to many educationists (Aghenta, 2000, Ige, 2001).
With the close review of the setbacks being experienced in some secondary schools, pressure groups are agitating for effective leadership styles. It is glaring that some principals have not considered their styles of leadership as the determinants of teachers job performance level. Hence, some principals seem to find it difficult to effectively administer their schools (Gronn, 2000, Adeyemi 2004).
Every school principal is in a unique position as the manager or administrator of the resources in their schools.
The school administrator is a leader of the staff and the students of the school. He is expected to be knowledgeable in the area of administration and should be in nature. He should be able to address difficult issues or problems of different point in time. Leadership is concerned with human experience and energy in an organized group and the concept is also of prime importance to administration. The leadership style of the principal is demonstrated in his abilities which make him to be recognized as leader of a group. Many people strongly believe even when there is an educational plan, good school programme, adequate staff and facilities, what is more important is good administrative leadership to coordinate all these for the progress and success of the school.
Incase, where the leadership style of the principal is ineffective, even the best school programme, the most adequate resources and the most motivational staff and students will be rendered unproductive.
Therefore, the importance of good leadership style in an organization cannot be overemphasized.
It is highly pertinent to know that leadership style is concerned with the invitation, organization and directions of the members of a group in a specific situation towards achieving the objectives of the group. As far as standard of education is concerned in the country, a large section of the people strongly believe that the standard of evaluation falling and the value of education consequently depreciating. Over the years, different reasons have been given for this decline. The society blamed schools for mass promotion of students and teachers were equally blamed left out of the blamed in that they are not paying enough attention to their children’s academic development.
In addition, the government is also being blamed for the failure to meet the needs of the teachers. As a result to this, teachers spend most of their time doing their private business as instead of reading and preparing their lesson notes. All of which is in a bid to make ends meet in the face of economic challenges. The principals of schools were also blamed for failing to do their jobs in exercising their leadership role in their various schools. In the light of the above, there is the urgent need to investigate the impact of the relationship of the principal’s leadership style on teacher’s morals in term of commitment and productivity in secondary school in Ifo Local Government Area of Ogun State.
Students too not left out of the reason for the blame as most of them are not ready to face their studies as required. Teachers and students level of productivity in school determine how the principals’ administrative role and leadership style are rated. The key for an effective leader is the ability to lead effectively, coordinate a complex situation and show concern through prudent manage of human and material resources available.
According to Koontz (1980) “If all school principals can’t rely upon all the subordinates to contribute toward group goal accomplishment with zeal and confidence, there would be no need to develop the act of leadership”. There is always the need to boost the moral of teachers, which will even make them to serve to their maximum capability.
Therefore, among the administrative functions of the principal is to persuade teachers and use his leadership style to coordinate all activities to ensure they contribute willingly to organizational goals. It worth knowing that the improvement of any educational institution depends on quality of its teachers. The main objectives of any educational system is to promote teaching and learning process. Teachers are therefore expected to be committed to facilitate the teaching process. To ensure the possibility, principals too must provide conductive atmosphere for their teachers. The type of leadership style being operated in the school will make staff in schools to be inspired, zealous and co-operate to work harmoniously with the principal.
Educational objectives can only be achieved with the full co-operation of the school community. effective administrative leadership involves the understanding of the behavior of members.
To be led in any organization or institution of learning. this understanding is necessary especially where team members include professional qualified specialists.
Homan, G.C. and the Human Group: New York Harcourt Brace and World Inc. (1950) stated that belief of people that the efficiency with which any school organization can be operated depends to a large extent on the effectiveness of the teachers on their jobs, both individually and collectively. The issues of teachers performance in the classroom, based on principals leadership style is a concern of this project.
The question of what factor generally influence teachers morale is amply discussed in several literatures a summary of which is simply presented by Lawler (1996) thus:
In addition to being influence by motivation, productivity is affected by workers ability and a number of situational and environmental factors. The objectives of the school will not be achieved if there is no harmony in the school between teachers performance and principal’s leadership style.
Moreover, it will be erroneous to conclude that all school principals in this country fail to acknowledge the significance of good human relation. It is evident that leadership approach vary from one principal to the an other as a result of prevailing situation.
“What can be said to be true about one situational environment may not be true about another. What may be wise action in one situation may be wise action in one situation may be unwise in another. The understanding of the existence of a great variety of patterns, conditions and responses in the beginning of wisdom of approaching the problem of leadership style.
The statement could be viewed as signifying that effective leadership should take into account people, process and the system. The need for effective interaction between the staff and the leader in the school system cannot be overemphasized, when one considers the fact that no school problem can be treated effectively without the involvement of all concerned.
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- To find out the most commonly used leadership style among principals in Ifo Local Government Area
- To examine if there is any significant relationship between principal and leadership style and job performance
- To investigate the differences in teachers’ job performance under principals using autocratic leadership style and those using democratic leadership style
- To discuss the differences in teachers’ job performance in schools having principals using autocratic leadership style and in schools using autocratic leadership style
- To contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the need to employ better leadership style to boost teachers’ productivity.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The relationship between principals’ leadership style and teachers’ job performance has been a subject of controversy by many researchers. The controversy was centered on whether or not the style of leadership of principals influences the level of job performance among teachers. Common observation in the school system shows that the style of leadership of a principal could perhaps have serious impact on teachers’ job performance.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- Which leadership style is most commonly used by principals in secondary schools in Ifo Local Government Area?
- Is there any significant relationship between principals’ leadership style and teacher performance?
- Is there any significant difference in teaches’ job performance in schools having principals using autocratic leadership style and in schools having principals using democratic leadership styles?
- Is there any significance difference in teachers’ job performance in schools having principals using democratic leadership style and in schools having principals using laissez-faire leadership style?
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The extent to which the various leadership approaches by secondary school principals has influenced the teaching learning situation is an important area of investigation. The study will enable us examine the influence of the relationship and the school work and to examine the nature of the principal behavior towards the staff and students and to examine the key position held by principal in school organization.
Finally, it enables to examine the crucially of human input such as teachers to school organization and the damage a principals bad behaviour may do the school organization.
In addition, principals of school are always regarded by their teachers as leaders in the administration and in school board of education, parents and teachers and other various public people usually hold principal responsible for success and failure of school organization. In the light of this, the study finds out the extent to which principal’s style or behavior contribute to high or low performance of both staffs and students in school. The out-come of this study would be of significance to:
i. The practicing educational administrator/principal.
ii. Educational administrators in training and
iii. Local State board and ministry of education officials.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
For easy data analysis, cost reduction and avoidance of complexity that may arise due to large population , five schools have been selected. In most cases the characteristics of teachers are generally similar hence this research findings will be generalized to include all teachers in secondary schools.
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Tags: THE INFLUENCE OF FEMALE PRINCIPAL’S LEADERSHIP STYLES AND TEACHERS COMMITMENT TO WORK IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This work discusses the impact of information technology on students’ academic performance in some selected schools on bwari area council, fct abuja
. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among students and teachers from selected secondary schools in bwari area council, fct abuja. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that information technology have a strong and significant impact on students’ academic performance in some selected schools
.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
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OR
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Tags: FCT ABUJA, THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SOME SELECTED SCHOOLS ON BWARI AREA COUNCIL
ABSTRACT
This work discusses the impact of information technology on students’ academic performance in some selected schools on bwari area council, fct abuja
. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among students and teachers from selected secondary schools in bwari area council, fct abuja. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that information technology have a strong and significant impact on students’ academic performance in some selected schools
.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
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OR
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Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
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CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
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www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
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www.worldofnolimit.com
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www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
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Tags: FCT ABUJA, THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SOME SELECTED SCHOOLS ON BWARI AREA COUNCIL
ABSTRACT
This work discusses the significance of lesson note in teaching in secondary schools in nigeria. a case study of pankshin local government area of plateau state. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among students and teachers from selected secondary schools in pankshin local government area of plateau state. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that lesson notes have a strong and significant positive impact in teaching in secondary schools in nigeria
.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#20000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
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(2) Email Address
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We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
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www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LESSON NOTE IN TEACHING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF PANKSHIN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF PLATEAU STATE
ABSTRACT
This work discusses the significance of lesson note in teaching in secondary schools in nigeria. a case study of pankshin local government area of plateau state. A hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed among students and teachers from selected secondary schools in pankshin local government area of plateau state. Interviews and surveys were also conducted.
Primary and secondary data will be used in the analysis. Tables and percentages will also be used as the instrument of analysis
It will be observed therefore that lesson notes have a strong and significant positive impact in teaching in secondary schools in nigeria
.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#25000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08139462710 or 08137701720
YOU CAN ALSO CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420
Visit any of our project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
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www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LESSON NOTE IN TEACHING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF PANKSHIN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF PLATEAU STATE
