WOMEN INVOLVEMENT IN COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF EKU IN ETHIOPE EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE)

WOMEN INVOLVEMENT IN COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA
(A CASE STUDY OF EKU IN ETHIOPE EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE)

ABSTRACT

From the time of creation till date, expect in the recent time, whom have been seen generally especially by the male folk as second-class citizens, more especially in the less developed countries.
This has led to various misconceptions and bickering between the male and female group despite all efforts of women towards the development of there various communities. Even when it is obvious that women are taking the lead and vigorously help the spouses in executing various developmental projects their activities are rarely appreciated.
The purpose of this study therefore was to conduct an investigation into the contribution of Eku of the community development efforts of Eku as a case study in the “involvement of women in community development in Nigeria.” Specifically it is against this background that the researcher set out six research questions and three-research hypothesis to aid the study.
A total of 94 respondents were sampled to respond to the questionnaire, which was the main research instrument. These were distributed to the women who participate in economic Development through their community development efforts in Eku. The responses by the women were analyzed by the use of percentage.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content

CHAPTER ONE
1.0   INTRODUCTION
1.1   Background of the study
1.2   Statement of the problem
1.3   Purpose of the study
1.4   Scope of the study
1.5   Research hypothesis
1.6   Significance of the study
Reference

CHAPTER TWO
2.0   LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1   Background and Concept of Community Development in Nigeria.
2.2   Women involvement in economic/ community development.
2.3   Impediments.
2.4   Suggestion and efforts for the further.
Reference

CHAPTER THREE
3.0   RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY.
3.1   Research design.
3.2   Area of study.
3.3   Population of the study
3.4   Sample and sampling Technique.
3.5   Instrument for Data collection
3.6   Validation of the instrument
3.7   Reliability of the instrument
3.8   Method of Data collection
3.9   Method of Data Analysis
Reference

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0   DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS.
4.1    Data presentation and Analysis.
4.2   Testing of hypothesis.
4.3   Summary of results.
Reference:

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0   DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATION AND
5.1   Discussion of results/findings
5.2   Conclusion
5.3   Implications of the research findings
5.4   Recommendation
5.5   Suggestion for further research
Bibliography and references
Appendices

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The study will place emphasis on the community development efforts of women in the economic development in Nigeria.
Community development involves some kind of co-operative actions by every member of a particular community to improve the well being or welfare of town members, Battern, R.T.R. (1957, p.8) in recent times, there has been noticeable change in people’s community development as the great provider. There is now remarkable awareness that the people can now develop their community through their own efforts and with their own resources, since the states or local government, government to which people look upon her help could not attract enough revenue from the federal government to come to their rescue.
It is against this background that people organized themselves into groups for self-help activities in communities most of these condition of their members and the community in general. Many areas they focus their attentions include the construction and building of rural road, schools, health centers, village halls, clinics, market, garri processing machines, oil processing machines and so on.
In Ethiope East for instance with a particular reference to Eku where most of these infrastruture are not available, women as vehicles for community development have now found themselves providing some of these amenities through their various groups. It is based on this that the research sought to identify the extent those women groups have gone in their development activities since their men are chiming to be at the forefront of every development activities.
But if the recent development in the affairs and attitude of women towards economics development are anything to go by them, I can be in a better positions to appreciate the roles played by the recent past. First ladies of this nation of Nigeria for example. Think of the development initiatives and activities carried out by Mrs. Maryam Babangida under the better life for rural women programmes. Recall the activities of Mrs. Maryam Abacha under FEAP.
In the international forum, mention must be made of reputable women like Imelda Marcus of the Philippines, Margate Ihatcher of Britain Winnie Mandela of South Africa and recently modline Albright to mention but a few.
Women natural are tender hearted, no wonder their roles in the family are indispensable, those roles are variously carried are into their immediate environment, hence they (women) are able to identify easily those economic areas where their activities greatly affects and enhance the lives of many. It is expect therefore that these work will contribute its quota to the eradication of this nation that the place of the women is in the kitchen, they deserve mush more positive recognition then that as shall be revealed by this work.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The problem this study out to examine is the extent women in Ethiope East with a particular reference to Eku Community have been involved in community development, since literature an women and development reviewed depicts women as the backbone of community development.

The need there arise to discover how Eku women have tried to accomplish this through their various projects and programmes. How their efforts have enhanced the quality of life of Eku people in general.

1.3   PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The sole aim of this research is to study the various contributions of Eku women to the community/economic development. Because of this, the study has set out to investigation that issue with the following aim:-
i.   To examine the characteristics of females regarded as women.
ii.   To find out the various community project(s) or programmes(s) embarked upon by these women.
iii.   To find out their objectives for embarking on such project(s) or programme(s).
iv.   To find out whether their activities promote hamper development.
v.   To find out how the project(s) or programme(s) are being financed.
vi.   To find out the problems the women encounter in carrying out their community development programme.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is intended to examine the various contributions of women in Ethiope with reference to Eku in Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State. The contribution made by women in other neigbouring communities are however not be included.
Consequently, the study is going to focus on the various project(s) or programmes(s) of women groups involved in community development in Eku. The area to be studied are Igun, Samagidi, Sanubi and Echi.
In each village, sample of all women groups that take part in community development project(s) or programme(s) are to be studied. The study specially will be find out the extent to which women have used these projects or programmes in contributing to economic/community development.

1.5   RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis is an intelligent guess of the solution to the research problem. A hypothesis may also viewed as a conjectural proposition, an informed, intelligent guess about the solution to the problem (Orjih, 1996. 145) the following are the research hypothesis:
Ho:   The various community development project embarked by women do not bring new things.
Hi:   The various community development projects embarked by women have brought new things.
Ho:   Women do not encounter problems while carrying out the projects.
Hi:   Women encounter problems while carrying out the projects.
Ho:   The objectives of the projects are not well understood by other women in the community.
Hi:   The objectives of the projects are well understood by the other women in the community.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Research is carried out because we want to solve a problem(s) and if the problem is solved that means it will benefit those who are affected by the problem, Ozo, Odo Anih, Ugwu (1999, p. 30).
It is clear that this that type of study never been made in some community including Eku. Although the research is carried out to fulfill an academic requirement it will also go beyond that scope encouraging more meaningful and conscious development efforts on the part of women.

This study will also well help to stimulate community development department of Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State to seek the opinion of women in planning any community development. This will also serve as a guide to other researcher.

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Tags: WOMEN INVOLVEMENT IN COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF EKU IN ETHIOPE EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE)

7 years ago 0 Comments Short URL

URBANIZATION A PROBLEM TO FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT. A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE

URBANIZATION A PROBLEM TO FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT.
A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE

ABSTRACT

In this research on Urbanization – A problem to Food Production and Agricultural development in Enugu State, effort were made to address issues that are related to the problems, cause, effects, challenges, practice and solutions to the future management as it Concerns man and his environment and his economic system, health security as well as food through agriculture and its related sectors.
However, urbanization has been the problem of the world today especially in Enugu State it has taken its stand through the regional development which was enhanced by Evolution of Industrial Technologies, coupled with migration population movement of the people, which contributed grossly to the problem facing food and Agriculture in the state.
These has been found as the major causes of food scarcity, disease, hunger and other related environmental hazards across the state.
Furthermore, there is need for an legend attention to be given as to arrest its havoc and by may doing. Create a good system of equitable redistribution of technological method to agricultural sector, and provide funding to all the sectors. And to check mate the raising harzard which Urbanization Constitutes in our environment today.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY:
In this study, we are focusing on two major issues, which are closely related to one aspect of development that has posed a great threat to the other and can easily engulf it. If adequate attention is not given to arrest and manage each problem as it concerns the other.
In this topic, the problem here rests on urbanization-a PROBLEM TO FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ENUGU STATE.
In definition, the word Urbanization are derived from the former word urban, which were mainly known as a place where different people with different interest from other parts of the services in Country or state exchange goods and services in Common, with higher concentration of people dwelling in such place for their enormous activities. The latter Urbanization is based on the larger development of certain environment in our society, for example, State, Local Towns and Villages by higher Concentration of people and infrastructures, such as high network roads, school, markets Churches, hospitals offices, Industries, railways and airports factories communication outfits, as well as dwelling places, which were enhanced by evolution of industrial technologies.
While the other food production and Agricultural Development were based on natural resources.
Surrounding Our environment, for example, rich fertile Soil, Plants crops, animals of all kind and other minerals that system the people in their given environment.
However it has been a problem based on inability to produce enough food materials and to the sustainability of its growth and development in our Society as enough consideration has not been given to our natural and physical resources another agricultural sector.
Today, due to high rate of Urbanization in Enugu State and its environs, most natural and physical elements that promote good health and agricultural – occupational development of the economic well being of the people are easily neglected to Urbanization and its socio-politics-economic pursuits.
In recent past as the activities of trade merchants increased in certain towns, such places were placed to be the seat of authority, so as to maintain law and order and to regulate rules, which will guide the people, especially for collection of taxes in such areas.
Basically, the advent of technology which come to stay completed more people to focus on new ideas of sustaining a living, and people also began to develop by increasing mental knowledge, thereby Greating more easy going jobs.
In any way, this did not go down well especially in Enugu State, because of lack of equal redistribution of technological ideas to different sectors, of the people.
TABLE OF CONTENT:

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1     Background of the Study
1.2     Statement of the Research Problem
1.3     Objectives of the Study
1.4     Significance of the Study
1.5     Research Questions
1.6     Research Hypothesis
1.7     Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8     Assumptions
1.9     Limitations of the Study

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     Sources of Literature
2.2     The Review
2.3     Summary of Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1     Research Method
3.2     Research Design
3.3     Research Sample
3.4     Measuring Instrument
3.5     Data Collection
3.6     Data Analysis
3.7     Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1     Data Analysis
4.2     Results
4.3     Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1     Summary
5.2     Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography

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7 years ago 0 Comments Short URL

TRAINING DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION AS A MEANS OF BOOSTING EMPLOYEE MORALE IN AN ORGANIZATION A CASE STUDY OF CADBURY NIGERIA PLC LAGOS

TRAINING DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION AS A MEANS OF BOOSTING EMPLOYEE MORALE IN AN ORGANIZATION
A CASE STUDY OF CADBURY NIGERIA PLC LAGOS

TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE
1.0   Introduction
1.1   Background of the Study
1.2   Statement of the Problem
1.3   Purpose of the Study
1.4   scope of the Study
1.5   Research Question
1.6   Significance of the Study
1.7   Definition of Terms
Reference
CHAPTER TWO
2.1   Review of Relevant Theory
2.2   Learning Theory
2.3   Training Team and Their Functions
2.4   Importance of Training and Development                    Review Training Needs
2.6   Planning Training Needs
2.7   Assessing Training at Various Levels                        Methods and Technique for Training and Development
2.9   Criteria for Training Selection
2.10   Management Development
2.11   Methods and Techniques for Development
2.12   Evaluation of Training Programme
Reference

CHAPTER THREE
3.0   Research Design and Methodology
3.1   Research Design
3.2   Area of Study
3.3   Population and Study
3.4   Sampling and Sampling Procedure
3.5   Instrument for Data Collection
3.6   Validation of the Research Instrument
3.7   Reliability of the Research Instrument
3.8   Method of Administration of the Research Instrument
3.9   Reference

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Presentation and Analysis
Reference

CHAPTER FIVE
5.1   Discussion of Findings
5.2   Conclusion
5.3   Implications of the Finding
5.4   Recommendations
5.5   Suggestion for further research
5.6   Limitation
5.7   Summary
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Every Organization be it people or private has the primary aim of achieving the organizational goals for which it was being set up.
These goals can only be achieved by the judicious acquisition and effective utilization of its man power resources.
According to E.F.L. Brech (1976) Management in principle Pg. 10 Training and Development this is an aspect of management practice wherein a good deal of realistic and reliable knowledge is called for as well as the expertise to be able to interpret and translate the disclosed needs into the ways and means of improvement.
Generally guidance on this matter is not easy to offer and it could be unwise if allowed to become the substitute for expert assistance.
This is also important that the programmes for development whether by training (learning) or by others means, should allow for and encourage the self-help efforts of gained from this factor improving competence. There is major benefit to be gained too, from wise counseling by older and senior mangers. This is particularly true when the improvements called for lie the direction of personal attitude, of behaviour towards colleagues and subordinates or of judgment and decision. Such counseling should not occur only at the periodic appraisal reviews but, should rather be a feature of the everyday exercise of the managerial roles.
According to Lawrence L. Bethel, Franklin S. at water, George H.E. Smith, Harvey A. Stackman, Jr. and James L. Riggs, industrial Organization and Management Fifth Edition Pg. 427 says larger companies have been giving increasing attention to the training and development of management members above the foremen level: department heads, staff assistants and officers. The systematic inventory of executive potential which highlights the training need, the essence of this is a self-evaluation of training and experiences a soul-searching analysis present performance and a selection of specific items to be improved. If a man can recognized his own weaknesses and find means to strengthen them, this is one of the best forms of executive development.
Therefore, no organization can progress, grow and excel without training and promoting its working force for high productivity and efficiency. However in a growing economy like Nigeria there is likely to be high rate of managerial turnover and because of these, gap many arise in the managerial structure of the industry, in filling these gaps, skilled people from different sectors are appraised and will need to be trained and development in order to fit the specific needs of management.
Manpower is one of the vital resources of any organization and it plays a vital role in development of the nation. Land capital and manpower and the basic factors of production, it is pertinent to know that manpower is the most important of all these factors, this is because when there is no manpower the other factors can not operate.
In almost the 3rd world countries in which Nigeria belongs to, the major hindrance to the successful implementation of national development plan since our independence in 1960 is our inability to develop highly rich resource of manpower; lack of development of our social economic sphere often lead to disintegration of our indigenous industry growth.
Speight (1989) editor in the book title the science of price, wrote that income is the product of human efforts acting upon or aided by other resource, it follows that income could always be increased by the application of more human effort to scarce resources. A country that cannot develop the skill and knowledge of its human resource and utilized them effectively in the national economy cannot develop anything else.
In addition, if a country fails to train develop and promote the necessary class of people in a way that is expected of such country, it would not produce positively rather such country will remain unproductive.
Basically, the success of any organization will depend on the effective use of human resources available to that organization. At any point in time in the life of the organization there should be the right number of employees with the right level of skill doing the right job at the right time and performing the right activities with the aim of achieving the right objective. In effect every manager in an organization has a number of assets at his disposal he is accustomed to view physical assert, like plants and machinery as an investment on which he expects a reasonable return.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE ORGANIZATION
Cadbury Nigeria Plc, is one of the largest manufacturers of confectioneries in Nigeria to day Cadbury Nigeria Plc, started as an off short of Cadbury fry export limited, a British company primary engaged in the purchase of cocoa from the west coast of Africa.
Cadbury Nigeria Plc, was effectively started in Nigeria in the 9th day of January 1966 with the setting up of factory at Agidingbin village near Ikeja and this was mainly due to the encouraging sales of pronto which, it experienced during the year 1956 to 1966, from a staff strength of 268 workers, it grew to a total of 2,000 workers of which, 200 are management and supervisory staff and also has sales depot all over the federation.
Cadbury Nigeria Plc, started with a depot in 1959, this depot was extended to include a small production unit which packed bulk supplied of pronto and Bornvita from England.
In 1964 due to the rise in sales complete manufacturing schemes for production was established and production of Bornvita started in 1965. During the years 1963 and 1964 a lot of research work was undertaken with the object of introducing new products which has been specially developed for the Nigeria market and as a result, two new products were introduced. Goody-Goody and Tomapep and they were launched in 1966. In the past 35 years, Cadbury Nigeria Plc has grown to be amongst one of the heading manufacturing industries in Nigeria with over N2million fixed assets. Cadbury Nigeria Plc has its own headquarters in United Kingdom (U.K) known as Cadbury Schweppes Group of U.K.
Other products being produced now include Malta-sweet, butter-mint, Knor cube, Dawadawa cube, Trebor brand confectionery, Éclairs chocolate sweet e.t.c.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Before now, organizations are known for training and development, due to their personnel and because of the huge amount of money involved hence they recruit employee and this does not only affect company’s image but reduces out put because of the inexperience of some of the employed staff.
The researcher now wants to look into these conditions to see why there is no effective training, development and promotion of staff within the company.

1.3   PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The efficiency of an organization can be measured by the degree to which the organization excels in carrying out its’ business operations.
This study is concerned with: Finding out the methods adopted by organizations increasing eh overall effectiveness of its managerial cadre through training, promotion and development, and they are as follows: –
i.   To find out if there has been a training, development and promotion in their policy at all.
ii.   To identify the cadre those are sent for this training and development. To ascertain whether the program is still in existence
iii.   To determine the training and development methods adopted by the organization.
iv.   To find out whether workers are promoted as and when due.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Due to logistic reason the choice of respondents was limited to the Cadbury Nigeria Plc headquarter.
The refused of some of the respondent to answer some of eh questions.
Some of the questions provided also added to some of problems, thereby limiting researcher in making accurate deduction.
Some of the questionnaires were not seen for further accuracy of the research.

1.5   RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.   Does Cadbury Nigeria Plc have training and development package in their policy?
2.   Do training, promotion and development of staff enhance level of productivity in the organization?
3.   What cadres of workers are sent for training development?
4.   Do training development and promotion motive workers?
5.   Do promotion, development and training reduce the rate of managerial turnover?
6.   Do training, development and promotions boost workers morale for increasing productivity?
7.   How often do employees go for training?

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study will help all the companies especially Cadbury Nig. Plc. to find out if their training, promotion and development enhance productivity leads to a reduction in a managerial turnover and to show if it serves as a means of booster to the employee.

1.7 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Training: – Is the organized behaviour by which people learn knowledge. It is main objective is to achieve a change in the behaviour of those trained. Looking at training from industrial point of view training means that trainees shall acquire new manipulative skills, technical knowledge and problem solving ability.
Development: – This can be described as growth or advancement in any form, be it political, social or economical. It can also be described as the positive outcome of knowledge acquire through training.
Promotion: – This can be seen as a result of a successful completion of training or the reward of a brilliant performance of an employee within his working environment.
Manpower: – Is the human resources in the organization for output.
Managerial Shortage: – This can be refer to a situation whereby the staff under the organization did not gain interim of training promotion and development
Turnover: – Rate at which staff leave the organization.
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Tags: TRAINING DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION AS A MEANS OF BOOSTING EMPLOYEE MORALE IN AN ORGANIZATION A CASE STUDY OF CADBURY NIGERIA PLC LAGOS

7 years ago 0 Comments Short URL

THE ROLE OF CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA AND MERCHANT BANKS IN FINANCIAL INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN NIGERIA

TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.1   INTRODUCTION
1.2   DEFINITION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
1.3   AIMS OF THE STUDY
1.4   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.5   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.6   SCOPE AND LIMITATION
1.7   HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MERCHANT BANKING IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
2.1.   NIGERIAN BANKING SYSTEM
2.2 INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES IN NIGERIA
2.3 BALANCING OF PAYMENT AND NIGERIAN FOREIGN TRADE
2.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA’S BALANCE OF PAYMENT
2.5   PRINCIPLE OF COMPARATIVE COST
2.6   TRADE RESTRICTIONS
2.7 INTERNATIONAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF THE NIGERIA ECONOMY
2.8   THE BENEFIT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
2.9   FUNCTIONS OF MERCHANT BANKS
2.10 FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL BANK OD NIGERIA
2.11 THE ROLE OF THE MERCHANT BANKS IN FINANCING INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN NIGERIA
2.12 THE ROLES OF CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA IN FINANCING INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN NIGERIA
2.13   INSTRUMENTS OF FOREIGN PAYMENT
2.14   SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW
2.15 SUMMARY OF PROCEDURE IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE.
CHAPTER THREE
3.1   METHODOLOGY
3.2   SAMPLING PROCEDURES
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1   ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS
4.2   QUESTIONNAIRES
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1   SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
5.2   RECOMMENDATIONS
5.3   CONCLUSION

CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The role of international in the acceleration of political and socio – economic development of any nation deserves a good study. The term international trade refers to the trading operation conducted beyond national boundaries otherwise called export and import. It enables one country t have access to those commodities they could not possible produce themselves. Thus a country is able to shift its industry to those products and services for which its resources are most suitable exporting its resources in exchange for the specially of other countries.

Currently in Nigeria, the export growth rate is shown and correctly perceived as a major ousted to accelerated development and in other to avert this, virile export oriented strategies should be evolved. The import and export sector of any economy has to be nurtured, protected and promoted to enhance its positive and meaningful contributions to the survival of the economic system. Apart from government incentives, private and public companies, assistance and specialized financial institutional support, banking institutions play vital roles in financing international trade. As a result of this, it becomes necessary to study the roles of merchant banks and central bank of Nigeria in financing this international trade in Nigeria.

The central bank stored as the apex of the banking system of every country. It is the government representatives in the banking sector and acts mainly as banker to the government.

It acts as banker and adviser to the federal government banks, merchant banks and other financial institutions. It also has the monopoly of issuing legal tender currency in Nigeria and materials external reserves in order to safeguard the international value of the currency, promote monetary stability and sound financial structure.
In relation to international trade the central bank determines what and how much to approve in the areas within its justification such as payment for visible and invisible imports and controls in inflow of foreign exchange earnings from export. It processes exchange control application and makes foreign exchange allocation to qualifying applicants, assist in the monitoring and in the formulation of policies designed to ensure the optimum employment and conservation of the country’s foreign exchange earnings.

Apart from the rules played by the central bank in the international trade, there are two other licensed banks that supplement its rates. The commercial bank and the merchant banks. The commercial banks are referred to as retail banks because of the nature of their operations. They operate through a network of branches throughout the country and have board deposit base. That is the commercial banks accepts deposits from all and not from a particular sources (The deposits are usually called demand deposits).

The second category of the licensed banks is the merchant banks, which are wholesale bankers in the sense that their deposits are usually in very large blocks. They operated from few branches in the commercial centers of this country. They also accept deposits from the public and private co-operations as well as wealthy individuals; their functions include medium and long-term financing, investment. Management, management of unit trust, debt factories equipment leasing and issuing and acceptance of bills of exchange.

As regards international trade the merchant banks have acquired a reputation for fast and efficient processing of international business transactions such as foreign exchange for companies engaged in importing and exporting of capital goods, the merchant banks provide services which include the processing of remittance and documentary draft for collection and letters of credit. From the foregoing, the central bank and the merchant banks are indispensable as for as international trade is concerned and as such deserved a good study.

2.2 a. DEFINITION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
International trade is the movement of goods and services between countries such that one country is able to shift its industry to those products and services for which its resources are most suitable, exporting its resources in exchange for the specialty of other countries.

b. CENTRAL BANK
It is defined by functions it performs, it is the nations bank charged with the issuing of legal tender, maintaining external reserves, supervisor of other banks, promoting of monetary stability, adviser to the government on financial matters and maintaining sound financial structure.
c. MERCHANT BANK
A merchant bank is any financial institution that engages in wholesale banking, median and long-term financing, investment management, management of unit trust, debt fractioning, equipment leasing and issue and acceptance of bills of exchange.

1.3 AIMS OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to give an overview of the activities of merchant banks and the central bank, particularly their roles in financing international trade in Nigeria. In international trade the roles being played by both banks are complementary in the sense that one cannot function without the “acquit of the other”. Suffice it to say that international trade financing activities of one bank is complemented by the other hence the topic “the role of central bank of Nigeria and merchant banks in financing international trade in Nigeria.

Merchant banks are recent occurrence in the country’s banking industry. Not much is known by the public about their activities.

The aim of this research work therefore is to highlight the roles of central bank and merchant banks in international trade financing.

1.4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
International trade is a trade between nations of the world and this trade arises from two basic reasons. One of this reason is that most countries find themselves in need of commodities they could not possible produce. Another basic reason for international trade is that countries different in their efficiencies in the use of national resources.

In Nigeria, international trade has contributed a lot to the country’s infrastructure and manpower development. Promoting international trade requires the assistance and financial support of specialized financial institutions like the central bank and merchant banks.

This study attempts to identify the roles these banks play in financing international trade in Nigeria, these include:
i.   Knowing their roles in terms of borrowing and lending.
II.   Evaluating the extent of their financial investment in financing the trade in Nigeria.
III.   To appraise the performance of these banks to know as far as possible the remote causes of adverse balance of trade.
IV.   To know how the banks have been encourage in playing the roles.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of the study could be seen on reflecting, that international trade exists as a backbone of our economic system, which is a subset of our national economy. It is and engine of growth, a potent strategy for mutual interdependency among world nations and of course, an instrument for technological and industrial emancipation.

It is aimed at identifying the roles of the central bank of Nigeria and the merchant banks as it affect international trade. The roles as identified are observed through recommendations to be made, where these roles are not identified and encourage, development and growth of international trade will continue to elude Nigeria which will invariably restore the development of the nation as a whole.

The central banks roles in this country are often misunderstand and as a result the central bank can become a target of public criticism, particularly doing period of economic upheavals. This study has been designed therefore to show the roles it plays in building the economy. It should be noted that the central bank operated basically within the provisions of the 1958 central banks Act and its various amendments.

The merchant banks play rules germane to our economic development country to public commitment. This study aims at revealing these roles and making recommendation. The study is significant to business executives, policy makers, economist, merchants and government agencies. Through the study, attention is drawn on drawn on the roles the banks play and ways to encourage these

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study is to cover the central bank of Nigeria and the merchant banks operations as it affects the financing of international trade in Nigeria with CBN Enugu and crown merchant bank Benin as a case study.

The shortcomings in this study include the inability of the research work to get all the necessary materials relevant and adequate for this study.

For example, during the oral interview with the staff of crown merchant bank, they maintained a high seereey which limited the scope of the information that the research waited to gather. They were afraid that if they disclose such information it would go into the hands pf their competitors. While the staff of CBN Enugu insisted and maintained in issuing general information of CBN as body.

The problem of limited times is more constraint although efforts were made to justify the work. There was equally lack of fund to travel these long distances, especially this country where transport network is poor and expensive. Also poor communication network contributed to the limit of the study.
1.7 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND DEVELOPMENT CONSTITUTION AND STRUCTURE OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA
CBN Enugu was traced back to the 11th day of June 1995 where its foundation block was laid by the, then governor of Eastern Nigeria, His exchange Sir Francis Akanu Ibiam G.C.O.N K.C.M.G and later commissioned on the 12th of April 1973, by the then Administrator of the East central state. His Excellency Mr. Ukpabi Asika.

Further information reveals that its parent body was established in 1958 under an Act of parliament known as the central bank Act. For many years before the establishment of the, a rudimentary monetary system had already began the process of transforming the Nigeria economy from a barter economy. The media of exchange then were however multifarious and therefore not very conducive to the operations of modern monetary system. Hence one could not really regard Nigeria as having a monetary system, at least in terms of orderliness until the establishment of the West African Currency Board (WACB) and the introduction of single currency system for West African in 1992. The establishment of the West African currency Board essentially prepared the way for the emergent modern financial system in Nigeria.

However, the W.A.C.B itself as designed could hardly be described as a monetary authority in terms of using any discretionary power to control the growth of credit and money supply in the economy.

Thus the W.A.C.B has been described as simply a positive moneychanger. This major shortcoming of the WACB provided the basic for agitation in favor of the establishment of a central bank not only in Nigeria but also in other countries operating under the West African currency Board system.

The first formed move towards the establishment of a central banks in Nigeria was in April, 1952. Then a private members motion was proposed in the then house of representative calling for the establishment of a central bank in Nigeria to perform essentially those functions generally associated with central bank. This because the colonial government considered the establishment of a central bank in Nigeria then was premature in view of the relative underdevelopment of the local financial system. The house however passed amendment motion asking the government to examine and report back to it on the possibility of establishing a central bank in Nigeria.

To this end, an adviser to the bank of England, Mr. J.L. Finisher was accordingly given the task of examining this possibility. While the finisher’s report did not favor the establishment of a central bank in the country in the immediate feature, it did, however recommend a three step programme which it hopped would eventually lead to the establishment of the CBN. These steps in charge the transfer of the WASB headquarters from London to West Africa. This it hoped would allow the local people to be move closely associated with the board and also provided them with opportunity of acquiring some experience from its operations.

The second step in fishers programme was that a Nigeria currency should be established to replace the CBN.

In addition the programme called for the establishment of a bank of issue, which was later to develop into central bank. None of these steps was however implemented especially since its report itself did not recommend any immediate establishment of a Nigeria central bank.

In 1953, a year after the fisher’s report a World Bank mission visiting Nigeria considered the same issue and while agreeing with fisher that the establishment of a central bank Nigeria was premature however, urged for a rapid reform of the WASB to remove some anomalies in its operation. It also recommended, like fisher for the establishment of a state bank of Nigeria which would take over the issue of currency from WACB.

What would eventually lead to the establishment of the final study on the issue by Mr. J.B. Loynes who was also an adviser to the bank of England?

Loynes in his report favoured the establishment of central bank of Nigeria and his main recommendation because the basis of the CBN Act that effectively established the bank. Thus following the J.B Loynes report, the CBN was established by an Act of parliament known as the CBN Act to perform the traditional central banking functions end serve as the pivotal national financial intuitions.

With the establishment of the bank therefore, the west African currency board operations in Nigeria were placed out and taken over and refined by the bank.

STRUCTURE OF THE BANK
Under the original statute of the bank, the policy and general administration of the affairs and business of the bank was the responsibility of a board of directors consisting of a governor, a deputy governor and five other directors of all whom were to be appointment by the president of the federation. The governor served as the chairman of the board and he and the deputy were responsible for the day-to-day management of the bank and were answerable to the board for their acts and decisions.

However, following the recommendation of a firm of management consultants Mckingsay international Mc. Of the United Kingdom in 1977, the structure of the bank was changed. The firm of management consultants was appointed by the bank to undertake a review of the organization structure and management protectices of the bank. The board of directors is currently made up of thirteen members that include the government and deputy governor; three of the board members are executive directors. Thus the governors are currently responsible for the day-to-day management of the bank. The management of the bank is essential in the performance of its duty by ten departmental directors all of whom are career staff of the bank and are responsible for implementing the various decisions of the board. Each departmental director is basically responsible for the activities of his department. Furthermore, the current structure of the bank is such that a group of department directors report to a specific executive director assigned to the overall supervision of the department.

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7 years ago 0 Comments Short URL

THE NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY

THE NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Dedication

Approval page

Abstract

Acknowledgment

Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 History background of the case study

1.3 Statement of the problem

1.4 Objective of the study

1.5 Significance of the study

1.6 Formulation of hypothesis

1.7 The scope of the study

1.8 Limitations of the study

1.9 Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Meaning and history of entrepreneurship development in Nigeria

2.2 History of entrepreneurship development in Nigeria

2.3 Meaning and functions of an entrepreneur

2.4 Functions of an entrepreneur

2.5 Activities of the Nigeria Association of Small-scale Industrialists (NASSI) in the development of entrepreneurship

2.6 Problem of NASSI in the discharge of entrepreneurship development in Enugu

2.7 Comments

2.8 Reference

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Method of data collection

3.2 Population of the study

3.3 Sample and sample techniques

3.4 Research instruments

3.5 Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Test of hypothesis

CHAPTER FIVE:

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Discussion of findings

5.2 Summary and conclusion

5.3 Recommendation

5.4 Suggestion for further studies

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTOPN

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The need to incorporate in our system the need to be technologically self-reliant cannot be over-emphasized. The first step is to develop our human and natural resources, thus increasing our per capital income. In the past even years, or more, especially during the administration of Ibrahim Babangida, Nigeria has constantly pursued an economic policy that is geared towards self-reliance for the individual as show by such programmes as the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) which is a graduate assistance scheme aimed at helping young school leavers to acquire necessary skills and funds that will help them to start their own business, other programmes with such mission include the people bank, Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP) and Nigerian Association of Small-scale Industrialists (NASSI).

The entrepreneur and his activities forms an integral part in the development of our economy. At this point, it becomes pertinent to define who is an entrepreneur and why we are having an insight into his plight to actualize the aims and objectives of its existence.

Nwana, L.E. (1995:32) defined an entrepreneur as an individual who is willing and able to take business risks for gainful purpose”.

Despite the aspirations of many, only a few people in this country and indeed Enugu our place of concentration has carried out their intention of having business established by them. Studies have been shown that 90% of these who seriously decided to incorporate a company five or more years ago have not yet done so. In Enugu state our emphasis will concentrate on the Nigerian Association of Small-Scale Industrialists (NASSI) Enugu State chapter, formed in 1978 owing to the creation of Enugu State in 1991, the Enugu office was established, to represent the organized small-scale industrialists in the state, thus tries to uplift the status of this sector.

The NASSI has its chapter in all the seventeen (17) local government areas of the state aimed at inculcating into our society, the spirit of owing and controlling business at the grass root level, to facilitate the much desired self-reliance on our locally made goods and services, self-reliance on the national economy as show in the policies of banning the importation of certain goods into this country, the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) which among other things aims at sourcing of our own raw materials for the industries locally, though many see it as backward integration the maintenance culture is also part of our attempts so self-reliance.

Based on the indeginisation policy that brought into existence, the Nigerian Enterprise promotion decree of 1972, which aims at encouraging and giving Nigerians the skill and knowledge to own and control their own business. Although all the aims and objectives of this dream has not come to fruition, since about 75% of Nigerians and indeed in Enugu has not realized their dream of owning and controlling a business of their choice (Igboeli J. 1995).

1.2 HISTORY BACKGROUND OF CASE STUDY

The Nigerian Association of Small-Scale Industrialists (NASSI) was found in 1978 by the Federal Military Government of Nigeria through the Centre for Management Development (CMD) to represent the organized small-scale industrialists in the country and thus uplift the status of the industrial sector.

In 1979, the Anambra State chapter was constituted, owing to the creation of Enugu State out of former Anambra State the Enugu State Chapter came into being in 1991. this association has its office situated at 30 Zik Avenue, Enugu to oversee the affairs of the members in Enugu State. The Nigerian Association of small-scale industrialists has chapters in all the 17 local governments of Enugu State. The person at the helm of affairs at the state level is called the state chairman while local government chapters are manned by local government coordinators.

NASSI is on the vanguard of Industry Development to enlighten from the grassroots, entrepreneurs and to articulate them for gainful purpose. It also collaborates with foreign bodies to formulate business plan for members.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The statement of this research work include the following:

1. How developed is the Enugu Entrepreneur, even at the emergence of NASSI?

2. With what government has done so far through NASSI, has it been able to carry-along these entrepreneur. As regards, manpower development, financial and technical aids.

3. If develop, to what extend has this development been able to put the Enugu entrepreneur in track of self-reliance?

4. Will the shortcomings be ascribed to the government and non-government agencies that support them or to the entrepreneurs themselves?

5. In such a depressed economy how is the entrepreneur surviving.

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The need to develop entrepreneurship in the Nigerian economy cannot be over-emphasized, because there in lies our hope of National growth. The objective of this research includes the following.

1. To critically analyse the activities of entrepreneurs in Enugu, in relation to the overall objective of government programmes and policies.

2. To know how the efforts of government to develop entrepreneurship is progressing.

3. To identify the problems that has been militating against the development of entrepreneurship in Enugu and Prefer solutions.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In such a depressed economy like ours, the need to rush paid jobs with or without personal initiatives is setting ourselves in a wrong direction. Hence all governmental efforts to provide loans and incentives to persons who are willing to own and control business.

It is also in record that this present administration even though military has a clear idea of what it will take into put Nigeria on her road to both political stability and economic growth. Obviously, this administration has steadfastly created good economic and social environment for real economic growth for all. This is born out of recent experience of European and American business at large number to discuss business with our private and public agencies. Also creditors are either canceling our debts or converting them into long term loans with these favourable conditions in mind, economic theories of development suggest that a rapid growth would occur if the available resources (human and material) are completely and judiciously explored and utilized for the production and distribution of goods and services, since our is a free economy, this assignments is passed unto Nigerian Entrepreneurs to truly bring the dreams to fruition.

Therefore this study is aimed at bringing to focus this objective and then access the steps so far and what could be done to improve the system. If by giving the job to governmental and non-governmental agencies participation in private sector to an organization will not be of advantage we can deal directly with the recipients. All the funds giving out through NDE, SAP, NERFUND etc were seen by many recipients as their own part of “National cake”, therefore we shall strife hard to see if we can bring in sanity in the system by giving other organizations like NASSI the chance to directly deal with the entrepreneurs or any other organization to be formed. Apart from poor fund disbursement pattern, to help seek ways to connect the Enugu entrepreneur with other business contacts with the outside world.

This research work is poised towards identifying the activities of the entrepreneur in pursuing the much-desired economic and social self-reliance. The work will be of great help to student of business management scholars, also the entrepreneurs themselves will learn more and thus make a right step in the right direction by first approaching their businesses with the overall view of being self-reliant.

Secondly, to appreciate the financial aids giving to them as loan to be repaid and not relief packages and finally for the government to bring in their presence in Enugu metropolis by establishing agencies that will be pragmatic in dealing with the entrepreneurs as well as improving the social amenities in the city, like good road network, good sanitary conditions and dull supply of power which forms an integral part in the production of good and services.

1.6 Formulation of hypothesis

1. Ho: Rate of illiteracy has narrowed the scope of the Enugu

entrepreneur.

Ho: Rate of illiteracy has not narrowed the scope of the Enugu

entrepreneur.

2. Ho: Funds are misdirected thus going it to those who many not utilize

it well.

Hi: Funds are not misdirected thus going it to those who many not utilize it well.

3. Government presence in the city has brought poor assimilation of

NASSI policies on business.

4. Ho: Lack of funds has hampered the expansion of the entrepreneurs.

Hi: Lack of funds has not hampered the expansion of the

entrepreneurs.

1.7 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this work is just an insight into the activities of the young ideal manager or who may be called an entrepreneur in Enugu. The angle the research is bringing in this entrepreneur is from the activities of the Nigerian Association of the Small-Scale industrialist (NASSI) Enugu State Chapter, Enugu Office. The entrepreneurs we are going to discuss here is only the small-scale industrialist. The office of the NASSI in Enugu has been visited and five more industries involved in small-scale production were visited as well.

1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The researcher was unable to get the required information from the chairman of NASSI, thus speaking with the secretary though the right data was collected.

The time lag was too short to conduct more researches on this topic hence the asocial does not have any library for academic research work. Thirdly funds were problems as a result much were not done on his study.

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Depressed economy

This is an economy where mostly economic and social activities are made to be less active, or sad without enthusiasm.

2. Scholar

A scholar is a person who studies an academic subject and knows a lot about it.

3. Poised

These means when an individual is ready or set to take action or strike something any moment in time.

4. Pragmatic

This is a way of dealing with something or problems in a practical way rather than using theoretical or abstract principles.

5. Metropolis

A metropolis is very large city that contains is very large number of people.

6. Time Lag

This is an interval of time between one event and another related event that happens after it.

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7 years ago 0 Comments Short URL

THE EFFECT OF LAND USE ACT IN PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT

THE EFFECT OF LAND USE ACT IN PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Approval Page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Aims and Objectives of the Study

1.4 Scope of the Study

1.5 Limitation of the Study

1.6 Significance of the Study

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Highlights of Land Use Act, No. 6. of 1978

2.2 The Land Tenure law of Northern Nigerian, 1962

2.3 The Effects of Land Use Act on Naluation Practice

2.4 The Roles of Valuers as Put Forward in Land Use Act, 1978

2.5 Effects of Zoning land and Buildings

2.6 Compensation for Valuation

2.6.1 General Basis of Compensation Assessment Under the Land Use Act

2.6.2 Disturbance Compensation

2.6.3 Under Compensation

2.7 Valuation for Compensation

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Research Methodology

3.1 Source of Data

3.2 Methods of Investigation/Instruments of Data Collection

3.3 Research Approach

3.4 Basis of the Research Study

3.5 Population

3.6 Sample Strength

3.7 Development of Questionnaires

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.1 Distribution of Real Property Ownership in Enugu Urban

4.2 Data on Population Figure within Enugu Urban, 1998 – 2005

4.3 Presentation of Data on the Distribution of Questionnaire

4.4 Respondents Appraisal on Property Investment in Enugu Urban

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Findings

5.1 Recommendation

5.2 Conclusions

5.3 Samples of Questionnaires

References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The land use Decree No. 6 of 1978 otherwise popularly called Land Use Act was promulgated on 29th March, 1978, the effective date of the commencement of its operation in Nigeria. It is a statutory approach or device used by the federal government to consolidate and harmonize the diverse tenures prevalent in the country before the promulgation. It aims at ensuring the protection of the rights of all Nigerians to enable them to provide for the sustenance of themselves and their families.

It abolished the age long tradition of private ownership of land in the south and introduced a uniform system of land tenure through out the country.

Land tenure under this dispensation means that; one can not have an interest in land beyond the terms granted to him by the statute (usually 99 years) and such interest is renewable on expiration.

The act vests all land comprised in the territory of each state (except land vested in the Federal Government for its agencies) solely in the hands of the military governors of the state who would hold such land in true for the people.

Finally, the promulgation of this Act was as a result of two main factors;

Firstly, was the diversity of customary laws on land tenure and difficulty in applying the various customs of the different peoples.

The second factor was the rampant practice in southern Nigeria with regards to fraudulent sales of land. The same land would be sold to different persons at the same time giving rise to so many litigations.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Land being the most universal, most valuable, probably the most controversial assets, the one and the only foundation of all human activities, requires a planned system of holding, control and regulations so as to avoid misuse and abuse of rights thereof.

In the words of Taslim O. Elias, (a renowned Jurist). “The indigenous system does not admit that land can ever be without an owner” indeed, if land (Real property), were to be a “res nullius” (something belonging to none), it will be valueless in the economic sense, there will be no question of compulsory acquisition, purchase, revocation and subsequent compensation. It way not be out of place to suggest that without valid control and regulation, ownership of land may depend purely on the physical strength of an individual or how violent the person can be. Such situation will definitely be anchoretic.

This work therefore unraveled the effects of Land Use Act, 1978 to prospective investors on real property (land), estate surveyors, private individuals etc, particularly in Enugu urban.

Since its promulgation however, the land use Act has been under intense fire as virtually almost every part of it has been criticized. The Act hardly went down well with traditional Nigeria, mainly because of the factors of interest in communal land ownership comprising several dead ancestors, relatively few living members and countless unborn generations. Many of their forefathers and mothers lost their lives in the process of acquiring the lands and were buried there. Unless their bodies and bones are exhumed, it remains a taboo to leave those lands. One therefore observes the existence of several motives and circumstances attracted to land ownership. In traditional Nigeria, many of which are non – economic and therefore cannot assuaged monetarily since the owners do not sale, alienate or part with land as freely or easily as other commodities.

Professionally speaking, land and its attributes, features and components embodies value – in – encounter.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

From the above discussions, certain questions might be identified that certainly, needs answers. They include;

1. Is the land use decree 1978 (now Land Use Act) implemented to its fullest apart from over use of such powers by state governors?

2. What are the problems associated with the techniques for valuing properties compulsorily acquired for compensation under the act?

3. What is the effect of the Act on compensation?

4. What adjustments should be done to the compensation, revocation of rights of occupancy for overriding public interests, allocation of land for Agriculture and grazing sections of this Act?

5. What should be the appropriate technique for valuing properties compulsory acquired for compensation purposes under the Act?

6. What should be the appropriate technique for zoning of land and building and valuing properties compulsorily acquired compensation purpose under the Act?

7. What effect has the Act posed on the price mechanism of land and buildings?

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this research would be as follows:

a) To ascertain whether the powers exercised by the state governors under Land Use Act and the general over – view of this Act pose a threat to effective land use.

b) To identify the possible problems associated with property development as a result of the Act.

c) Suggesting the necessary adjustments that need to be made to the revocation, compensation of rights of occupancy in sections of this Act, in order to promote property development.

d) Suggesting an appropriate technique for valuing properties compulsorily acquired under the Act.

e) To suggest the right professional capable in assisting the government on land transactions and other improvements on land.

f) Suggesting towards ensuring adequate compensation for a revoked right of occupancy.

g) Finally, proffering ways of reflecting the realities of social, traditional and economic norms posed by the Land Use Act to the modern society.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This work unraveled the roles of Land Use Act in property development in Enugu Urban.

Four zones of Okpara Avenue, New Haven, Achara Layout and Ogui layout are sampled due the large ladn mass.

These four zones are where property devleopmens are more pronounced. Although lands within Enugu Urban are revoked by the public bodies for overriding public interest without putting it for what it was revoked for. The scope of the study therefore uses the four zones to represent other areas in Enugu urban where property developments take place.

Such rights of communal land owner and property owners were usurped by the government thereby reducing their rights of occupancy to 99 years lease instead of allodia or absolute ownership.

1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This research work was highly tideous, though extremely educative. The researcher therefore, encountered constraints during the course of this project especially finance, which made him redistrict the study to certain areas.

Again time factor limited this study as I shared time among the project and other academic work. More so, the commitments of the researcher to the welfare of Estate Management Association (EMA) IMT as the president slightly delayed this work.

The provisions of the Land Use Act are too extensive to be compressed into few pages. For the purpose of this study, only the arrangements of sections and the provisions pertaining to valuation and its effects are covered.

Although the scope of this work was limited by time and finance, the researcher was able to carryout the work to completion.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study of the Land Use Act No. 6, 1978 with eight (8) parts and fifty one (51) sections is the most significant land policy currently in force in Nigeria. The study will be of benefit to the government o its planning control and property acquisition procedures.

Most intending property development are scared by the compensation tedinque if a property is revoked by the governor for overriding public interest, hence, this study will assist the developers for prudent appraisals.

State surveyors and values coded apply the result of this research. Work in their future valuation for compulsory acquisition and in their advisory role to the public. Students and lecturers in Estate management Professional will not find this work insignificant as it explained areas of controversy in this act.

With this input in Estate Management Professional, property developers will increase geometrically as recommendations preferred in this work will improve the compensation receivable by them in the event of revocation of their property rights by public bodies.

1.7 BASIS OF THE RESEARCH STUDY

The basis of this research is solely on land use. The speculators, private investors, the estate surveyors and valuers, farmers etc. who normally perform daily activities on land to earn their livings.

With these cadres of works of life, one can easily detect the negative and positive impacts of the Land Use Act to the entire society.

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Tags: THE EFFECT OF LAND USE ACT IN PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT

7 years ago 0 Comments Short URL

THE EFFECT OF MONETARY INCENTIVE ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIAN ORGANIZATION

THE EFFECT OF MONETARY INCENTIVE ON WORKERS PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIAN ORGANIZATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 General background to the study

1.2 Statement of the problem

1.3 Purpose of the study

1.4 Scope of the study

1.5 Research hypothesis

1.6 Significance of the study

1.7 Limitations of the study

1.8 Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE RE VIEW

2.0 Incentive and productivity

2.1 Directly related productivity

2.2 Concept of inceptive system

2.3 Types of incentive scheme

2.4 Nigerian telecommunication limited

2.5 Summary of review of related literature

References

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Research design

3.1 Area of the study

3.2 Population of the study

3.3 Sample and sampling process

3.4 Instrument for data collection

3.5 Validation of the instrument

3.6 Reliability of the instrument

3.7 Method of data collection

3.8 Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.0 Data presentation and analysis

4.1 Presentation and analysis of data

4.2 Testing of hypothesis

4.3 Summary of the results.

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS.

5.0 Discussion, re commendation and conclusions

5.1 Discussion of results / findings

5.2 Conclusions

5.3 Implications of research findings

5.4 Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendix i

Appendix ii

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Sometimes, one wonders why some people perform more than others on the job or better still why people work hand. Man in his natural form is somehow lazy and always tries to granitite towards his comfort zone unless some kind of forces or situation confronts him. It is this force or situation that arouses his desire or more out of this comfort zone in order to avert negative consequences or reap a positive reward as the case may be. This force of situation now becomes the motive for his working towards his set target (motivating factor).

Given the above illustration, management scholars have tired to define what motivation is all about.

The Webster Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language (1975) said that motivation relates to the sense, need or fear etc. that prompts an individual to act. Also Wole Adewunmi (1992) defined motivation as “the inner stimulus that induces one to behave the way he does” it has to do with that inner states that energizes, activates or moves and therefore directs behaviour towards goals

In all organization, productivity is beckoned on the design of its incentive variable to balance among various management levels.

There are several incentive variables that could motivate people to work to their optimal level and when these variables are not there, their productivity will be greatly affected. This may come in the form of a well packaged remuneration. Still others may not necessarily be motivated with well packaged incentive scheme. The group believe that money is not everything”

Starke (1976:35) is of the opinion that “people work for broadly defined rewards” these rewards can be broken down into general classes known as intrinsic and extrinsic rewards.

Extrinsic rewards includes the figure pay proportion, compliments etc and are often independent of the task performed and are control by other people.

Intrinsic reward on the other hand include the feeling of accomplishment of task and is administered by the individual doing the task. However, workers performance in an organisation depends on these rewards among other incentives which may in one way or the other command job satisfaction.

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Incentives are objectives or goals which are capable of satisfying what the employee views as need, drive or desire. It includes accelerated payment for improved productivity as well as environment conditions. For example, infrastructures transportation facilities, canteen services etc. though they do no directly provide income to workers, but are necessary for their effective performance. In other words, incentives do not only refer to usages payment but other things like job enrichment, free flow of information good relationship among junior and senior officers. Above all, the recognition accorded to individuals by society to their contribution also goes a long way to induce and energize them to work harder to achieve not only the organizational goals but also societal goals.

It is worthy of not that such incentives like, monetary rewards which may motivate the younger people who are beginners or the lower class of people in the society may not necessarily be motivating factor for some middle class and upper class of people in the society. People in the society, people in various positions even though at a similar level, must be given incentives that reflect their individual performance and expectations.

A higher performance must be rewarded more than the lower performance for a feeling of equity to prevail. Given this, money is likely to be a motivator variables remuneration has been favoured as the means of giving employees incentives to produce or sell increased volume or to improve the quality of their performance.

In most business and other organizations, money is actually used in keeping an organization adequately staff and not primarily as a motivator. Any bonus scheme for manual workers should be related to criteria which are meaningful to the employees and which are capable of being measured consistently. The incentive to achieve one particular objective for example, increased volume, should not act as an incentive to worsen other standards of achievement like quality. It is therefore, important to know what induces worker most, as many people have different needs and aspirations. People work for various reason, depending on what they want or what they are looking forward to achieving. Here, it is the duty of the management of any organization to find out the needs of its employees and then demand efforts toward attaining them.

Incentives which may be seen as payment or reward for work or service rendered have been a common feature in Nigeria establishments to which telecommunication limited is not an exception. It is therefore, the objective of this that could motivate workers to greater achievement.

Management scholars and other employers of labour will also find this work every useful as it would enable them to be vast of the value of incentives to performance of workers, if appropriately applied, this will in effect bring greater efficiency of workers if adequately employed.

Furthermore, students and other people who wish to carry out a similar study in other establishment will find this work beneficial as the ideas exposed in this work will be a guide in the right direction.

Nigeria telecommunication limited, for over a century, has distinguished itself as a leading telecommunication system and a major contributor to the economic advancement and development of Nigeria.

1.1 CONTINUATION OF BACKGROUND

telecommunication limited was founded in the year 1985 by federal policy of Nigeria. The idea of Nitel belt was moulted during Shagari administration and a bill was pass in the National Assembly to give it its desired legal backing. It is the law establishing Nitel. Its communication status was a probation of decree during Babangida’s Administration that saw Nitel into profit oriented body.

In the year 1985, it was in off short of font P&T and NET that is Nigeria Internal Telegramms. P&T joined with NET to answer Nitel. As at that time it has its own destructions with general transfers to work with.

In 1983/89 Nitel grows into commercial status from that time the re-shape their organigram and they become profit oriented. At the Apex of the organigram or cooperate Headquarter of Nitel, is the MANAGING DIRECTOR AND CHIEF

EXECUTIVE.

The three ED that is the executive director, each managers in the department are accountable to the managing director. The DMC, the LD and the ED domestic communications, the long distance.

Under it we have order general managers like deputy, the general managers have order deputies around them before the leader. Apart from cooperate headquarter Nitel have zonal administration each is headed by the GENERAL MANAGERS example south, east zone and north west zone, Lagos zone and south west zone. And it operate in three tears.

Each have deputy general manager as head of department, administration, finance all are accountable to the general manager of the zone.

In the third tears administration structure the exist territorial management heed by the TMS ie. Territorial managers. Territorial management are chief executive of the various states. Example, SMA, SMM, SMSS, SM planning and works and territorial accountants, each have specific role and function. The get the works of Nitel at territorial zone. Nitel still practice what one may call fouth tear.

Fourth tear:- The exchange area administration each exchange is being headed by functions of territorial managers by extension line, intellection take place and their customer.

It is upon this structural arrangement that Nitel operation render service to their numerous customers.

The same federal government is at this point in time planning for Nitel to go into privatization process, probably by the year 2006.

1.2 THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

It is fundamentally unrealistic to assume that people would continue to find satisfaction in co-operating in organization’s affairs, if no interest is shown in their individual needs and problems.

It is agreed that in spite of whatever gains must have been achieved in ensuring adequate compensation among workers around the world, existing compensation programmes have failed to attract hold and motivate employees because the individual worker is not considered and he did not participate in the planning and designing of such incentives before its execution or implementation.

However, the economic and social development of Nigeria depends to a great extent on the ability of the public services to attract and retain the services of qualified man power. Therefore, the concept of total compensation programme has economic, social, behavioral and legal basis consequence. To what extent is this recognized by the Nigeria telecommunication limited incentive scheme on the performance of workers in the company?

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The above problems bring to fire the following sub-problems

(a) What type of incentive schemes are available in Nigerian telecommunications limited?

(b) Are employees of the company actually reaping benefit which provides job satisfaction from these scheme?

(d) To examine the different types of incentives scheme put in place by the Nigerian telecommunications limited.

(e) To do an in depth analysis of the Nigeria telecommunications limited incentives schemes and productivity trend over the years.

(f) To examine the extent to which these incentives schemes lead to attainment of job satisfaction and motivation of workers.

(g) To test the effectiveness, adequacy and relevance of these incentives schemes to the overall performance of individual worker or group of workers.

(h) To examine the extent the organization is achieving its objectives for administering these incentive schemes.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of monetary incentive scheme for the performance of workers in an organization. Nigerian telecommunications limited Enugu as a model organization was used. Because of resource constraints a branch of Nigerian telecommunication limited was studies. All the department and cadres of employees were covered in the study, to examine incentives and its administration in Nigerian telecommunication the study will also evaluate the appropriateness of the programme with a view to ascertaining how they influence workers to perform efficiently which results in an increase in the organizational productivity. Finally, the study will also address the impact of the incentive on the existing workers as well as those that have left the organization.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

To what extent is the effectiveness, adequately relevance of these incentives schemes to the overall performance?
To what extent are these different types of incentives scheme put in place by the Nitel?
To what extent do the existing compensation programmes failed to attract, hold and motivate employees?
To what extent is the incentive scheme lead to attainment of job satisfaction and motivation of the workers?
To what extent are the employees of the company actually reaping benefits who provides job satisfaction from the schemes?
To what extent is Nigerian telecommunications limited, attaining the main objectives for administratering these schemes?

1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Hypothesis have been formulated to guide the collection of data.

Hypothesis one:

(a) Nigerian telecommunication limited incentives scheme has no impact on the employee’s job performance

(b) Nigerian telecommunication limited incentives scheme has an impact on the employee’s job performance

Hypothesis two:

(a) All cadres of workers in Nigerian telecommunication limited are not involved in planning the incentive scheme.

(b) All cadres of worker in Nigerian telecommunications limited are involved in planning the incentive scheme.

1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is hoped that this study when completed will assist business enterprises in their operations and enable then to employ incentive schemes and other motivational variables that would optimize the productivity and performance of their operations.

The study when completed will identify the motivational factors and incentive variables, if any, that are currently militating against the smooth operations of the firm in area of its job performance and productivity, that management find useful for future planning.

1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Some problems were encountered which in one form or the other constituted limitation to the collected data.

The sampling frame obtained from the personnel department Nigerian telecommunications limited indicated that there are more than 300 staff members. It was the intention of the researcher to obtain information from all the employees but as a result of time and financial constrains, the coverage was limited to only 101 representing about 50% of the population.
Out of the 101 questionnaires administered, only 50 were returned thereby rendering the assumed margin of error unreliable.
Some respondents were not very co-operative an could have given non-reliable information as they feared publicity despite the assurance by the researcher to treat every information with utmost secrecy.
Time was one of the major constraints faced by the researcher. The time allocated for the study was too small because the researcher has to attend lectures, prepare for quizzes and examinations and as a result too little time was devoted to the study.

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7 years ago 0 Comments Short URL

THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN AN ORGANISATION PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY, 9TH MILE CORNER, ENUGU).

THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN AN ORGANISATION PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY, 9^TH MILE CORNER, ENUGU).

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Statement of the problem

1.3 Purpose of the study

1.4 Scope of the study

1.5 Research Hypothesis

1.6 Research Question

1.7 Significance of the study

1.8 Limitation of the study

1.9 Definition of terms

Reference

CHAPTER TWO: Review of Related Literature

2.1 The role of communication in an organization

2.2 The communication process

2.3 Channels/Methods of Communication

2.4 Methods of Communication

2.5 Communication Types

2.6 Communication Barriers

2.7 Principles of Effective/Good Communication

Reference

CHAPTER THREE: Research Design and Methodology

3.1 Research Designs

3.2 Area of the study

3.3 Population of the study

3.4 Sample and sampling procedures/techniques

3.5 Instrument for data collection

3.6 Validation of the instrument

3.7 Reliability of the instrument

3.8 Method of data collection

3.9 Method of Data Analysis

Reference

CHAPTER FOUR: Data presentation and Analysis

4.1 Presentation and Analysis

4.2 Testing of Hypothesis

4.3 Summary of Results

CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations.

5.1 Discussion of Results/Findings

5.2 Conclusions

5.3 Implication(s) of the research findings

5.4 Recommendations

5.5 Suggestions for further research

Reference

Bibliography

Appendages

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4i. Method(s) used to transmit information in the company.

Table 4ii. The General Attitude to work as regards communication system in the company.

Table 4iii. Direction of communication

Table 4iv. Channelling of Grievance and Suggestions

Table 4v. How Employees value the Importance of communication in the company.

Table 4vi. Rating of Communication by the Company.

Table 4vii. Methods of Communication that is most effective in the company for organizational performance.

Table viii. Delegation of Authority adopted within the company.

ABSTRACT

Many organization encounter various problems in communication within or outside the organization. Due to this fact, the researcher deemed it necessary to research into various communication techniques/system, methods and channels of communication adopted by Nigerian Bottling Company Plc in the achievement of an organizational performance.

The aims of this write-up was actually to determine the adequacy of communication system in Nigerian Bottling Company and also the possible barriers, that would hinder the effectiveness of the system which in turn effects the organization performance. In carrying out this research, review of related authors works were actually barriers principle and importance of communication.

To ascertain the people opinion on the adequacy and the possible communication barriers, there would be no other way of determining the opinion of different individuals than through questionnaires, oral interview and observation.

From the questionnaires, presentation of analysis and interpretation of data were drawn. Showing that there were certain communication barriers that hinder organization performances. Some recommendation were then deduced from the finding which the researcher feels that if management adopted it may improve the role of communication system in Nigerian Bottling Company.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Communication consists of all the processes by which information is transmitted and received. The subject matter may include facts, intentions, attitudes etc. and the chief purpose of communication is to make the receiver to understand what is in the mind of the sender.

Therefore, communication is incomplete unless it is received and understood. As the usual outcome of the understanding is change in behaviour, effective communication can be regarded as part of a learning process.

Every organization depends for its daily operations on intricate communication network, which has improved over the years and has proved itself indispensable. The bigger the firm, the more elaborate the system becomes, and the greater the likelihood of expensive and time wasting. Mistake caused by the misunderstanding of the system from the psychological point of view, communication have a value which goes beyond the transmission and reception of information. The form which a communication takes profoundly effect the attitude of the employees and the degree to which they understand and support management policies. Many individual disputes originate from the failure of communication the understanding by the employees of the intentions of management or a misinterpretation of company’s policy.

1.1 THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Communication is fundamental to the existence of every human organization and it is so vital that without it no organization can succeed. Infact, communication is indispensable to human existence. Because one must like to communicate with people around him or her to share experience, ideas and feelings.

In an organization, one can only imagine what would happen if no communication exists. The employees will like to know when changes especially those that will affect them are about to make place. They will like to know what is expected of them in the organization to act in accordance with the standard rules and regulation and to let their feeding, desires, aspirations and effects to be known and recognized. Other members of the organization particularly the management. A good organization is the one which derives its objective from those of its members and this can only be achieved by establishing an effective down-ward, upward and lateral communication system. Hence, many organization plans was not successfully achieved, due to the poor communication channel used.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

This study to solve the following research problems on the role of communication in an organization performance especially in Nigerian Bottling Company seeks to answer the following questions:

1. The company lacks modernized or latest communication gadgets.

2. The company experience poor communication channel.

3. Some managers are disillusioned because major decision affecting their departments are taken without them being included.

4. Most of the important directives given are treated with little or no seriousness.

5. Little of the information in the organization comes through grapevine.

6. Overloading of information towards the junior staff.

7. Some of the workers are illiterate and cannot read and write.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY:

The purpose of this study is to find out the communication techniques and system used by the Nigerian Bottling Company Plc. And the determining of the effectiveness of such techniques and the system for effective organization performance. The major channels of barriers to effective communicating in the industry includes classifying any assumptions, avoiding semantic distortion, goody expressing of messages, polarization and discouraging of nonverbal messages.

Also, the company resolute conflicts through analyzing of the problem, identifying the needs of each of the parties searching for alternatives and having a careful attitude towards criticism. Also to recommend the best advertising strategy a firm can adopt to produce effectively.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The impact of communication for effective organization performance in Nigeria affects almost all aspects of the organization but given the limited time and available resources, it is unreliable to contemplate on all the organisations in Nigeria of Enugu State.

Hence the study is consequently limited to Nigerian Bottling Company Plc, Nsude, 9^th Mile Corner near Enugu. This firm has been selected with the hope that information from it will help us to identify the effect of communication in the organization performance of the company.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

1. What are the methods of disseminating effective communication in the organization?

2. Do the employees of the company know what is expected from them.

3. What are the importance of communication to the company?

4. How efficient is management in ensuring that the barriers to the effective communication are carefully eliminated?

5. What are the barriers to effective communication?

1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:

H₁: Proper delegation of authority has been adopted by the Nigerian Bottling Company Ltd.

H_o: Proper delegation of authority has not been adopted by the Nigerian Bottling Company Ltd.

H₁: Workers channel their grievances and suggestions direct to the management.

H_o: Workers do not channel their grievances and suggestions direct to the management.

H₁: The attitude of workers as regards the system of communication in the company is very good.

H_o: The attitude of workers as regards the system of communication in the company is not very good.

H₁: Employees value the importance of communication to the company.

H_o: Employees do not value the importance of communication to the company.

H₁: The communication rating in the company is very high.

H_o: The communication rating in the company is not very high.

H₁: The direction of communication in the company is downward-upward flow.

H_o: The direction of communication in the company is not downward-upward flow.

1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

Conducting an empirical research is not an easy task, even for a competent researcher. This research on the role of communication for effective organizational performance was not an exception to the usual constraints and other problems associated with similar researchers in our society. Environment problem vary from one place to another, depending on such factors as the temperament of the respondents, the nature of the research level of education of the respondent.

Despite the above fact is external to the researcher personal constraints such as limited time, limited resources, finance, inadequate data and secrecy of certain records were encountered.

1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The researcher therefore aims at focusing the attention of business managers to the importance of communication in business organisation.

Specifically, this study will be of great help to Nigerian Bottling Company, their customers and of course the researcher and the academic world.

It will benefit the company a lot by helping them to know the best media or medium to use.

The academic world, this study is expected to increase the store of knowledge. The researcher stands opportunity to gain from the study in areas of communication. Students and lecturers benefits from this research work also.

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS:

The following terminologies are defined to reflect their meanings in this project.

Role:

This means the functions or the duty which a person or a thing performs or ought to perform.

Communication:

According to Hybels and Weave (1986, p.6), communication is a process in which people share information, ideas and feelings. Also it can be defined as the process of transmitting and receiving information.

Organisation:

An organisation refer to when people come together to work in pursuit of common goals, they establish a hierarchy of authority in other to attain the common goals, they also in the process divide tasks according to members area of specialization so that the human resources within the organisation can be properly harnessed to achieve the set objectives.

Performance:

This refers to as the notable action or achievement.

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HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD

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7 years ago 0 Comments Short URL

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING WORKERS MORALE AND PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION [A CASE OF STUDY OF ENUGU STATE TRANSPORT COMPANY (ENTRACO)]

ABSTRACT

Improving workers morale and productivity. It is very pertinent to improve the workers morale to enhance greater level of productivity. Any organization that has no consideration on how the morale of the workers can be improved is liable to fale a lower level of productivity.

This strategy is adopted to increase the employer/employee relationship and if it can be achieved it is by giving incentives like free port allowance and in fact make them have a sense of belonging.

Improving workers morale has been one of the main strategies adopted in most of our organizations in Nigerian because it is a process by which workers get motivated in order to enhance productivity services effectively.

This prospect has been a broad area of concern to most of our existing firms or organization who do not know how to get workers motivated thereby improving their morale and productivity.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2     Statement of problem
1.3     Objective of the study
1.4     Statement of hypothesis
1.5     Significance of the study
1.6     Scope and limitation of the study
1.7     Research question
1.8     Definition of terms
Reference

CHAPTER TWO
2.0     Literature review
2.1 Extent of workers relationship with top management
2.2     The type of leadership in an organization that could enhance workers morale and productivity.
2.3     Evaluation and recognition of performance
2.4     Effects of goods management appraisal in organizational productivity.
Reference

CHAPTER THREE
3.0     Design of the study
3.1 population of the study
3.2     Sample size and sampling technique.
3.3     Instrumentation.
3.4     Method and sources of data collection.
3.5     Limitations of the study
Reference

CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.2 TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION.
5.1     Summary of findings
5.2     Recommendations
5.3     Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendices.

CHAPTER ONE

INTORDUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In every organization set-up, indispensable groups are discernible. These groups are known as the employees and the employers. They both constitute the point upon which the activities of the organization revolves.

It is said that area of the most common mutual interest where employees and employers may co-operate consciously the advantage of them consist of improving the morale of the worker, promoting efficiency and productivity, eliminating waste, reducing cost of maintenance.

Every organization is set u to attain in some definite and defined objectives. These objectives, which have to be accomplished through the instrumentality of the above, mentioned groups often include high productivity. To do this management has to organize it’s resources to achieve maximum performance.

One of this resource is of course. Human beings, whilst the out put of some factors like machine. May be predetermined activities involving people are not calculated precisely for even if they are, the result may vary, due to what is known as human element. How well a job is done depends on the rewards attached to the work fore the word reward in it’s own stresses has complete meaning. But due to the result of research on human behaviour in work situation, we are able to realize that wage or salary is mainly one of the important needs of the workers.

Every works at work requires the organizations to treat him not just like a community but like a human being of high reasoning.

Beloc (1964) once wrote that workers have certain inalienable right as important as those of their employer and it is the duty of the organization to recognize these rights.

It is obvious that the workers have needs, which the work situation may or may not satisfy. The degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction will be reflected not only in measured work but also in the morale of workers. The maximization of personnel contribution of the entire human element in an organization is the major objectives of the organization, which is implemented, not only through the whole management process itself. How those people are organized directly influence their morale.

1.2 STAEMENT OF PROBLEM.

Improving workers moral and productive in an organization has been the main study or way to increase the shareholders wealth. The workers are forced with lots of problems concerning the strategies for improving workers morale and productivity in the organization and with regards to these problems; the researcher wants to find answers to the following problems.

1. What are the ways of improving the workers moral?

2. How can efficiency and productivity be increased in the organization?

3. How can waste and redundancy be eliminated in the organization?

4. What are the ways of reducing cost of maintenance at the same time improve the quality of services?

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The rational for conducing this research work lies in the suspected high degree of dissatisfaction , which reduce the workers moral towards productivity and it’s effects on the productivity which

1.4 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

H0: Workers do not have job satisfaction from their routine job.

H0: Their boss gives Workers more knowledge when they are confused on what is expected from them.

H1: Workers do not have job satisfaction from their routine job.

H1: Their boss gives Workers more knowledge when they are confused on what is expected from them.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The importance of the study is that of the end of the investigation into the strategies for improving workers and productivity. It is very important to both an organization and employees as well as government.

It is a very sensitive issue to an organization it is important to an organization in the sense that if an employee’s moral is well improved, there will be increase in the productivity thereby meeting the set goals, with good strategies in improving workers moral. There will be high productivity. The researcher would have thrown more light on the problems caused by low moral among the workers and also level the motivational strategies that would be adopted to increase workers moral and productivity.

Secondly, the managers would know the management techniques they would employ to pull their workers forward achieving organizational objectives and facilities mutual understanding between the manages, supervisor and his subordinates.

Thirdly, the workers should also understand that should set goals for themselves if there are to win the love and benefits from the organization.

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7 years ago 0 Comments Short URL

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