EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION ON BUSINESS
(A CASE STUDY OF N.B.L. PLC)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research work is to have a detail effect of government regulation in business.
The case study. The strength of the N.B.L. staff is about 60 workers with sample of 52 workers, the total of 52 questionnaire were printed and 52 were collected and analyzed in table.
The source of this research work is from both secondary and primary sources. It was found out that performance appraisal system can be improved by preventing all forms of bics nepotism and favoritism and on the other hand encourage justice, fair play and equity.
Thus it was recommended that modern equipments and tools should be provided for the staff to carry out their duties effectively.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the study
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Research questions
1.5 Hypothesis formulation
1.6 Significance of the study
1.7 Scope of the study
1.8 Limitations
1.9 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 government regulation by status
2.2 The price control act
2.3 The Nigerian enterprise promotion decree
2.4 Monetary polices
2.5 Fiscal policies
2.6 Government competition
2.7 History of Nigerian breweries PLC.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research design and methodology
3.1 Research design
3.2 Area of the study
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sample and sampling determination
3.5 Instrument of data collection
3.6 Validation of the instrument
3.7 Reliability of instrument
3.8 Method of data collection
3.9 Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data presentation and analysis
4.1 Presentation and analysis of data
4.2 Testing of hypothesis
4.3 Summary of results
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion, recommendation and conclusion
5.1 Discussion and results findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Suggestion for further study
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In a country with mixed economy such as Nigeria, both the government and private individual turn the economy jointly. This means that private individual, groups as well as the three levels of government are free to establish business enterprises. The three levels of government low include the local, the state and the Federal Government, respectively. In this modern world, mixed economy appear to the most prevalent economic system but what make the difference is the degree of the mixture.
Therefore, government has some important roles to play in this type of economy. Based on the importance of government regulations on business in the country, government regulatory power on business activities was included in section 16 (1) and (s) of the 1979 federal constitution. In 1984 as well, the former was modified by the then federal military government. This modification was also included in section 16 (1) and (3) of 1999 constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria. And both constitutions specified the following as regards our national economic activities.
Section 16 (1) states that the state shall within the context of the ideal and objectives, for which provisions are made in this constitution, control the national economy in such manner as to be secure the maximum welfare, freedom and happens of energy citizen on the basis of social justice and equity of status and opportunity. Without prejudice to its right to operate or participate in areas of the economy, other than the major sectors of the economy.
According to sub-section 4 of section 16, the major section includes activities directly concerned with the production, distribution and exchange of wealth, or of goods and services. These major sectors of the economy will be declared from time to time by a resolution of each house of the National Assembly to be managed and operated exclusively by the government of the federation.
Without prejudices to its right to operate or participate in areas of the economy, to manage and operate the major section of the economy.
Moreover, according to section 16 (3); a body shall be set up by an act of the National Assembly which shall have power to review from time to time the ownership and control of business enterprise operating in Nigeria and make recommendation it some and to administer any law for the regulation of the ownership and control of such enterprise.
Therefore, it is clear that the role of government is to protect and represent the interest of the society and the citizenry in which business operates. It can be further said that government through regulations protects consumers from abuse, they ensure efficiency in the use of resources and promote equitable distribution of income.
Government policies are the most dynamic of all government influence on business in Nigeria. This is due to instability in Government of Nigeria and has contributed to massive change in policies affecting the operation of business.
These policies may include monetary or fiscal policies. Fiscal policies which is a macro-economic tool that involves the use of government spending and taxes (T) in guiding the nation’s economy to achieve pre-determined economic good. Monetary policy on the other hand is the regulation of money and the terms and availability of credit. Government can regulation of business activities.
Conclusively, government can use other means such as import duties and tariffs to regulates business in Nigeria, in order to protect domestic industries and producers against foreign competition.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The influence of government on business can take so many forms. The study aims to look at the regulation or government regulation towards Nigeria Breweries Plc Enugu and also suggest how to increase the company’s efficiency through the regulation. Government has realized that political independence without economic independence is meaningless.
The research on government regulation with particular reference to Nigeria Breweries Plc Enugu has raised some questions among experts and professionals, which this study has attempted to address. These include;
- Can government regulation in organization be minimized and for untimely eliminated?
- Can organization exist without regulation?
- Is regulation beneficial or detrimental to organizational goal?
- How can organization efficiency be increased by regulation?
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of emery firm such as Nigeria Breweries Plc is to be efficient in the discharge of its service. It is through effective and efficient regulation that organizational misconduct can be avoided.
The overall objective of these measure will be to ensure the profitability of the organization. This is addition to the above stated measure, the researcher wants to achieve through the study the following objectives.
- To find out whether regulation exist in Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu
- To examine and assess various regulation traceable in the company.
- To identifying whether a specific method of regulation actually exist in Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu.
- To identify problems if any encountered in regulating in the organization.
- To find out the consequences of regulation in the Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu (activities).
- To recommend ways organizational efficiency can be increased through regulation.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
- What is really the reason why government regulation will neglected by firms (company)?
- Why is it that companies at time refuse to give assistance to government when they needed it.
1.5 HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION
Based on the study as had been discussed above, the following hypothesis have been formulated;
Ho: Some government regulatory measures in business have not adversely affected the growth and structure of Nigerian Breweries Enugu.
H1: Some government regulatory measures in business have adversely affected the growth and structure of Nigerian Breweries Enugu.
H0: Because government does not always seek the opinion of public in matters pertaining to business, its regulatory policies have not been very effective.
H1: Because government always seek the opinion of public in matters that concerns business, its regulatory measure have been effective.
H0: Nigerian Breweries Plc may not be forced to sub-optimize research due to increasing government regulatory measure.
H1: Nigerian Breweries Plc may be forced to sub-optimize research due to increasing government regulatory measure.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Business had been criticized seriously due to discriminatory rates and policies. The economic power had been in the hands of all kind of processing and manufacturing industries through trusts and corporate merger.
Meanwhile, due to this government in order to rescue the economy has come up with so many regulatory measures which are benefiticial to the following people;
- Employers
- Employees
- Consumers etc.
In fact it is because of these, it becomes necessary to study the effect of government regulation on the management of Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study of this topic the EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION ON BUSINESS is suppose to include many kinds of business sector both private and public sector. In order to manage the topic and carryout the study effectively and effectively the researcher deemed it fit to restrict the topic to the effects of government regulation on business and it affects Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu.
Although, reference will be made on a general basis because of the dinerse native of business.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Many factor will act as limitative to the successful accomplishment of the study: Some of these limitations will be in area of date collection for the study. Distribution of questionnaire to the staff of Nigerian Breweries, financial limitation will also limit the success of the study because the researcher will not be able to get all the materials necessary for this extensive study. Time factor will also be a bearer to this study – although these will limit the researcher’s ability to gather enough. Information for the study but efforts will be made to minimize these limitations in order to achieve a reliable result.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms or words used in this study will be defined:
Business: This simply means an economic activity undertaken to produce goods and or services.
Mixed Economy: It is a system of economy in which both private individuals and government jointly run the economic activities of the country.
Fiscal Policy: It is a tool or measure which the government used in regulating the economy through taxes and government spending.
Monetary Politic: This is another measure used by the government in order to control the supply of money and the terms and availability of credit in the nation.
Government: It is an agency designed to administer the affairs of a state or nation.
Regulation: This is the system which government in controlling the economic activities of the nation.
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to 08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
Tags: EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION ON BUSINESS (A CASE STUDY OF N.B.L. PLC)
EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION ON BUSINESS
(A CASE STUDY OF N.B.L. PLC)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research work is to have a detail effect of government regulation in business.
The case study. The strength of the N.B.L. staff is about 60 workers with sample of 52 workers, the total of 52 questionnaire were printed and 52 were collected and analyzed in table.
The source of this research work is from both secondary and primary sources. It was found out that performance appraisal system can be improved by preventing all forms of bics nepotism and favoritism and on the other hand encourage justice, fair play and equity.
Thus it was recommended that modern equipments and tools should be provided for the staff to carry out their duties effectively.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the study
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Research questions
1.5 Hypothesis formulation
1.6 Significance of the study
1.7 Scope of the study
1.8 Limitations
1.9 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 government regulation by status
2.2 The price control act
2.3 The Nigerian enterprise promotion decree
2.4 Monetary polices
2.5 Fiscal policies
2.6 Government competition
2.7 History of Nigerian breweries PLC.
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research design and methodology
3.1 Research design
3.2 Area of the study
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sample and sampling determination
3.5 Instrument of data collection
3.6 Validation of the instrument
3.7 Reliability of instrument
3.8 Method of data collection
3.9 Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data presentation and analysis
4.1 Presentation and analysis of data
4.2 Testing of hypothesis
4.3 Summary of results
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion, recommendation and conclusion
5.1 Discussion and results findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Suggestion for further study
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In a country with mixed economy such as Nigeria, both the government and private individual turn the economy jointly. This means that private individual, groups as well as the three levels of government are free to establish business enterprises. The three levels of government low include the local, the state and the Federal Government, respectively. In this modern world, mixed economy appear to the most prevalent economic system but what make the difference is the degree of the mixture.
Therefore, government has some important roles to play in this type of economy. Based on the importance of government regulations on business in the country, government regulatory power on business activities was included in section 16 (1) and (s) of the 1979 federal constitution. In 1984 as well, the former was modified by the then federal military government. This modification was also included in section 16 (1) and (3) of 1999 constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria. And both constitutions specified the following as regards our national economic activities.
Section 16 (1) states that the state shall within the context of the ideal and objectives, for which provisions are made in this constitution, control the national economy in such manner as to be secure the maximum welfare, freedom and happens of energy citizen on the basis of social justice and equity of status and opportunity. Without prejudice to its right to operate or participate in areas of the economy, other than the major sectors of the economy.
According to sub-section 4 of section 16, the major section includes activities directly concerned with the production, distribution and exchange of wealth, or of goods and services. These major sectors of the economy will be declared from time to time by a resolution of each house of the National Assembly to be managed and operated exclusively by the government of the federation.
Without prejudices to its right to operate or participate in areas of the economy, to manage and operate the major section of the economy.
Moreover, according to section 16 (3); a body shall be set up by an act of the National Assembly which shall have power to review from time to time the ownership and control of business enterprise operating in Nigeria and make recommendation it some and to administer any law for the regulation of the ownership and control of such enterprise.
Therefore, it is clear that the role of government is to protect and represent the interest of the society and the citizenry in which business operates. It can be further said that government through regulations protects consumers from abuse, they ensure efficiency in the use of resources and promote equitable distribution of income.
Government policies are the most dynamic of all government influence on business in Nigeria. This is due to instability in Government of Nigeria and has contributed to massive change in policies affecting the operation of business.
These policies may include monetary or fiscal policies. Fiscal policies which is a macro-economic tool that involves the use of government spending and taxes (T) in guiding the nation’s economy to achieve pre-determined economic good. Monetary policy on the other hand is the regulation of money and the terms and availability of credit. Government can regulation of business activities.
Conclusively, government can use other means such as import duties and tariffs to regulates business in Nigeria, in order to protect domestic industries and producers against foreign competition.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The influence of government on business can take so many forms. The study aims to look at the regulation or government regulation towards Nigeria Breweries Plc Enugu and also suggest how to increase the company’s efficiency through the regulation. Government has realized that political independence without economic independence is meaningless.
The research on government regulation with particular reference to Nigeria Breweries Plc Enugu has raised some questions among experts and professionals, which this study has attempted to address. These include;
- Can government regulation in organization be minimized and for untimely eliminated?
- Can organization exist without regulation?
- Is regulation beneficial or detrimental to organizational goal?
- How can organization efficiency be increased by regulation?
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of emery firm such as Nigeria Breweries Plc is to be efficient in the discharge of its service. It is through effective and efficient regulation that organizational misconduct can be avoided.
The overall objective of these measure will be to ensure the profitability of the organization. This is addition to the above stated measure, the researcher wants to achieve through the study the following objectives.
- To find out whether regulation exist in Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu
- To examine and assess various regulation traceable in the company.
- To identifying whether a specific method of regulation actually exist in Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu.
- To identify problems if any encountered in regulating in the organization.
- To find out the consequences of regulation in the Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu (activities).
- To recommend ways organizational efficiency can be increased through regulation.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
- What is really the reason why government regulation will neglected by firms (company)?
- Why is it that companies at time refuse to give assistance to government when they needed it.
1.5 HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION
Based on the study as had been discussed above, the following hypothesis have been formulated;
Ho: Some government regulatory measures in business have not adversely affected the growth and structure of Nigerian Breweries Enugu.
H1: Some government regulatory measures in business have adversely affected the growth and structure of Nigerian Breweries Enugu.
H0: Because government does not always seek the opinion of public in matters pertaining to business, its regulatory policies have not been very effective.
H1: Because government always seek the opinion of public in matters that concerns business, its regulatory measure have been effective.
H0: Nigerian Breweries Plc may not be forced to sub-optimize research due to increasing government regulatory measure.
H1: Nigerian Breweries Plc may be forced to sub-optimize research due to increasing government regulatory measure.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Business had been criticized seriously due to discriminatory rates and policies. The economic power had been in the hands of all kind of processing and manufacturing industries through trusts and corporate merger.
Meanwhile, due to this government in order to rescue the economy has come up with so many regulatory measures which are benefiticial to the following people;
- Employers
- Employees
- Consumers etc.
In fact it is because of these, it becomes necessary to study the effect of government regulation on the management of Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study of this topic the EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION ON BUSINESS is suppose to include many kinds of business sector both private and public sector. In order to manage the topic and carryout the study effectively and effectively the researcher deemed it fit to restrict the topic to the effects of government regulation on business and it affects Nigerian Breweries Plc Enugu.
Although, reference will be made on a general basis because of the dinerse native of business.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Many factor will act as limitative to the successful accomplishment of the study: Some of these limitations will be in area of date collection for the study. Distribution of questionnaire to the staff of Nigerian Breweries, financial limitation will also limit the success of the study because the researcher will not be able to get all the materials necessary for this extensive study. Time factor will also be a bearer to this study – although these will limit the researcher’s ability to gather enough. Information for the study but efforts will be made to minimize these limitations in order to achieve a reliable result.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms or words used in this study will be defined:
Business: This simply means an economic activity undertaken to produce goods and or services.
Mixed Economy: It is a system of economy in which both private individuals and government jointly run the economic activities of the country.
Fiscal Policy: It is a tool or measure which the government used in regulating the economy through taxes and government spending.
Monetary Politic: This is another measure used by the government in order to control the supply of money and the terms and availability of credit in the nation.
Government: It is an agency designed to administer the affairs of a state or nation.
Regulation: This is the system which government in controlling the economic activities of the nation.
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to 08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
Tags: EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION ON BUSINESS (A CASE STUDY OF N.B.L. PLC)
EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON THE BAKING INDUSTRY
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Every industry operates within two sets of constraints. Internal constraints are those problems within the organization and over which the enterprise has reasonable amount of control. Personnel problem, capacity utilization and the techniques or process of production are some of such factors.
External factors could pose formidable problems to an enterprise. The problems are made more severe by the fact that these problems are caused by factors outside the competence of a given enterprise to control. Examples of such factors are government regulation, traditional or cultural values etc.
The bakery industry in Nigeria has been a victim of externally imposed constraint. Hitherto, bakers depended on local millers who produced their vital raw materials, flour from imported wheat. Government banned the importation of wheat and wheat product in 1986, thereby, sending shock waves to this very well established and expanding industry. Wheat products has started to consume an unacceptable amount of the nation’s foreign exchange as the table 1.1.1 below clearly demonstrates, as well as figure 1.1.1 in page 3.
Table 1.1.1 Foreign Exchange Spent on Wheat and Food Import 1981 – 1985
Import 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985
N,000 N,000 N,000 N,000 N,000
Total food 1,820,215 1,642,245 1,296,714 843,246 946,567
Wheat 159,422 79,629 255,717 243,067 327,870
C/o of total 9% 5% 20% 29% 35%`
Source: Federal Office of Statistics, Lagos
Given the above circumstances, there was a clear need for government action to check the outflow of the nation’s declining foreign exchange earnings through what important.
Besides, it can also be argued that there were suitable local substitutes of wheat flour for bread baking; rice, cassava, maize and sorghum have been mentioned as such suitable substitutes. To some people these substitutes were at least as good as wheat as it
FIGURE 1.1.1
FOREIGN EXCHANGE SPENT ON WHEAT AND FOOD IMPORT
1981 – 1985
Source: Federal Office of Statistics, Lagos
was suggested that local bakers rejecting them were doing so our of ignorance, or out of a slavish preference for imported products or whether one accepts the above arguments or not, what has become clear is that the effect of the ban on the importation of wheat was swift devastating on the bakery industry.
In Enugu Urban alone, some famous baking houses closed up. Nigerline bakery, St Georges Bakery, many bakeries and Mother’s Pride Bakery all shut down between the middle of 1986 and the end of 1987. As at the time of starting this project, not every Bakery has resumed operations.
A far more reaching effect on this ban on the industry as a whole is that it has quite clearly changes the eating habits of many Nigerians.
Ubiquitous bread on the breakfast table has vanished and the frequent sight of peoples snacking on bread in the afternoon has also disappeared.
The primary demand for bread products in this country has certainly contracted since then.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Such is the background for this study. Most baking houses are small scale business who face the task of devising survival strategies to deal with major changes in government policy that threaten their very existence.
Our focus is on suitable survival strategies for the banking industry given their operating circumstances since 1986. We are interested in finding out how those who are still in business dealt with the new condition in which they found themselves. In particular, we will be looking at the organizational changes, financial management strategies, and other operating techniques that they had to adopt in order to survive.
As for the baking houses that closed down, we shall explore whether there were forces other that the ban on imported wheat that engendered their demise. The study will cover a broad section of the bakeries in Enugu urban. See Appendix A.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
In general, the study hopes to take a close look at the baking houses in Enuguu urban since 1986. Specifically it is intended to find out the following:
(a) What changes have those who continue to operate made in their structure and method of operation in order to cope with the ban?
(b) What new financial arrangement have they made following rising production cost resulting from the ban?
(c) Have they coped with the sourcing of raw materials?
(d) What new challenges they now face three years after the ban or import flour?
For completeness, it is also necessary to examine the cases of those baking houses that were found to have closed down as a result of the ban. Although there may be problems obtaining information from some of these outfits, whose operating records may no longer be available, an effort would be made to access the general operating state of such baking houses before the ban. This should enable one determine whether such baking houses were already having serious operating difficulties before the ban or whether their extinction is to be blamed on the ban.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study should be of considerable interest to policy makers in government, to the bakers and distributors of bread products and consumers and to the public at large. The study hopefully, will give government some documented information on the effect of the major policy changes introduced in 1986. The information should enable government to establish what new measures need to be taken as well as provide some basis of determining in advance, the likely consequences of similar measures in future.
Bakers should use the study to understand fully the impact of the changes on their industry. The study will highlight how they have fared; the successful ones will see what it was that enabled them weather the consequences of the ban on wheat importation. Those who failed to do and indeed why they have ceased to be in business. In the end, the industry will be better placed to cope better with similar situations in the future.
The researcher’s understanding on the challenges and the survival strategies of small scale industries will be greatly impacted.
The bread consumers, through this work, shall gain first hand information of the difficulties the bakers go through to provide them with the bread they love to eat. They will better appreciate the need to pay a little more for this product.
The general reader will equally find the work a useful contribution to knowledge.
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
In this study, the following hypothesis have been formulated:
1. The ban on wheat importation did not cause any significant changes in the methods of operation of bakeries.
2. New challenges faced by bakers are not as a result of ban on importation of wheat and its products.
3. The sources of raw materials for bakeries remained unchanged after the ban on wheat importation.
4. New financial arrangement are made by bakers are not as a result of the increase in costs of wheat flour.
5. The ban on wheat importation did not cause the demise of a significant number of bakeries.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The emphasis of this study is on small scale bakeries in Enugu Urban. The study intends specifically to investigate the impact of ban on wheat importation on bakeries and the strategies adopted by them to survive.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study was constrained by many factors among which were time, funds, and the unco-operative attitude of some respondents.
The researcher found the study very time demanding in data collection and production. Often the researcher is rebuked for being absent from work in process of carrying out the study. Owing to the pressure of work, more intensive and extensive investigation could not be carried out.
Some respondents were unwilling to complete the questionnaire, some others completed their own reluctantly.
The study turned out to be very expensive on purchase of materials, field work and production.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to 08139462710 or 08137701720
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
Tags: EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON THE BAKING INDUSTRY
EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AND IMPACT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OWAN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of Problems 3
1.3 Objective of the Study 4
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Hypothesis 5
1.6 Significance of the Study 6
1.7 Scope of the Study 8
1.8 Definition of Terms
9
CHAPTER TWO
Review of Related Literature 12
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology and Research Design 28
3.1 Research Design 28
3.2 Area of Study 29
3.3 Population of the Study 29
3.4 Sample & Sampling Procedure/Technique 29
3.5 Instrument of Data Collection 30
3.6 Method of Data Collection 32
3.7 Method of Data Analysis 33
References 34
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Presentation and Analysis 35
CHAPTER FIVE
Findings, Conclusion & Recommendations 48
5.1 Findings 48
OF EDUCATION EXPENDITURE IN ANIGERIA (199AA
PROJECT PROPOSAA
ABSTRACT:
This research is on the evaluation of government expenditureon education and impact in public secondary schools in Owan East local government area.
The first chapter dealt on the background of the concept. It went further to state the problems of the research. It stated the objective of the study. The instrument of the research was based on primary sources
The second chapter dealt on the literature review
The research ends with findings after the data analysis, recommendations, summary and conclusion
PROJECT TOPIC:
EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITUREON EDUCATION AND IMPACT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OWAN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In Nigeria today today, formal education is in a state of crisis. While curricular reform continues to serve as an ongoing source of public policy debate, Nigerian leaders are confronting increasing difficulty in allocating educational resources to meet present and future levels of demand. The paralysis that has been unfolding is one characterized basically by education’s rising claim on public sector resources against a backdrop of widespread poor economic growth, mounting international debt, and rapidly growing populations whose demand for education can not be met readily by traditional means. There has been a positive relationship between per capita GDP and education’s share of GDP. Wide disparities suggest that since education must compete against other claims for investment resources, how efficiently education is delivered may be as important as the level of resources. Within this context, we ask what options are available to respond to Nigeria’s growing educational demand, how can they be managed, and what role can these options play in promoting accelerated economic growth and development?
Education is both a private and social investment that is shared by individual students, their families, employers, government and other groups including international agencies. The sharing arrangement varies considerably from country to country both in the proportion of public and private funds allocated to education and in the mechanism by which the cost of education is funded. It thus yields direct and indirect benefits both to individuals and to the society. The most obvious direct benefit of education to individuals is higher lifetime earning and for the society; is higher productivity of educated workers and the additional contribution to national income over their entire working lives (Psacharopoulos, 1994).
A major controversy among analysts and policy makers concerns the objectives of educational development. Some have suggested that education should be provided for its own sake, as a means of enriching individuals knowledge and developing their full personality. This concept of education has continually influenced policies in some advanced countries of the world. Others hold that education should seek to prepare people to perform functions that are essential for the transformation of their environment.
The two points of view can be considered in terms of regarding education as a consumer good or as a capital good. The notion of education as a capital good is rooted in the concept of human capital, which attaches high premium to human skills as a factor of production in the development process. A corollary of this is that human skill or productivity is just as important input in the process of development as finance, natural wealth and physical plant. Because education plays a most important role in the creation and improvement of human capital, its relevance and importance to economic growth and development are now well recognized in development planning. Experiences of developing countries during the past decades have indicated that shortage of talents and skills needed for development can decisively retard economic progress.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The rapid expansion of education system over the last three decades, compounded by the more recent global economic crisis and fiscal stringency due to over dependent on oil has left both the lower and higher education institutions in Nigeria short of funds for their operations in relation to the demand imposed on them.
The idea that education is a form of investment in human capital is one of the most important developments in economics in recent decades and it has had considerable impact on educational planning both in developed and developing countries. For both governments and individuals, the choice between different ways of investing resources rests to a large extent on an evaluation of the costs and benefits associated with the investments.
In Nigeria, the decline in the quality of education at all levels has become a fact of national life. Indeed, the most significant event in the sector in the recent past has been the continuing crisis besetting the educational system. This crisis is rooted in the deteriorating conditions within the citadels of learning, in respect to teaching facilities and other infrastructural facilities, the welfare of those engaged in the teaching profession and the ever increasing cost of education. This has culminated in student unrest and industrial actions by lecturers and teachers through their respective umbrella associations such as Academic Staff of Nigerian universities (ASUU), Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT) etc at the different levels of the educational system.
Owing to the failure of the state and local government to fund primary and secondary education appropriately, the Federal Government moved to take over the affairs of these tiers of the system at the expense of the higher education. Due to this shift in the government policy, the crisis in the Nigerian educational system, and their fundamental causes i.e the gross under funding of the institutions, poor conditions of service for teachers among other issues have continued unabated. The study seeks to evaluate the efficiency of government expenditure on the educational sector in terms of its impact on Public secondary schools in owan local government area.
.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The broad objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of education expenditure, identifying the various alternative policy options available with a view to offer the best policy recommendation. Specifically, the study intends to:
(1) determine the relationship between education expenditure and economic growth.
(2) investigate the impact of education expenditure on Public secondary schools in owan local government area
(3) assess the effect of education expenditure on the level of literacy.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In an attempt to achieve the stated objectives, the study addresses the following research questions:
1. What is the relationship between education expenditure and growth of Public secondary schools in owan local government area
of Nigeria?
2. Does expenditure education contribute to human capital development in Nigeria?
3. Does government expenditure on education impacts on the level of literacy in Nigeria?
RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
The hypotheses testing focus on the following research hypotheses:
Hypothesis I
H0: There is no significant positive relationship between education expenditure and growth of Public secondary schools in owan local government area
of Nigeria.
H1: There is significant positive relationship between education expenditure and educational
growth of Nigeria.
Hypothesis II
H0: There is no significant positive relationship between education expenditure and Human Development in Nigeria.
H1: There is significant positive relationship between education expenditure and Human Development in Nigeria.
Hypothesis III
H0: There is no significant positive relationship between education expenditure and literacy rate in Nigeria.
H1: There is significant positive relationship between education expenditure and literacy rate in Nigeria.
Where H0 = Hull Hypothesis and Ha = Alternative Hypothesis
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Despite the importance of and need for education, many low-income countries still give it less attention and lack appropriate policies to promote educational investment. Studies are very scarce on efficiency of education investment in Nigeria. What could perhaps be regarded as the pioneer study in this area is the work of Psacharopolous (1985), which uses data obtained from a 1966 survey to estimate both social and private returns for primary, secondary and higher education using the full method analysis. Briggs (1973), also uses cost-benefit analysis to consider the investment in secondary education while Aromolaran (2002) calculates the private wage return to school using human capital approach, his finding shows a lower percentage for both primary and secondary compared with higher level of education.
This study intends to improve on previous studies by looking at the role of government expenditure on education in achieving three of its fundamental objectives (1) economic growth and development, (2) human capital development, and (3) literacy. The findings of this study would serve as a yardstick for appraising the policy shift of the government away from educational funding. The findings of this study would be useful to policy-makers, practitioners in the educational sector and other interested individuals and organizations in Nigerian education sector.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
It is being argued that the increased quantity has led to a drop in quality. Besides, the dwindling funding of education by the government has also been identified as a major cause of Poor levels of education in the country
. Therefore, the scope of this study is limited to the evaluation of the efficiency of education expenditure in terms of its fundamental role.
The empirical analysis is being restricted to the period between 1990 and 2010 due to non-availability of needed data. Most of the information and data needed for the study would be gathered from existing literature and from relevant government agencies such as the Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), National Universities Commission (NUC) as well as international organizations such as United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
(i) School Enrolment: This is the rate at which students are admitted into primary schools, secondary schools or tertiary institutions.
(ii) Human Capital: This can be defined as the stock of capital embodied in people. It is the investment that human beings make in themselves to improve their quality.
(iii) Labour Force: This is the total number of people whose age falls within the working age whether they are employed or not. This is also known as the working population.
(iv) Economic Development: Generally defined as the improvement in material welfare (poor) eradication of illiteracy, diseases and early death, changes in the composition of inputs and outputs that generally includes shifts in the underlying structure of production away from agriculture towards industrial activities. Thus, the concept of economic development implies the entire transformation of the economy, from an undesirable state, to a desirable state.
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Tags: EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AND IMPACT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OWAN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE CASH RECEIPT GENERATION SYSTEM FOR A SUPERMARKET.(A CASE STUDY OF ROBAN STORES LTD)
ABSTRACT
This project work, is a computerization of cash receipt system of an organization. It entails maintaining database files of different sources of receipt whose scope and limitation are based on.
Sales and purchases Receipts/Invoices inquiry on Total Balance and generation of report.
But before we venture into that, attention should be drawn to the introductory part, the literature review and later the analysis of the existing system and the design of the new system.
Since, there is constrain in time, this project will not go on exhaustive treatment of every expected module, rather will represent only sales and purchases receipt modules with two other operational modules subset of the broad menu.
Nevertheless, there is provision for onward development of those expected modules and for other sources of receipts and other operations to suit any organization.
It is not the intention here to treat each module separately hence the entire project is menu driven to cover some of the facilities present.
Lastly, it is an optimistic fact that after going through the text, one would be able to
- Know what is achieved
- Having a clear knowledge of the project organization in relation to other sources and problems.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page ii
Approval iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vi
Table of content. viii
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction 1
1.1 Justification of the project 2
1.2 Purpose of the study 3
1.3 Statement of the problem 3
1.4 Scope of the project 4
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review 6
CHAPTER THREE
Description and analysis of the existing system 8
3.1 Introduction 8
3.2 Definition of System Analysis 8
3.3 Data Gathering 9
3.4 Preliminary Report 12
3.5 Analysis of Data 14
CHAPTER FOUR
Design of the new system 22
4.1 Design Phase 22
4.2 Top Down Approach 23
4.3 Design Particulars 23
4.4 System Specifications 26
CHAPTER FIVE
Implementation 32
Introduction 32
CHAPTER SIX
5.1 Documentation 35
5.2 Constraint (limitation) 35
CHAPTER SEVEN
Recommendation and Conclusion 37
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Cash receipt generating system is a viable source in any business organization and ventures and so on, its main purpose is to maintain a more reliable records of money coming into the organization firm and money going out from the firm. This is look upon the view that the business organization must have that exchange market with each other. It is a sore fact that the most have been a contract of which, there is an obligatory task that stands the terms of agreement it could be a payment to their client or partners or from their client who pays into their own account. Another thing matters weather it will be cash without remark balance or install mental and how many installment it is going to be.
This is clearly stated in the organization activities and manner of operation. When ever there is payment, there is also the issuing of receipts this is centered on the writing of what each party has in stock.
1.1 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
For there to be a computerized business operation, the business most be look upon in new way of existence. No only being concerned with customers, prices output and so forth one should also consider the fact that data forms, information flows, procedures etc. it is momentous on the basic fact that computers are used as a coexisting element to information systems. This application is effective and productive because it enhances to process a more better information system (Automated)
On this work, we shall basically lok upon the possibility of making the outline orderly model of designing effect changes. The process of changing system is systematic such that it is a repetitive process. It is a fact to say that every system has what is called life cycle especially information system. By reviewing and modifying them, we say. It is a system development cycle. The routine is always cyclical. It is on the system development that the familiar input processing output feedback pattern of all systems. The system development contains the output which consist of various organization information systems. The feedback components helps evaluate the effectiveness of the system in terms of changing requirements.
IN THE PROCESSING COMPONENTS WE HAVE THREE PARTS
System Analysis
System Design
System Implementation.
None of these parts can be considered apart from the other two. To be courtesy, I would say that the activities involved in system development is interlinked set.
1.2 DEFINITION OF PURPOSE
The rate of accepting different sources of receipt by the topic of term paper into an organization keeping track of the files can at any time operates the organizations and clients financial report.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Cash Receipt system of Rorban Stores LTD is to keep records of all receipts of purchases and sales made.
By so doing, they keep information concerning each transaction such as the name of client, address, data of transaction, description of goods. Quantity of goods, model number of the goods, the amount of the goods.
Inside this record the company can then know the financial reports of both the clients and the organization itself.
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(2) Email Address
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BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
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OR
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Bank: UBA.
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CAUTION/WARNING
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Tags: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE CASH RECEIPT GENERATION SYSTEM FOR A SUPERMARKET.(A CASE STUDY OF ROBAN STORES LTD)
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SERVICE ORGANIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED PUBLIC SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS IN PORTHARCOURT, RIVERS STATE
ABSTRACT
Conflict management in Nigeria Public Service Organizations has been fully investigated. Data for the research has been collected through the use of questionnaires and personal interview of the sample population. The hypothesis stated were tested using both the chi-square and test of population statistical tools.
The findings of the research shows that most Nigerian public service organizations do have well defined conflict management procedures, there exists a positive and significant relationship between the effective implementation of conflict management techniques and improved organizational harmony/productivity, as well as the fact that there exists a positive and significant relationship labor participation in decision making and improved labor management relations.
The study problems identified includes; lack of basic skills and abilities to manage conflicts,dictatorship,high-handedness and oftentimes the unwillingness of management to engage labor in meaningful dialogues and negotiations among others.
The study recommends management’s integration of its workforce in its decision making process in order to promote understanding and reduce conflict relations among others.
Lastly, the study suggests that the evaluation of employee contribution to improve organizational productivity under a conflict-free employment relationship should be the focus of future research.
CHAPTER ONE:
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
Industrial conflict occurs within the general context of industrial relations in work organizations basically as a result of a disagreement within or between workers or labor organizations and management arising from differences in interests and values. The above view is corroborated by Fashoyin, T. (1989) when he observes that “since the civil war, management conflicts have assumed unprecedented levels. These conflicts arise from inherent opposing interests of employers and employees in work relations”. Infact, Ahiauzu, A. (1999) observes quite frankly that conflict in industry is unlikely to be totally avoided due to the following; “the variegated nature of human make up,factors residing within industrial mode of work organizations and the way the entire industrial society is organized”
The study of industrial relations can be traced to the days of the classical economists of the 19th century such as Adam Smith, Reverend Malthus and David Ricardo who were in the limited extent that labor was seen as a factor of production. In effect, these economists saw insufficient difference between labor and other factors to explain the complex nature of labor input into production. Yet,labor itself,as a factor of production “is more greatly influenced by the social and economic work environment, together with other environmental factors which have far-reaching effects on labor than by other factors of production” Fashoyin, T. (1989:4).
However,at the end of the 19th century,the conservative view of the classical economists gave way to those of the social reformers,such Sidney and Beatrice Webb and Karl,(1920). These scholars agreed that the view of classical economists did not recognize the agonizing and traumatic experience of the laboring class which they argued could be ameliorated by the institution of trade unionism. Indeed,this marked the birth of trade unionism defined by the Webbs as a “continuous association of wage earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their working lives” Sidney and Beatrice Webb(1920)
Today,the activities of trade unions or industrial unions have become heightened especially in their quest to protect the employment conditions of their members. These trade union activities are embodied in the general framework of industrial relations which according to Yesufu, T.M. (1989:5) is concerned with labor problems in all their ramifications;
For example,
– Employment problems and employment security
– Conditions of work: hours of work, shifts, holidays etc
– Remuneration; level, frequency, methods of wage payments and employer grievances and disputes;
– Levels of production and efficiency;
– Safety health and welfare at work;
– Social security; sickness and old age benefits, maternity leave, employment injury compensation;
– Employee development; training, upgrading and promotions”
Usually,when these expectations by labor are not met by management,conflict arises. Conflict management thus becomes very challenging and requires the combination of concerted skills and manipulation to keep organizational peace together. This perennial problem has thus necessitated this study on conflict management in Nigeria Public Service organizations. Indeed, Nigeria Public Service Organizations can achieve success in the area of effective conflict management if they are able to urgently promote dialogue between them and their respective work forces and smoothen all areas of conflict.
1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
Conflict management in Nigeria Public Service Organizations has become critical issue to contain with especially given the frequency at which conflicts occur today in Nigeria Public Organizations. Conflicts arise between and among parties basically as a result of threats to goals,policies and values of each contending party. The crux of the matter therefore lies in properly identifying the necessary skills to reduce and manage such conflict situations.
Regrettably though,most Nigeria organizations have failed in their bid to effectively manage conflicts because of the lack of basic skills and abilities. Management in most instances have been dictatorial,high-handed and oftentimes not ready to engage labor in any meaningful dialogue and negotiation. The resultant effect of this posture has been largely responsible for the frequent loss of man-hours through work stoppages/picketing, willful and wantom destruction of company property, pilfering and other forms of sabotage. In sum, if conflict management in Nigeria Public Service Organizations is to be successful, efforts must be made to listen to and engage conflicting parties in meaning negotiation and dialogue. It is therefore the objective of the research to identify factors that have served as constraints to effective conflict management in Nigeria Public Service Organizations and measures necessary to ensure a better management-labor relationship.
1.3. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY:
The purpose of this study is aimed at examining the concept of conflict management in Nigeria Public Service Organizations. The study will specifically focus on the strategies and methodologies adopted by Nigerian Public Services Organizations in managing conflicts.
Specifically,the study will identify and discuss;
- The sources/causes of conflicts in manufacturing firms.
- The forms/types of industrial conflicts
- The strategies or methods mostly employed by Nigerian organizations in conflict management.
- The problem encountered by Nigeria Public Service Organizations in managing conflicts
- The methods and techniques that are most likely to minimize the incidence of conflict situations in Nigeria Public Service Organizations.
1.4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
The following research questions are necessary for this research:
- What factors affect the effective management of conflicts in Nigeria Public Service Organization?
- How does the top management of Nigeria Public Service Organization deal with conflict situations in order to facilitate the smooth running of their respective organizations
- To what extent does problems arising from ineffective conflict management result in low productivity of Nigeria Public Service Organizations?
- Does effective participation of labor in decision-making improve labor-management relations in Nigeria Public Service Organizations.
1.5. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:
The following research hypothesis are necessary for this research:
H0: Most Nigeria Public Service Organizations do not have well defined conflict management procedures.
H1: There is no positive and significant relationship between the effective implementation of conflict management techniques and improved organizational harmony/productivity.
H3: There is no positive and significant relationship between labor participation in decision-making and improve labor-management relations.
1.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
This study on conflict management in Nigeria Public Service Organizations is indeed imperative as a bold attempt at finding lasting solutions to the perennial problems of labor-management crisis occasioned by differences in interests,values and goals. The expectation is that through this study,organizational managers will be presented with useful strategies that if implemented will reduce the incidence of conflicts in their organizations
Managers will also be exposed to practical problems associated with conflict management and how to deal with them. The findings of this research ill not only be of benefit to organizational managers but also to labor and the public at large. Specifically, managers will gain hind-sight into how best to handle employee demands, promote dialogue and negotiation between it and labor. Labor on the other hand will gain knowledge on practical strategies that will facilitate meaningful dialogue and co-operation between it and management thus promoting industrial harmony.
Finally, the public is expected to benefit from this research through gainful insight to what characterizes the relationship between management and labor as well as its expected role in periods of deadlocks.
1.7. SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
This research work is a case study of randomly selected public service organizations in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Four public service organizations are involved in the study. They are two brewery firms-Nigeria Breweries (Plc) and Consolidated Breweries Ltd Port Harcourt and two soft drinks manufacturing firms, Nigeria Bottling Co. Plc and 7up (Nig). Plc. All firms have their factory/plants depots in Port Harcourt.
The study will be limited to randomly selected top, middle and lower level personnel in the different departments/work groups of the organizations being studied. The objectives is to obtain a broad view of the workforce and be able to evaluate the extent to which conflict management has been tackled in their respective organizations
1.8. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
In a research of this magnitude, a lot of factors are expected to constitute hinderances. Time, financial constraints and the attitude of respondents are likely to constitute major set-backs. Being an area where considerable research work has been done, efforts will be made to do a thorough review of the related literature.
1.9. DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Conflict:
It is a situation in which there is disagreement within or between workers or labor organizations and management based on differences in interest and values.
Conflict Management:
It is a situation characterized by the use of skills and specialized abilities to restore normalcy in a troubled situation or circumstance.
1.10. SUMMARY:
In this chapter, a general introduction of the subject has been done. The chapter has highlighted some of the factors that have militated against effective conflict management in Nigeria organizations. The works of earlier researchers have been cited as a foundation to this study.
There is no gainsaying that effective conflict management has a great impact on employee morale and improve productivity.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
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BANK ACCOUNTS
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Account Number: 0046579864
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OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
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But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
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No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
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That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
Tags: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SERVICE ORGANIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED PUBLIC SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS IN PORTHARCOURT, RIVERS STATE
CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In the era of post colonialism, Nigeria has at one time or another, embarked upon certain policies that have political economic implications. For instance, from 1960 to date, Nigeria has introduced indigenization and nationalization policy, operation feed the Nation (OFN), Austerity measure, structural adjustment programme (SAP), Deregulation of oil sector, Resource control Privatization and commercialization of public enterprises to mention but a few. The critical question here remains. How many of these policies have been able to restructure the political economy of Nigeria to the tune of alleviating the yearnings and aspirations of the working class.
The world no doubt is moving towards capitalization and any nation that is not moving towards this direction is seen as either not developing or even retrogressing. A capitalist economy is a free market economy which allows most economic decisions to be guided by the twin forces of demand and supply. Since capitalization discourages monopoly but encourages competitive market, it therefore enhances efficiency and high productivity which is very vital in any developing country’s economy. In Nigeria, most government owned industries and establishments remain citadels of corruption, studies in efficiency and consequently a heavy drain on the economy. As a means of curbing this menace, the Brettonwoods institutions (IMF & WORLD BANK) have advocated the twin policies of privatization and commercialization. Incidentally, Nigeria has fully adopted this policy and is embarking on it with frenzy
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Privatization and commercialization of public enterprises is a vital tool for the upliftment of a country’s political economy, more especially the developing countries like Nigeria. Regrettably, the problems facing this privatization and commercialization program is numerous to include:
a. Corruption
b. Lack of transparency
c. Lack of accountability
d. Inconsistency and
e. Incredibility.
However, it is based on these problems that the basic propositions of this privatization and commercialization program are being hindered. In trying to look into these discrepancies and proffer a way forward towards a positive state of privatization and commercialization of public enterprises in Nigeria, this research work emanated.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This paper will take a general look on the evolution of public enterprises in Nigeria, after and the rationale for its establishment. To assess the factors that led to the privatization and commercialization of these public co-operations and its origin. Thirdly, this work will also evaluate the various privatization and commercialization programs embarked by the Nigerian government from 1988 to 2010. Finally, it is the objective of this research work to fish out those problems that have obstructed the full propositions of privatization and commercialization program as it concern its implementation and as well proffer a way towards actualizing its objectives so as to foster political cum economic growth and development of this highly endowed country Nigeria.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
This work will tend to ask some relevant questions like:-
1. What caused the evolution of the public enterprises in Nigeria?
2. What are the reasons why these public enterprises have to be sold despite the rationales for its establishment?
3. Can these corporations function well under the care of the state rather than being privatized whether wholly or partly?
4. How far has this privatized enterprises gone in boosting efficiency and high productivity to benefiting Nigerians as a whole whether poor or rich, higher place or less privileged?
5. Who are the main beneficiaries of the privatization and commercialization program?
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
a) Corruption is the cause of the poor performance of the public corporations
b) Good and transparent governance is the key to an efficient public enterprise
c) A well implemented privatization and commercialization programs boosts political economy of a country.
d) Politicization of privatization and commercialization of public enterprises will lead to theses enterprise inefficiency when sold out.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY AND LIMITATION OF STUDY
The scope of this research work focused strictly on those privatization and commercialization programs that have been embarked upon by Nigerian government from 1988 to 2010. This work will lead us to the evolution of public enterprises in Nigeria and also examine why they later turned out to be sold or privatized, partly or wholly. Finally, to analyze how politics been played by past administrations since 1988 towards this programme have ridicules this whole exercise.
LIMITATIONS O F THE STUDY
On the course of this research, the following problems were encountered, like short time frame. Financing problem, scarcity of information or data, etc. this is due to mainly, the wide scope of this study which emphasizes on a complex institution like Nigeria. The longer duration of the subject matter to study, which dates from 1988 to 2010 concerning privatization and commercialization program of public enterprises in Nigeria, also contributed. Now, the implication is that the short time frame mapped out for this research work posed a problem of assessing these programs as whole, but that doesn’t threat the authentication and quality of this work.
Again, enough financing of the accomplishment of this work became a problem in the sense that gathering information was costly, the researcher needed enough money to gather them.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research work will help the government and readers to understand those benefits that privatization and commercialization programme embodies which we have neglected and politicized with in the past. In understanding this on the side of the government, it will allow them to rethink and work towards real implementation of it thereby creating a room for the rapid growth and development of this country. At the other hand, it will go a long way to create an avenue for more academic research.
Haven known this, it is worthy to conclude that the main beneficiaries of this study lies on the government and other readers respectively.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Public Corporations: Public corporation or enterprise as defined by Adamolekun (1983), are organizations that emerged as a result of government acting in the capacity of an entrepreneur. They can be seen as those corporations or enterprise built, owned and managed by the government. They are being financed with public fund, especially through taxation and also operate on monopoly.
PRIVATIZATION: Privatization can be defined as the transfer of ownership and control of enterprises from the state to the private sector. Iheme, (1997) defines privatization as any of a variety of measurers adopted by government to expose a public enterprise to competition or to bring in private ownership or control or management into a public enterprises and accordingly to reduce the usual weight of public ownership or control or management.
Commercialization: Commercialization is act of making government owned enterprises profit oriented. Commercialization can be full or partial according to the Bureau of public enterprises Act of 1993. In both full and partial commercialization, no divestment of the federal Governments shareholding will be involved and subject to the general regulatory powers of the federal Government.
Capitalism: Capitalism means the economic system in which property is privately owned and goods are privately produced. It is some times referred to as the private enterprise system. It is the private ownership of the business of a society with the freedom of private owners to use, buy and sell their property or services on the market at voluntarily agreed prices and terns, with only minimal interference with such transactions by the state or other authoritative third parties.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
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Tags: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
ATTITUDE OF CONSUMERS TOWARDS PUBLIC UTILITIES.
(A CASE STUDY OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY FORMERLY CALLED NEPA)
ABSTRACT
The success or failure of product or service depends on the attitude of consumers towards it. That is why the research instrument I used was questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire was drawn and randomly distributed within the indicated area of study. The research also made use of oral interview to supplement questionnaire.
Data was collected from seven zones such as New Heaven, Asata, Achala-Layout, Ogui Urban, Ogui New Layout, Ogbete (Camp) and Agabni Road.
Bourley was used to determine the sample size.
Also, chi-square was used to analyze the hypothesis and know also when to accept or reject the null and alternative hypothesis.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problems
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Scope of the study
1.5 Limitation of the study
1.6 Research hypothesis
1.7 Significance of the study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 consumer behaviour
2.2 Marketing application of consumer behaviour theory
2.3 How to measure attitude
2.4 Concept of public utilities
References
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Research methodology
3.2 Instrument of data collection
3.3 Area of coverage
3.4 Population of the study
3.5 Sample size determination/procedure
3.6 Validity of instrument instruments
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSION OF FINDINGS
4.0 Data presentation and analysis
4.1 Data presentation result summary and findings
4.2 Testing of hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summaries of finding, recommendation s and conclusion
5.1 Summary of finding
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusion
Reference
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This research work is aimed at determine attitude of consumers towards public utilities.
The power holding company (formally called NEPA) was established by Decree No 24 of 1st April 1972 with the amalgamation of Electricity corporation of Nigeria (ECN) and Niger Dan Authority (NDA). Power Holding Company formerly called NEPA was empowered to maintain an efficient coordinated and economic system of Electricity supply to all the Nooks and Crannies of the nation. Major power stations namely Yola, Delta and Afam thermal power station of Kanji power station serving more than two million customers nationwide. They propelled the nations technological and industrial growth, Power Holding Company formerly called NEPA has become the fastest and biggest growing electricity industry in Africa and in deed the developing world with impending condition like he ever-rising consumers debts vandalization of NEPA installation, high cost of maintenance inadequate gas supply, low water level at the hydro power station, high cost of foreign exchange and the abysmally low tariff regime.
Power Holding Company formerly called NEPA has always striven to meet its distribution and marketing of stable electricity to its numerous residential commercial and industrial customer against all odds. Inspite of some of its familiar operational shortcomings, PHC has made gaint – strides in the production and marketing of Electricity to the nation and beyond. A principal beneficiary of PHC. Extended electricity programme is the Republic of Niger under agreement with NIGELEC (Niger Electric Company) that country’s electricity monopoly.
Similarly, in Sept 1996 an undertaking was signed between PHC and commercial Electrique Du Benin(CEB) which is responsible for the production transportation of electric energy in the Republic of Benin and Togo. Nigeria Government Policy on the development of public corporation was clearly defined in the year 1970/1974 Second National Development Plan document as follows:
“Statutory corporation and state owned company have become an important tools to public entertainment in the development process. Their primary aim is to stimulate and accelerate national scarcity and structural defects in private business organization. There are also basic consideration arising from the dangers of leaving vital sectors of the national economy to the wimps and caprice of the private sector often with the direct and remote control of foreign large scale industrial companies. Public corporation are therefore crucial in Nigerians quest true National economic independence and self reliance. The Power Holding Company formerly called NEPA being one of the statutory corporations is a household name.
Presently, the corporation is gradually bringing a lot of re-thinking into the minds of Nigerian entrepreneur both private and public from making them to actually appreciate the modern market concepts, a management
orientation which hold the key task of the organization to deliver the desired satisfactory service more effectively and efficiently.
Meanwhile, one of the implication of the concepts is that the consumers in any market segment will favour the offer of the organization who come close to satisfying the consumer’s particular needs and wants. Therefore, it is necessary for an organization to seek to understand customers preference, habits behaviour and criticism and to do this, the organization has to research into those things that attract consumers interest and influence their behaviour.
Moreover, setting up an organization for the purpose mentioned before, an organization should better hold it responsible that survival of the organization depends much on the attitude of consumers towards the organization and its product or services.
However the main priority of the management of Power Holding Company formerly called NEPA at Enugu metropolis is to identify influences on the attitude of consumers towards the organization the knowledge of variables, the consumers opinions, feelings and ideas about their services will help management of the marketing mix in other to achieve their objective. Also, it will enhance growth, expansion and to ensure greater rate of returns in public utilities. PHC. As a monopolist service industry recognize the important variable and even exploring other means of providing better services. Discussions on PHC features regularly on the pages of the periodical and dallies as well, as on the Radio and Television Programme. The frequency at which the newspaper and margarines publish materials on PHC tends to portrary the importance of electricity industry economic development.
Finally, this research work is a conscious effort towards X- raying the overall customers attitude in relations to productivities and efficient power supply of electricity often referred to as heart beat of the nation.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
This study is intended to find out the attitude of consumers towards
Public utilities. The growth and survival of an organization such as NEPA is paramount. This positive growth achievement of organizational goal is anchored on the effective performance of the organization.
The problem is to determine the people’s response to price of public utilities positively or negatively. They respond negatively when PHC give much bills to consumers, which they did not expect.
Determine consumers view about Power Holding Company formerly called NEPA and also determine the extent to which public demand PHC services.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The persistent public out cry over the authority’s erratic power supply juxtaposed with the numerous excuse offered by the Authority, some of which tends to expose the consumers to blame for the cause of the matter while the consumer accuses PHC of inadequate service and the Authority also make counter accusation on the consumers for what it describes as their non co-operative attitude.
It is in the face of this controversy that the researcher embarked on this project with the following.
1. To determine the ideas, attitude and consumers view about PHC at Enugu metropolis.
- To determine the extend to which service of PHC is demanded compared to other public utilities
- To find out the impression consumer have about the price of organization service on relations to its quality.
- To analyse ways of wining consumers favourable attitude and there improve the share among other service.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is limited to finding out how consumers rate or regards services rendered by public corporation with special reference to Power Holding Company formerly called NEPA Enugu office.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
During the course of writing the project topic the research encountered some problem associated with finance, time and data collections.
FINANCE: Finance is the background of every plan going by the present economic hardship facing the entire country, I have limited finance which will not also found it difficult to purchase much of my requirement so I could only carry out the research works much, my purpose could carry me.
TIME: One of the greatest shortcoming was time factor for the mere fact that I am a student taking recognizance of the academic region facing me as a final year student and it is incumbent on me to attend classroom lectures carryout assignment, writing of term papers. Therefore I could not find it convient in completing such until this task, particularly in the area of field survey, which involves going out in Enugu metropolis. Data collection.
DATA COLLECTION: Collection of information of a several from actual users may not be willing to give reasons, why they use it, where as some will not want to disclose their income level of relevant information about the information themselves in cost case, the deflect appointment.
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis according to Webster means “A presentation put forward
a basis for reasoning a sub-position formulated from proved data and presented as a temporary explanation of occurrence as science in order to establish a basis for future use.
Ho: Power Holding Company formerly called NEPA, service, price and quality are not acceptable to consumer.
H1: Power Holding Company formerly called NEPA, service, price and quality are acceptable to consumer.
Ho: Consumer attitude towards the service of Power Holding Company formerly called NEPA are not favourable.
H1: Consumer attitude towards the service of Power Holding Company formerly called NEPA are favourable.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It will also be seen as a reference point for students who might be carrying out research on similar or related topic. It will also help the government to assess the services ability of Power Holding Company formerly called NEPA and know whether to constitute similar or parallel organization. It will help the Power Holding Company Management to identify areas that they are lacking and effective ways of increasing performance for customer satisfaction.
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Tags: ATTITUDE OF CONSUMERS TOWARDS PUBLIC UTILITIES. (A CASE STUDY OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY FORMERLY CALLED NEPA)
THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ORGANISATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO COMPANY ENUGU)
ABSTRACT
Decision is the point at which plans, policies and objectives are translated into concrete action. It is noted that Managers, do consider decision making to be the heart of their job in that they must always choose what is to be done, they influences the ordinary employees in decision making.
The objective of the research is to know the impact of employees participation in decision making on organizational productivity in Nigerian public sector organizations.
Structural questionnaires were administered to 210 respondents which include the management (senior) and intermediate staff of the company, through the employees participating in the decision making will result to high productivity in the organization.
Data collected are analysed in a tabular form using a simple percentage of formular to get the findings. The results were discussed in terms of the need for the employee to participate in the decision making in an organization to boost productivity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
List of Tables
CHAPTER ONE:
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of study
1.2 Statement of problems
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Scope of the study
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1.6 Significance of the study
1.7 Limitation of the study
1.8 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review of Related Literature
2.1 The Concept of participation
2.2 Factors that influence participation
2.3 Prerequisites for participation
2.4 Forms of Employees participation
2.5 Different needs for participation
2.6 View Expressed
2.7 Constraints to participate
2.8 Argument for participation
2.9 Argument against participation
References
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Design and Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Area of the study
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sample and Sampling procedure
3.5 Instrument for data collection
3.6 Validation of the instrument
3.7 Reliability of the instrument
3.8 Method of data collection
3.9 Method of data analysis
References
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Presentation and Analysis
4.1 Presentation and Analysis of Data
4.2 Testing of Hypothesis
4.3 Summary of Results
References
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion, Recommendation and Conclusion
5.1 Discussion of Result/Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Implications of Result/Findings
5.4 Recommendations
5.5 Suggestions for further research
Bibliography
Appendix
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
It should be known first that a decision is a choice whereby a person forms a conclusion about a situation Costello, I Wand Zalkind, S.S. (1963 p. 334), confined the term decision making, to a choice process, choosing one from among several possibilities. However, election theory in Costello, T.W. et al (1963, p. 387) largely considers decision as asking the process of making a single choice among course of action at a particular point in time. This depicts a course of behaviour about what must be done or vice versa.
Decision, however, is the point at which plans, policies and objectives are translated into concrete actions. Planning engenders decision guided by company policy and objectives, policies, procedures and programmes. The aim of decision making is to channel human behaviour towards a future goal.
Decision making is one of the most germane activities of management. It has been the preoccupation of all the management of multifarious organization ranging from small-scale organization to multinational corporations.
Managers many at times consider decision making to be the heart of their job in that they must always choose what is to be done, who will do it, when, where and most of the time how it will be done.
Traditionally, managers influence the ordinary employees and specifically, their immediate subordinate in the organization. This has resulted in managers making natural decision even in area affecting their subordinates. In Germany, around 1951, a law enacted which provides for code termination and requires labour membership in the supervisory board and executive committee of certain large corporations. However, the participation of labour in decision making process results to relatively and peacefully labour management relations.
Additionally, the Japanese management WSES decision making by concensus in which lower – level employee initiate the reaches the desk of the top executive. If the proposal is approved, it is returned to the initiator for implementation.
It is in this context, that the researcher wishes to assess the impact of employees participation in decision making on organisational productivity in Nigerian Public Sector organization, using Anammco Company as a case study.
1.2 STATEMENTOF THE PROBLEM:
There has been a lot of controversy as to whether an employee should participate in managerial decision making or not. Some writers argued that employees where it affects them or their jobs, it is expected that such participation will serve as training and testing ground for future members of upper management.
In Nigeria, experts that refuted the above assertion see the arrangement as a symptom of malorganisation. They maintained that, qualified, reasonably, honest and company oriented individuals are not available at these lower organizational level. But the big question is, are qualified individuals really available? All these underlay the need for investigation study.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY:
The general purpose of this empirical study is to assess the impact of employees participation in managerial decision making in public sector organization in Nigeria with reference to Anammco Company Limited.
1. To assess the impact of employees participation in management decision making.
2. To ascertain the impact of employees participation or non-participation in management decision on productivity of the organization.
3. To make recommendation based on the research findings.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
This research work focuses particularly on the impact of employees participation in decision making and organizational productivity using Anammco Company, Enugu as a case study.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
In a view to accomplishing this research work effectively, the research poses the following:
1. Do management staff make decision without per and post discussion and consultation with employees?
2. Do management change decision when rejected by employees?
3. To what extent do employees participate in decision making?
4. How often do employees meet to discuss without managers?
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:
The researcher formulates the following hypothesis base on the objectives and problems of this research work.
Ho: Management staff makes decision without per and post discussion and consultation with employees.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
This research work will be relevant to the managers and employees of Anammco Company.
It will also be beneficial to other public sector organization in Nigeria – it will also be of prodigious importance to government, academically, potentially and future researches on the issue of employee participation in managerial decision making. This empirical study is also germane to the researcher since it is a partial requirement for the award of Higher National Diploma in Business Administration and Management.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
A work of this nature is not easy to consummate or accomplish. And, as a result, financial problem, time constriaints, apathy on the part of the respondents and bureaucratic procedures involved in releasing data seriously affected the study.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS:
1. Decision Making: The selection from among alternative of
a course of action.
2. Management: Management is made up of top and middle level
management. Top management include shareholder, Board of Directors, Managing Director, or Chief Executive/General Manager (i.e management above departmental level), middle management includes Heads of Department, Managers, Deputy and Assistant Managers.
3. Productivity: A measure of how well resources are brought
together in organization and utilized for accomplish a set of results.
4. Germane: Relevant, important, pertinent.
5. Heart of their job: As it is used in the research work means
their main job.
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Bank: UBA.
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Tags: THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ORGANISATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO COMPANY ENUGU)
URBANIZATION A PROBLEM TO FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT.
A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE
ABSTRACT
In this research on Urbanization – A problem to Food Production and Agricultural development in Enugu State, effort were made to address issues that are related to the problems, cause, effects, challenges, practice and solutions to the future management as it Concerns man and his environment and his economic system, health security as well as food through agriculture and its related sectors.
However, urbanization has been the problem of the world today especially in Enugu State it has taken its stand through the regional development which was enhanced by Evolution of Industrial Technologies, coupled with migration population movement of the people, which contributed grossly to the problem facing food and Agriculture in the state.
These has been found as the major causes of food scarcity, disease, hunger and other related environmental hazards across the state.
Furthermore, there is need for an legend attention to be given as to arrest its havoc and by may doing. Create a good system of equitable redistribution of technological method to agricultural sector, and provide funding to all the sectors. And to check mate the raising harzard which Urbanization Constitutes in our environment today.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY:
In this study, we are focusing on two major issues, which are closely related to one aspect of development that has posed a great threat to the other and can easily engulf it. If adequate attention is not given to arrest and manage each problem as it concerns the other.
In this topic, the problem here rests on urbanization-a PROBLEM TO FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ENUGU STATE.
In definition, the word Urbanization are derived from the former word urban, which were mainly known as a place where different people with different interest from other parts of the services in Country or state exchange goods and services in Common, with higher concentration of people dwelling in such place for their enormous activities. The latter Urbanization is based on the larger development of certain environment in our society, for example, State, Local Towns and Villages by higher Concentration of people and infrastructures, such as high network roads, school, markets Churches, hospitals offices, Industries, railways and airports factories communication outfits, as well as dwelling places, which were enhanced by evolution of industrial technologies.
While the other food production and Agricultural Development were based on natural resources.
Surrounding Our environment, for example, rich fertile Soil, Plants crops, animals of all kind and other minerals that system the people in their given environment.
However it has been a problem based on inability to produce enough food materials and to the sustainability of its growth and development in our Society as enough consideration has not been given to our natural and physical resources another agricultural sector.
Today, due to high rate of Urbanization in Enugu State and its environs, most natural and physical elements that promote good health and agricultural – occupational development of the economic well being of the people are easily neglected to Urbanization and its socio-politics-economic pursuits.
In recent past as the activities of trade merchants increased in certain towns, such places were placed to be the seat of authority, so as to maintain law and order and to regulate rules, which will guide the people, especially for collection of taxes in such areas.
Basically, the advent of technology which come to stay completed more people to focus on new ideas of sustaining a living, and people also began to develop by increasing mental knowledge, thereby Greating more easy going jobs.
In any way, this did not go down well especially in Enugu State, because of lack of equal redistribution of technological ideas to different sectors, of the people.
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Hypothesis
1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8 Assumptions
1.9 Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources of Literature
2.2 The Review
2.3 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Research Sample
3.4 Measuring Instrument
3.5 Data Collection
3.6 Data Analysis
3.7 Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
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Tags: URBANIZATION A PROBLEM TO FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT. A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE
