TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Brief Historical of the Case under study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Scope of the study
1.6 Limitation of the study
1.7 Assumption of the study
1.8 Research Hypothesis
1.9 Definition of terms
References
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Standard Costing and Overview
2.1.1 Characteristics of Standard Costing
2.1.2 Misconception of standard costing
2.1.3 Criticism of standard costing
2.1.4 Advantages of standard costing
2.1.5 Disadvantages of standard costing
2.2 Essential features of standard costing
2.2.1 Standard Cost Card
2.2.2 Type of Standard
2.2.3 Setting standard
2.2.4 Revision of Standard
2.3 Accounting Variance
2.4 Controllable and Uncontrollable Variance
2.5 Favourable and Unfavourable Variance
2.6 Areas Standard Costing helps in improving management efficiency
References
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Design and Methodology
3.1 Selection of Data
3.1.1 Primary Data
3.1.2 Secondary Data
3.2 Collection of Data
3.3 Tools of data Analysis
3.4 Reliability of data
CHAPTER FOUR:
4.0 Data presentation and analysis
4.1 Presentation of data
4.2 Analysis of data
4.3 Testing Hypothesis
4.4 Interpretation of result
CHAPTER FIVE:
5.0 Summary of findings
5.1 Summaries of findings
5.2 Conclusion from the study
5.3 Recommendation
References
Bibliography
Appendices
ABSTRACT
The impact of standard costing on profitability and managerial effectiveness of a manufacturing industry. The standard cost reveals the goals, spur actions, and provide check or controls such that exceptional profit oriented goal performance can be achieved and on the reverse, adequate punishment to be exercised for bad performance. Standard costs cause appraised to be made over production facilities and from management intentions and capabilities and is a first step in strength and weakness appraisal.
There also led to the preference of standard costing to other methods with the development of standard of standard costing system in 1920s, it was brought into the accounting system that total variances might be accumulated as well as detailed variances.
It is believed that standard costing helps management to plan for future, and if any justification is required for this project on the effects of standard costing on profitability’s and managerial effectiveness of a manufacturing industries.
Firstly, the financial management should penetrate into every cranny of the enterprise and indoctrinate all management in their working habits. Secondly, cost should be given the maximum attention while emphasis on the effects.
Finally, since revenue less cost gives balance profit, the profit should be increase as it is what industry is aiming at.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The impact of standard costing on profitability and managerial effectiveness of a manufacturing industry. The standard costing as a tool for either improves or not improving profitability and managerial effectiveness. Unlike its contemporaries in the field of science, it deals with human beings and calculating significant information. Standard costing as a long established concept is the management function of planning and control. In effect, yardstick has been of vital importance for planning and control exercise. As a matter of facts, problems associated with production and earning a profit was recognized for many years before the concept of standard costing was invented.
One of the earlier attempt at costing was by James Dodson. He showed how the books were kept by a shoemaker ranging from this period onwards, there was a steady development of costing developed in the time of our early scientific management proponents such as Fredrick W. Taylor, Henry Fayol and others.
These standards cost reveal goals, spur actions and efforts for effective management and equally provide checks such that exceptional profit oriented goal performance can be achieved and the reverse adequate punishment to be exercised for bad performance. Standard costs cause appraisal to be made over production facilities and form management intentions and capabilities and is a first step strength and weakness appraisal. These led to the preference of standard costing to other method. With the development of standard costing system in 1920s, it was brought into the accounting system such that total variances might be accumulated as well as detailed variances. These steps gave rise to formal expression that significant costs were not actual and historical cost but standard or planning costs and their variances.
1.1 BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDS:
Ferdinand Industries Nigeria Ltd is a company used in this study. This company is located at Urualla in Ideato North Local Government Area of Imo State of Nigeria. It is a limited liability company incorporated in1975. The management of industries is made up of:
(i) Executive Directors
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Tags: NIGERIA), THE IMPACT OF STANDARD COSTING ON PROFITABILITY AND MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF A MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF FERDINAND INDUSTRIES LIMITED, URULLA IDEATO NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IMO STATE
ABSTRACT
Basically, NBC moffers different product to customers which in one way or the other leads to the satisfaction of the desires of the customers.
Some objectives of this study are;
· To find out the role of segmentation in the marketing of NBC Plc products.
· To find out if market segmentation of NBC Plc leads to increase customers patronage.
Based on the above objectives, the researchers used primary and secondary data. Secondary data are collected from already done work like textbooks, dictionary, magazine etc. the sample size for the consumer was derives using borhey’s formular while census was used for relevant staff and wanyement.
The data collected when analyzed using tables, frequencies and percentages. The analyzed data gave the following finding that market segmentation practice of NBC Plc leads to increased patronage of their products.
Market segmentation practice of NBC Plc leads to increase in profit of the organization.
The researchers came up with the following recommendations.
· NBC should stick to segmentation of their products because it increase their profit.
· NBC PLc is advised to practice marketing segmentation because it reduces cost of operations.
The researcher concludes that market segmentation not only help in serving the customers better but also increase the profit of the organization.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE – – – – – – I
APPROVAL PAGE – – – – – II
DEDICATION – – – – – – III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT – – – – IV
ABSTRACT – – – – – – V
TABLE OF CONTENTS – – – – – VI
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 Formulation of hypotheses
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope of the study
1.7 Limitation of the study
1.8 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 An overviews of segmentation
2.2 Objectives of market segmentation
2.3 Segmentation criteria
2.4 Conditions for effective market segmentation
2.5 Evaluation of market segmentation
2.6 Impact of segmentation on customers satisfaction
2.7 Segmentation in NBC plc
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research methodology
3.1 Sources of data
3.2 Research instruments used
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sampling techniques
3.5 Determination of sample size
3.6 Method of questionnaire administration or distribution
3.7 Limitation of the study
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Presentation, analysis and interpretation of data
4.1 Presentation and analysis of data
4.2 Test of hypotheses
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary of findings, recommendations and conclusion
5.1 Summary of findings
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In this modern and dynamic world, marketers look at the overall market as a body consisting of many smaller parts whose elements have some common characteristics.
They are mostly district from the entire market. For marketers entering a market, the total market must be divided into segment or division being similar character of wants and need or behaviours. This therefore, results to designing its own program, which will be developed for its best satisfaction.
Adirika, Ebuen Nnohu (1997:40) noted that most marketers are two large for an organization market.
According to Edoga and Ani (200:18) market segmentation is defined as the process of dividing the total market into several relatively homogenous groups with similar product interest. This process according to them requires marketers to identify factors that effect purchasing decision so that consumer can be grouped accordingly.
Adirika, Ebue and Nnohm (1997:30) sees marketing segmentation as the subdividing of a heterogeneous market into homogenous subset, groups of customers so that each subset can conceivably be selected as a separate market target to be reach with a district marketing mix. They further noted that in practicing segmentation and consequently target marketing, organization endeavour to serve target markets that they are able to satisfy efficiently and effectively, and not just any group of buyers that seems to represent a sizeable market.
These includes the marketing of drinks.
Adirika (1992,2.9) believes that the battles for the heart, mind and pocket book of the customers will be won by a block by block store by purchase, by purchases bases. This strategy is based on the premise that customers have different test which change over time and that these customers and variety
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Tags: THE IMPACT OF SEGMENTATION ON CUSTOMER STATISTACTION (A CASE STUDY OF NBC PLC IN ENUGU METROPOLIS)
ABSTRACT
This work is designed to asses the impact of poor accounting system in small scale industries, its significance, its contributory function in general and narrowly in Nigeria contact. The problem associated with the development of accounting system in small scale industries using Nigeria as an example will also be looked at.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Approval
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Scope and limitation of the study
1.6 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.1 Definition of accounting
2.2 Objective and importance of accounting information
2.3 Definition and meaning of accounting system
2.4 Importance of maintaining adequate accounting system in business organization
2.5 Definition and meaning of small scale industries
2.6 Origin of small scale organization in Nigeria
2.7 Causes of failure in small scale industries
2.8 Remedies
2.9 necessary book to be kept and procedures
CHAPTER THREE
Summary, conclusion recommendation
3.1 Summary
3.2 Conclusion
3.3 Recommendation
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Man has from time immemorial been struggling indefatigably to find absolute solution to his problems. Among this problems are economic, social, political and cultural economic problem is the most significant.
The major problem of all societies at all times was succinctly attempted it by fashioning crude tools out of the locally available wood and other materials to increase his productivity to satisfy his basic psychological needs in a large measure.
Universally, economic development of any society is primary based on a solid industrialization programme. This conception has been seriously laid credence by the numerous powers and influence which industrialized nation like U.S.A west Germany, Japan, USSR weld in the space of international policies and in all other world affairs.
It is disheartening to note that in most developing countries of the world, small scale industries have been very often treated in economic policies, as an inevitable background and lagging sector of the economic to be assisted merely for social reason but not as a valid opportunity for economic development. Consequently, upon this other perception of little attention has been rapid to the tremendous benefits to be derived by elevating existing small firms to attain their maximum capacity to stimulate the establishment of new ones. The argument is not that small scale industries are the ultimate panacea ot national development but rather that development policies and economic planning should be based on a neutral combination of large medium and small firms. The principal economic importance of small scale industries is in their responsiveness to changes and since changes is a prerequisite factor for economic growth, it is highly desirable that more fund rather than few should be channeled to small scale industries.
Martin O. Ijere, while enumerating the problem of small scale industries made mention of limited finance. This finance being the main resources small scale industries utilize in order to exist, needs to be preserves. In doing this, proper accounting system should be installed so as to make sure that every item or transaction that takes place in the business activities of small scale industries will be accounted for. This will help in the achievement of most of the
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Tags: THE IMPACT OF POOR ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
ABSTRACT
This work is designed to asses the impact of poor accounting system in small scale industries, its significance, its contributory function in general and narrowly in Nigeria contact. The problem associated with the development of accounting system in small scale industries using Nigeria as an example will also be looked at.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Approval
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Scope and limitation of the study
1.6 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.1 Definition of accounting
2.2 Objective and importance of accounting information
2.3 Definition and meaning of accounting system
2.4 Importance of maintaining adequate accounting system in business organization
2.5 Definition and meaning of small scale industries
2.6 Origin of small scale organization in Nigeria
2.7 Causes of failure in small scale industries
2.8 Remedies
2.9 necessary book to be kept and procedures
CHAPTER THREE
Summary, conclusion recommendation
3.1 Summary
3.2 Conclusion
3.3 Recommendation
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Man has from time immemorial been struggling indefatigably to find absolute solution to his problems. Among this problems are economic, social, political and cultural economic problem is the most significant.
The major problem of all societies at all times was succinctly attempted it by fashioning crude tools out of the locally available wood and other materials to increase his productivity to satisfy his basic psychological needs in a large measure.
Universally, economic development of any society is primary based on a solid industrialization programme. This conception has been seriously laid credence by the numerous powers and influence which industrialized nation like U.S.A west Germany, Japan, USSR weld in the space of international policies and in all other world affairs.
It is disheartening to note that in most developing countries of the world, small scale industries have been very often treated in economic policies, as an inevitable background and lagging sector of the economic to be assisted merely for social reason but not as a valid opportunity for economic development. Consequently, upon this other perception of little attention has been rapid to the tremendous benefits to be derived by elevating existing small firms to attain their maximum capacity to stimulate the establishment of new ones. The argument is not that small scale industries are the ultimate panacea ot national development but rather that development policies and economic planning should be based on a neutral combination of large medium and small firms. The principal economic importance of small scale industries is in their responsiveness to changes and since changes is a prerequisite factor for economic growth, it is highly desirable that more fund rather than few should be channeled to small scale industries.
Martin O. Ijere, while enumerating the problem of small scale industries made mention of limited finance. This finance being the main resources small scale industries utilize in order to exist, needs to be preserves. In doing this, proper accounting system should be installed so as to make sure that every item or transaction that takes place in the business activities of small scale industries will be accounted for. This will help in the achievement of most of the
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OR
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Tags: THE IMPACT OF POOR ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
TABLES OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
DEDIICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
1.3 SCOPE OF STUDY
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.5 LIMITAITON
1.6 DEFINITION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATION
2.1 INCENTIVES AND PRODUCTIVITY
2.2 DIRECTLY RELATED LITERATURE ON INCENTIVES
2.3 CONCEPT OF INCENTIVE SCHEME
2.4 TYPES OF INCENTIVE SCHEME
2.5 FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA INCENTIVE SCHEME
2.6 SUMMARY OF THE REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 SUMMARY UP
3.2 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCE
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Sometimes, on wonders why some people perform more than others on the job or better still why people work hard.
Man in his natural form is somehow lazy and always tries to gravitate towards his comfort unless some kind of force of reap a positive reward as the becomes the motive for his working towards his set target (motivating factor).
Given the above illustration, management scholars have tries to define what motivation is all about.
The Webster, Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English language (1995), said that motivation relates to the senesced or year etc. that prompts an individual to act. It has to do with inner state that energizes activates or moves and therefore directs behaviour towards peoples.
In all organization, productivity is beckoned on the design of its incentives variables to balance among various management levels. Still others may not necessarily be motivated with a well packaged incentive scheme . The group believe that money is not every thing. People work for broadly defined rewards. These rewards can be broken down into two general classes know as intrinsic and extrinsic rewards.
Extrinsic rewards include figure pay proportion, complainants etc. and are often independence of the task perform and controlled by other people.
1.1 BACKGOUND OF STUDY
Incentives are objectives or goals which are capable of
satisfying what the employee views as need, drive or desire. It includes a accredited payment for improved productivity as well as environment condition for example, in infrastructures, transportation facilities, canteen services etc. in other words incentives do not only refer to wages payment but other things like job enrichment, free flow of information, gives relationship among junior and senior officers.
A higher performance must be rewarded ore that the lower performance for a felling of equity to prevail. Given this, money is likely to be motivator variables remuneration has been favored as the means of giving incentives to produce or sell increased volume or to improve the quality of their performance.
Incentives which may be seen as payment or reward for work or services rendered have been a common feature in Nigeria establishments to which first bank of Nigeria Plc. Is not an excerption. It is therefore, the objective of this that could motivate workers to greater achievement.
Management scholars and other employers of labour will also find this work heavy useful as it would enable them to be vast of the value of incentives to performance of workers, if appropriately applied. This will in effect bring great efficiency of workers if adequately employed.
First bank of Nigeria Plc., for over a country, has distinguished itself as a leading banking institution and a major contributor to the economic advancement and development of Nigeria.
1.2 THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It is fundamentally unrealistic to assure that people would
continued to find. Satisfaction in co-operating in organization’s affairs, if no interest is shown in their individual needs and problems.
It is agreed that in spite of whiteness gains must have been achievement ensuring adequate compensation among workers around the world existing (organization, programs have failed to attract, hold and motivate employees because the individual worker is not considered and he did not participate in the planning and designing of such incentives before its execution or implication.
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That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
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Tags: THE IMPACT OF MONETARY INCENTIVE ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE. (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK – PLC. ENUGU)
TABLES OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
DEDIICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
1.3 SCOPE OF STUDY
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.5 LIMITAITON
1.6 DEFINITION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATION
2.1 INCENTIVES AND PRODUCTIVITY
2.2 DIRECTLY RELATED LITERATURE ON INCENTIVES
2.3 CONCEPT OF INCENTIVE SCHEME
2.4 TYPES OF INCENTIVE SCHEME
2.5 FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA INCENTIVE SCHEME
2.6 SUMMARY OF THE REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 SUMMARY UP
3.2 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCE
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Sometimes, on wonders why some people perform more than others on the job or better still why people work hard.
Man in his natural form is somehow lazy and always tries to gravitate towards his comfort unless some kind of force of reap a positive reward as the becomes the motive for his working towards his set target (motivating factor).
Given the above illustration, management scholars have tries to define what motivation is all about.
The Webster, Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English language (1995), said that motivation relates to the senesced or year etc. that prompts an individual to act. It has to do with inner state that energizes activates or moves and therefore directs behaviour towards peoples.
In all organization, productivity is beckoned on the design of its incentives variables to balance among various management levels. Still others may not necessarily be motivated with a well packaged incentive scheme . The group believe that money is not every thing. People work for broadly defined rewards. These rewards can be broken down into two general classes know as intrinsic and extrinsic rewards.
Extrinsic rewards include figure pay proportion, complainants etc. and are often independence of the task perform and controlled by other people.
1.1 BACKGOUND OF STUDY
Incentives are objectives or goals which are capable of
satisfying what the employee views as need, drive or desire. It includes a accredited payment for improved productivity as well as environment condition for example, in infrastructures, transportation facilities, canteen services etc. in other words incentives do not only refer to wages payment but other things like job enrichment, free flow of information, gives relationship among junior and senior officers.
A higher performance must be rewarded ore that the lower performance for a felling of equity to prevail. Given this, money is likely to be motivator variables remuneration has been favored as the means of giving incentives to produce or sell increased volume or to improve the quality of their performance.
Incentives which may be seen as payment or reward for work or services rendered have been a common feature in Nigeria establishments to which first bank of Nigeria Plc. Is not an excerption. It is therefore, the objective of this that could motivate workers to greater achievement.
Management scholars and other employers of labour will also find this work heavy useful as it would enable them to be vast of the value of incentives to performance of workers, if appropriately applied. This will in effect bring great efficiency of workers if adequately employed.
First bank of Nigeria Plc., for over a country, has distinguished itself as a leading banking institution and a major contributor to the economic advancement and development of Nigeria.
1.2 THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It is fundamentally unrealistic to assure that people would
continued to find. Satisfaction in co-operating in organization’s affairs, if no interest is shown in their individual needs and problems.
It is agreed that in spite of whiteness gains must have been achievement ensuring adequate compensation among workers around the world existing (organization, programs have failed to attract, hold and motivate employees because the individual worker is not considered and he did not participate in the planning and designing of such incentives before its execution or implication.
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OR
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Bank: UBA.
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That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
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Tags: THE IMPACT OF MONETARY INCENTIVE ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE. (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST BANK – PLC. ENUGU)
ABSTRACT
The economic policies or interpretation of such policies has always left a key question unanswered, how much authorities do such policies allow the banks to use their powers to lend, to made remarkable impact in the overall economic situation in the country.
Like in banks in most developing economic (Nigeria inclusive) the role of providing advice and issuing financial directives lies in the ministry of finance, the Nigeria deposit insurance corporation and the central bank of Nigeria. The federal government relies on these institution for the proper functioning of banks through their monetary and fiscal policies, which could be concretionary or expansionary. This invariably affects the profitability of commercial banks etc. hence the need for this study.
The Zenith Bank Plc has been chosen in this regard and except where specified individually, banks becomes the terminsnolyg. In this study in depth study is made on how the Apex Banks, the CBN’s financial policies monetary and fiscal affect the profitability of banks and it’s effect and the general influences it has on the economy.
Chapter one of the study deals on the back ground, study of the problems. Statement of hypothesis and what significant of the study is. Second chapter studies the literature used.
The chapter three emphasis on the techniques and sample collection and questionnaire chapter four presentation of data analysis of the data and the interpretation of finding the last chapter five elucidates on the findings and solutions were proffered. Hence given rise to conclusion.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgment
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problems
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Statement of hypothesis
1.6 Scope and limitation of study
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.1 2004 monetary policy and the introduction of N25 billion capital base.
2.2 Monetary and credit policy measure in 2002/2003
2.3 Frame work for determine bank cost of funds
2.3.1 National saving certificate
2.3.2 Federal government development stocks
2.3.3 Minimum balance on loan saving account
2.3.4 Money Transfer
2.3.5 Policy on SMES
2.3.6 CBN rediscounting and refinancing
2.3.7 Characteristics of promissory note
2.3.8 Paid up capital requirement
2.3.9 Moral suasion
2.3.10 Improvement in the payment system
2.4 Universal banking practice
2.5 Basic principles of commercial banks credit
2.6 Credit policies of commercial banks
2.7 Factors that determine credit policies in Nigeria
2.8 Capital position of the banks
2.9 Liquidity and profitability
2.10 Impact of CBN monetary policy on banks profit.
CHAPTER THREE
Research design and methodology
3.1 sample survey method
3.2 Population sample for the study
3.3 Sources of data collection
CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation
4.1 Data analysis, interpretation
4.2 List of hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
Findings conclusion and recommendation
5.1 Summary of findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendix
Questionnaires
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Most banking activities are directed towards lending as credit has remained the backbone of banking operations. It is due to the fact that it provide the bulk profits.
Today, its vital role in commercial banking activities lie in the direct it has on total economic growth and business development. Every year the (CBN) central bank of Nigeria being the monetary authority that is solely responsible for the insurance of guidelines policies and the interpretation of such, comes up with economic measure roles and regulation under which the bank in the country operate. Such policies direct the use of funds from depositors, stockholders, and creditors in order to control the size of loan portfolio thereby determining the general circumstances under which it is appropriate to make an advance. The economic policies (fiscal and monetary) also aim at aiding the banks to maintain a sound financial and banking system promote confidence in sustenance of reasonable banking services for public as well as ensuring a high standard of conduct and professionalism in banking industry. These rules and regulations are contained in monetary and fiscal policy circular being issued by the central bank at the beginning of every year.
The techniques of monetary policies could be broadly divided into two namely:
Direct and Indirect.
While the direct approach has been used very extensively in the more developed market economic, the indirect approach predominate in the less developed economics such as Nigeria. Nonetheless, both technology aim at influence the cost and availability of banking system’s credit. The direct system techniques involves fixing of credit ceiling and interest weight rates the Apex Bank (CBN) for compliance by banks, while the direct approach achieves the same objective through the financial market. The most potent instrument of the indirect monetary policy technique is the open market operation (OMO). It is worthy of note that effort aimed at introducing incorrect monetary and credit-control anchored on the use of OMO are themselves a parts of the given receipts which they would present to the gold smith on withdrawal.
According to Paul Sammuelson, (1990-20) money has an anonymous quality making are dollar just as good as another. In relation to the above the
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
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08068231953 or 08168759420
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(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
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www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
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Tags: THE IMPACT OF MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES OF CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA ON THE PROFITABILITY OF BANK (A CASE STUDY OF ZENITH BANK P.L.C
ABSTRACT
The economic policies or interpretation of such policies has always left a key question unanswered, how much authorities do such policies allow the banks to use their powers to lend, to made remarkable impact in the overall economic situation in the country.
Like in banks in most developing economic (Nigeria inclusive) the role of providing advice and issuing financial directives lies in the ministry of finance, the Nigeria deposit insurance corporation and the central bank of Nigeria. The federal government relies on these institution for the proper functioning of banks through their monetary and fiscal policies, which could be concretionary or expansionary. This invariably affects the profitability of commercial banks etc. hence the need for this study.
The Zenith Bank Plc has been chosen in this regard and except where specified individually, banks becomes the terminsnolyg. In this study in depth study is made on how the Apex Banks, the CBN’s financial policies monetary and fiscal affect the profitability of banks and it’s effect and the general influences it has on the economy.
Chapter one of the study deals on the back ground, study of the problems. Statement of hypothesis and what significant of the study is. Second chapter studies the literature used.
The chapter three emphasis on the techniques and sample collection and questionnaire chapter four presentation of data analysis of the data and the interpretation of finding the last chapter five elucidates on the findings and solutions were proffered. Hence given rise to conclusion.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgment
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problems
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Statement of hypothesis
1.6 Scope and limitation of study
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.1 2004 monetary policy and the introduction of N25 billion capital base.
2.2 Monetary and credit policy measure in 2002/2003
2.3 Frame work for determine bank cost of funds
2.3.1 National saving certificate
2.3.2 Federal government development stocks
2.3.3 Minimum balance on loan saving account
2.3.4 Money Transfer
2.3.5 Policy on SMES
2.3.6 CBN rediscounting and refinancing
2.3.7 Characteristics of promissory note
2.3.8 Paid up capital requirement
2.3.9 Moral suasion
2.3.10 Improvement in the payment system
2.4 Universal banking practice
2.5 Basic principles of commercial banks credit
2.6 Credit policies of commercial banks
2.7 Factors that determine credit policies in Nigeria
2.8 Capital position of the banks
2.9 Liquidity and profitability
2.10 Impact of CBN monetary policy on banks profit.
CHAPTER THREE
Research design and methodology
3.1 sample survey method
3.2 Population sample for the study
3.3 Sources of data collection
CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation
4.1 Data analysis, interpretation
4.2 List of hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
Findings conclusion and recommendation
5.1 Summary of findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendix
Questionnaires
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Most banking activities are directed towards lending as credit has remained the backbone of banking operations. It is due to the fact that it provide the bulk profits.
Today, its vital role in commercial banking activities lie in the direct it has on total economic growth and business development. Every year the (CBN) central bank of Nigeria being the monetary authority that is solely responsible for the insurance of guidelines policies and the interpretation of such, comes up with economic measure roles and regulation under which the bank in the country operate. Such policies direct the use of funds from depositors, stockholders, and creditors in order to control the size of loan portfolio thereby determining the general circumstances under which it is appropriate to make an advance. The economic policies (fiscal and monetary) also aim at aiding the banks to maintain a sound financial and banking system promote confidence in sustenance of reasonable banking services for public as well as ensuring a high standard of conduct and professionalism in banking industry. These rules and regulations are contained in monetary and fiscal policy circular being issued by the central bank at the beginning of every year.
The techniques of monetary policies could be broadly divided into two namely:
Direct and Indirect.
While the direct approach has been used very extensively in the more developed market economic, the indirect approach predominate in the less developed economics such as Nigeria. Nonetheless, both technology aim at influence the cost and availability of banking system’s credit. The direct system techniques involves fixing of credit ceiling and interest weight rates the Apex Bank (CBN) for compliance by banks, while the direct approach achieves the same objective through the financial market. The most potent instrument of the indirect monetary policy technique is the open market operation (OMO). It is worthy of note that effort aimed at introducing incorrect monetary and credit-control anchored on the use of OMO are themselves a parts of the given receipts which they would present to the gold smith on withdrawal.
According to Paul Sammuelson, (1990-20) money has an anonymous quality making are dollar just as good as another. In relation to the above the
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of my project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: THE IMPACT OF MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES OF CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA ON THE PROFITABILITY OF BANK (A CASE STUDY OF ZENITH BANK P.L.C
ABSTRACT
This study is intended to find out the impact of legal audit requirements on the auditor performance in Nigeria context specifically. The literature review described the various audit requirements in conjunction with the professional standards and how they are applied to secure the auditor competence an independence that are vital to the auditors if they are to effectively execute their responsibilities to their clients.
The arrangement of this topic discussed in reviewing the literature was designed to support the hypothesis which form the basis of the study.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of the problem
1.2 Purpose of the problem
1.3 Significance of the study
1.4 Statement of hypothesis
1.5 Scope of the study
1.6 Limitation of the study
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The concept of auditing and the auditors environment
2.2 Classification of auditing
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research design and methodology
3.1 Research design
3.2 Survey of existing document
3.3 Questionnaires
3.4 Oral interviews
3.5 Sample design
3.6 Sources of data
3.6i Primary data
3.6ii. Secondary data
3.7 Statistical techniques
Chi- square test
Rank correlation
Sing test
Reliability
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data presentation and analysis
4.1 Tabulation and interpretation of data form- questionnaires
4.2 Test of hypotheses
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary of finding conclusion and recommendation
5.1 Findings
Conclusion
Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendix (questionnaires)
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
“Business without auditing stifles public confidence and auditing without law is force”
(Emile wolf)
Auditing occupies a very critical position in the business life of any society both industrialized and non industrialized countries like Nigeria and other west African countries. This implies that auditing plays a critical and improtant role in the economic development of any nation.
This is more importance as business, which is the mainstay/ bedrock of the economy is fast growing. It has grown beyond what may be described as “purely personal management that were common in the olden days. Such business establishments are small in size personally owned financed and managed by the owner.
However there is changed situation in this modern time. The hallmark of most business is no longer owners management. The owner and financers are separate person (shareholders and investors) and controlled by outsiders (director and managers) because of the increase in size and company of business activities. This practice is know as “stewardship” the entrails as its foundational feature that shareholders and other parties to the business will like to know how their resources entrusted in the care of management are being used to achieve the corporate aim. This is therefore done by employing the services of person’s who are professionally qualified and referred to as independent public auditors to attest on the effective utilization or otherwise of the financial resources after examining the account prepared by the management. It was this motive that gave rise to the birth of the profession auditing with vital role and heavy responsibilities.
It would be right to stress that the down auditing era is the wake into consciousness and disciplines in business operations the quest to maintain sanctity in the conduct of business.
But to have auditing profession void of legal backing is a despicable attempt to accord the practice a persuasive influence but not authoritative status.
Auditing without the law is a force a contraction on terms. To this extent the law become a fundamental aspect of the profession and practically speaking too bears conspicuous implications. For example in performing the attest
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of my project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
www.easyprojectsolutions.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.worldofnolimit.com
www.nairaproject.com.ng
www.nairaprojects.com.ng
www.nairaproject.net
www.nairaprojects.net
www.uniproject.com.ng
www.uniprojects.com.ng
Tags: THE IMPACT OF LEGAL AUDIT REQUIREMENTS ON THE AUDITORS PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study is intended to find out the impact of legal audit requirements on the auditor performance in Nigeria context specifically. The literature review described the various audit requirements in conjunction with the professional standards and how they are applied to secure the auditor competence an independence that are vital to the auditors if they are to effectively execute their responsibilities to their clients.
The arrangement of this topic discussed in reviewing the literature was designed to support the hypothesis which form the basis of the study.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of the problem
1.2 Purpose of the problem
1.3 Significance of the study
1.4 Statement of hypothesis
1.5 Scope of the study
1.6 Limitation of the study
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The concept of auditing and the auditors environment
2.2 Classification of auditing
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research design and methodology
3.1 Research design
3.2 Survey of existing document
3.3 Questionnaires
3.4 Oral interviews
3.5 Sample design
3.6 Sources of data
3.6i Primary data
3.6ii. Secondary data
3.7 Statistical techniques
Chi- square test
Rank correlation
Sing test
Reliability
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data presentation and analysis
4.1 Tabulation and interpretation of data form- questionnaires
4.2 Test of hypotheses
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary of finding conclusion and recommendation
5.1 Findings
Conclusion
Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendix (questionnaires)
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
“Business without auditing stifles public confidence and auditing without law is force”
(Emile wolf)
Auditing occupies a very critical position in the business life of any society both industrialized and non industrialized countries like Nigeria and other west African countries. This implies that auditing plays a critical and improtant role in the economic development of any nation.
This is more importance as business, which is the mainstay/ bedrock of the economy is fast growing. It has grown beyond what may be described as “purely personal management that were common in the olden days. Such business establishments are small in size personally owned financed and managed by the owner.
However there is changed situation in this modern time. The hallmark of most business is no longer owners management. The owner and financers are separate person (shareholders and investors) and controlled by outsiders (director and managers) because of the increase in size and company of business activities. This practice is know as “stewardship” the entrails as its foundational feature that shareholders and other parties to the business will like to know how their resources entrusted in the care of management are being used to achieve the corporate aim. This is therefore done by employing the services of person’s who are professionally qualified and referred to as independent public auditors to attest on the effective utilization or otherwise of the financial resources after examining the account prepared by the management. It was this motive that gave rise to the birth of the profession auditing with vital role and heavy responsibilities.
It would be right to stress that the down auditing era is the wake into consciousness and disciplines in business operations the quest to maintain sanctity in the conduct of business.
But to have auditing profession void of legal backing is a despicable attempt to accord the practice a persuasive influence but not authoritative status.
Auditing without the law is a force a contraction on terms. To this extent the law become a fundamental aspect of the profession and practically speaking too bears conspicuous implications. For example in performing the attest
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK
PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) immediately we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.
HOW TO IDENTIFY SCAM/FRAUD
As a result of fraud in Nigeria, people don’t believe there are good online businesses in Nigeria.
But on this site, we have provided “table of content and chapter one” of all our project topics and materials in order to convince you that we have the complete materials.
Secondly, we have provided our Bank Account on this site. Our Bank Account contains all information about the owner of this website. For your own security, all payment should be made in the bank.
No Fraudulent company uses Bank Account as a means of payment, because Bank Account contains the overall information of the owner
CAUTION/WARNING
Please, DO NOT COPY any of our materials on this website WORD-TO-WORD. These materials are to assist, direct you during your project. Study the materials carefully and use the information in them to develop your own new copy. Copying these materials word-to-word is CHEATING/ ILLEGAL because it affects Educational standard, and we will not be held responsible for it. If you must copy word-to-word please do not order/buy.
That you ordered this material shows you have agreed not to copy word-to-word.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
Visit any of my project websites below:
www.easyprojectmaterials.com
www.easyprojectmaterials.com.ng
www.easyprojectmaterial.net
www.easyprojectmaterial.net.ng
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Tags: THE IMPACT OF LEGAL AUDIT REQUIREMENTS ON THE AUDITORS PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
